9/21/21

Enrichment/ This meeting is being recorded

Synchronous Class
COE0001

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Engineering Mathematics 1 Linear Equations in one

variable & its applications
Key Points
LINEAR AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Quadratic Equations & its
MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology Applications

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 1

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Learning Outcomes Properties

of Equality
§ Recall and apply the Properties of Equality.
§ Solve linear equations in one variable.
§ Solve quadratic equations using different methods.
§ Solve worded problems involving quadratic equations in one variable.

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What are Algebraic Properties of

Equality?
ALGEBRAIC PROPERTIES • In mathematics equality is a relationship between two
mathematical expressions, asserting that the quantities
Let’s Keep Those Equations Balanced! have the same value.

• Algebraic Properties of Equality help us to justify how we

solve equations and inequalities.

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Image from http://varner.typepad.com/mendenhall/

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 2

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1. Addition Property of Equality 2. Subtraction Property of Equality

• This property tells us that adding the same • This property tells us that subtracting the
number to each side of an equation gives same number to each side of an equation
us an equivalent equation. gives us an equivalent equation.
If a – b = c, If a + b = c,
then a – b + b = c + b then a + b - b = c - b

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3. Multiplication Property of Equality 4. Division Property of Equality

• This property tells us that multiplying the • This property tells us that dividing the same
same (non-zero) number to each side of (non-zero) number to each side of an
an equation gives us an equivalent equation gives us an equivalent equation.
equation.
If a • b = c (and b ≠ 0),
If a = c, (and b≠ 0),
then a • b = c
b
b b
then a • b = c • b Image from http://schools.iclipart.com

b
Image from http://schools.iclipart.com

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 3

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5. Associative Property 6. Commutative Property

of Addition or Multiplication of Addition or Multiplication

• Keep the same order, just move the When you add or multiply two numbers,
parenthesis. you will get the same answer when you
switch the order.
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
a+b=b+a
(ab)c = a(bc)
ab = ba

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Image from http://schools.iclipart.com

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7. Distributive Property 8. Identity Property

• Thisproperty “distributes” a value, The number you can add or multiply by
using multiplication, to each number in and still get the same number.
the parenthesis. a+0=a
a(b + c) = ab + ac a•1=a
Everyone in this problem got an “a”

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Image from http://schools.iclipart.com

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 4

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Justify each step by stating the property that was

9. Inverse Property used.
What number can you add to a and get 0?
6x + 9 = 51
a + (-a) = 0
1) 6x = 42 1) Subtraction Property
What number can you multiply a by and get 1? of Equality
a(1/a) = 1 2) x = 7
2) Division Property of
Equality

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Image from http://schools.iclipart.com

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Justify each step by stating the property that was

used.
10. Reflexive Property
• states that for every real number a, then
3(2x – 5) = 63

1) 6x – 15 = 63 1) Distributive Property
a=a
2) 6x = 78 2) Addition Property of
Equality
b=b
3) x = 13
3) Division Property of
Equality
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Image from http://schools.iclipart.com

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 5

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11. Symmetric Property 12. Transitive Property

• states that for all real numbers a, b and c
• states that for all real numbers a and b

If a = b , then b = a If a = b, and b = c , then a = c

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Image from http://schools.iclipart.com

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Remember to keep Linear Equations in one

your equations variable & its applications
Key Points
balanced…
Quadratic Equations & its
J Applications

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 6

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Linear Equations in One Variable Linear Equations in One Variable

Linear Equation in One Variable Determine whether the following equations are
linear or nonlinear.
A linear equation in one variable can be written in the
form ax + b = c 8x + 3 = –9 Yes, x is raised to the first power.

/
where a, b, and c are real numbers, with a = 0. No, x is not raised to the first
9x3 – 8 = 15 power.
A linear equation is also called a first-degree 7 = –12 No, x is not raised to the first
equation since the greatest power on the x power.
variable is one.
No, x is not raised to the first
x - 4 = 16 power.
5x + 10 = 13

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Step 1 Clear fractions. Eliminate any fractions by Solving Linear Equations

multiplying each side by the least common
denominator.

Solving Linear Equations

Step 2 Simplify each side separately. Use the Solve 2x – 5 = 5x – 2.
distributive property to clear parentheses and
combine like terms as needed. 2x – 5 = 5x – 2
Using Linear Step 3 Isolate the variable terms on one side. Use 2x – 5 – 5x = 5x – 2 – 5x
the addition property to get all terms with Subtract 5x.
Equations of variables on one side of the equation and all –3x – 5 = –2
Combine like terms.
One Variable numbers on the other.
–3x – 5 + 5= –2 + 5
Step 4 Isolate the variable. Use the multiplication Add 5.
property to get an equation with just the –3x = 3
Combine like terms.
variable (with coefficient of 1) on one side. -3x 3
Step 5 Check. Substitute the proposed solution into
= Divide by –3.
3 -3
the original equation.
x = –1 Proposed solution.

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 7

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Solving Linear Equations Solving Linear Equations with Fractions

2x +1 1 x - 3
Check by substituting the Solve = +
proposed solution back into 2 3 4
2x – 5 = 5x – 2 the original equation.

2(–1) – 5 = 5(–1) – 2
Since the value of each
–2 – 5 = –5 – 2 side is –7 , the proposed
solution is correct.
–7 = –7

The solution set is {–1}.

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Solving Linear Equations with Fractions Solving Linear Equations with Fractions
2x +1 1 x - 3 continued
Solve = +
2 3 4 12 x + 6 - x = 4 + 3 x - 9 - 3 x
9 x + 6 = -5 Collect like terms.
æ 2x +1 ö æ1 x -3ö
12 ç ÷ = 12 ç + ÷ Clear fractions. 9 x + 6 - 6 = -5 - 6 Add - 6.
è 2 ø è3 4 ø
9 x = -11 Collect like terms
6 ( 2 x + 1) = 4 + 3 ( x - 3) Distributive property.
9 x -11
12 x + 6 = 4 + 3 x - 9 Distributive property. = Divide by 9.
9 9
12 x + 6 - 3 x = 4 + 3 x - 9 - 3 x Add - 3 x.
11
x=- Proposed solution.
9

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 8

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Conditional, Contradiction, and Identity Equations

Linear equations can have exactly one solution,
no solution, or an infinite number of solutions.

Type of Linear
Equation
Number of Solutions Indication When
Solving Applications
Conditional One Final results is
x = a number.

Identity Infinite; solution set Final line is true,

{all real numbers} such as 5 = 5.

Contradiction None; solution set is Final line is false,

such as –3 = 11.

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Linear Equations and Problem Solving Sample Key Words

Word Problems!!! • Addition: • Multiplication:

Write an equation increased by

more than
of
times, multiplied by
Keys to succeed! combined, together product of
Dr total of increased/decreased by a factor of (this last type can
aw sum, plus involve both addition or subtraction and multiplication!)
ap added to twice, triple, etc
ict
ur
Solve the equation comparatives ("greater than", etc) each ("they got three each", etc)
e
!

• Subtraction:
le!

• Division:
decreased by per, a
ab

Write down important information minus, less out of

ari

difference between/of ratio of, quotient of

less than, fewer than percent (divide by 100)
rv

Put the info in a chart if you can left, left over, after equal pieces, split
ou

save (old-fashioned term) average

comparatives ("smaller than", etc)
ey

• Equals
is, are, was, were, will be
fin

gives, yields
De

sold for, cost

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 9

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Examples
Sample
Translations

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Example 1 Example 2
Find three consecutive odd integers so that the sum of twice the first, Find three consecutive even integers whose sum is 216
the second and three times the third is 152.
Even Integer 1 x
Odd Integer 1 x
Even Integer 2 x+2
Odd Integer 2 x+2
Even Integer 3 x+4
Odd Integer 3 x+4

Total 216
Total 152
Ans. 23, 25, and 27
Ans.70, 72, and 74

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 10

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Age Problem Example 3

• Past, Present, Future Peter’s age 13 years ago was 1/3 of his age 7 years hence. How
od is Peter?
• Sample Statement:
13 years ago Now 7 years hence
• The ages of a certain person in the past, present and future in terms
of x are as follows: x-13 x x+7

6 yrs. Ago Present In 5 years

x-6 x x+5
Ans.23 years old

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Motion Problem
Example 4
• In algebra, the problems pertaining to motion deals only with a uniform Jordan can walk from his home to his office at the rate of 5
velocity (no acceleration or deceleration in the process. mph and back at the rate of 2 mph . What is his average speed
• The following is the relationship between the distance, time, and in mph?
velocity:

𝑑 𝑑
𝑑 = 𝑣𝑡 𝑣= 𝑡=
𝑡 𝑣

Ans.2.857 mph

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 11

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Example 5 Example 6
A driver averaged 50mph on the highway and 30mph on the side roads. If the You have 32 coins made up of dimes and nickels. You
trip of 185 miles took a total of 4 hours and 30 minutes, how many miles were have a total of $2.85. How many of each type of coin
on the highway. do you have?
Highway 50 x 50x
mph
Dime 10 x 10x
Side Road 30 4.5 – x 30(4.5 – x)
Nickel 5 32 – x 5(32 – x)
mph Total 32 285
Total 4.5 hrs 185 miles 10 x + 5(32 - x ) = 285 5 x = 125
50 x + 30(4.5 - x) = 185 20 x = 50 10 x + 160 - 5 x = 285 x = 25
50 x + 135 - 30 x = 185 x = 2.5 hr. 5 x + 160 = 285 32 - x = 7
20 x + 135 = 185 50 x = 50(2.5) = 125 mi.

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Example 7
A pharmacist must make 20 oz of a 12% saline solution from his
supply of 5% and 15% solutions. How much of each should he
use?
12% 12% 20 20·12%
solution
5% 5% x x · 5%
solution
15% 15% 20 – x (20 – x) ·15%
solution Q’s in the CHAT box please J

20 • 0.12 = 0.05 x + (20 - x) • 0.15

2.4 = 0.05 x + 3 - 0.15 x
x = 6 oz.
2.4 = -0.1x + 3
20 - x = 20 - 6 = 14 oz.
-0.6 = -0.1x

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 12

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• Dugopolski, Mark. (2014). Trigonometry. Pearson Education

South Asia PteLtd.
• Swokowski, Earl (2014). Algebra and Trigonometry with
Analytic Geometry. Cengage Learning
• https://www.toppr.com/guides/maths/linear-equations-in-one-
variable/algebra-equations/.
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/prealgebra/chapter/translati
ng-words-into-an-algebriac-equation-and-solving/
• https://www.algebra-online.com/math-word-problems/
• https://www.iclipart.com/search.php?keys=school&tl=clipart

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Engr. Ma. Editha A. Grande, PECE 13