ƐĞĕŵĞƐŝŶŝŶŶĞĚĞŶůĞƌŝŶĚĞŶďŝƌŝƐƵĚĞƌŝŶůŝŒŝĂƌƚƚŦŒŦŶĚĂƐƵLJƵŶƐŦĐĂŬůŦŒŦŶŦŶĚƺƔŵĞƐŝĚŝƌ͘'ĂnjůŦŝĕĞĐĞŬůĞƌŝŶƐŽŒƵŬ

ĕƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺŶƺŶĂnjĂůŵĂƐŦĚŦƌ͘
ŝĕŝůŵĞƐŝŶŝŶŶĞĚĞŶŝĚĞĚƺƔƺŬƐŦĐĂŬůŦŬƚĂĚĂŚĂĨĂnjůĂŬĂƌďŽŶĚŝŽŬƐŝƚŐĂnjŦĕƂnjƺŶŵĞƐŝŶĚĞŶŬĂLJŶĂŬůĂŶŦƌ͘^ŦĐĂŬŽƌƚĂŵĚĂ OGM
&2¼5$)<$6¿Q¿I ƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺŶĂƐŦŶĕůĂĞŒŝƔŝŵŝ
ĕƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺŶƺŶĂnjĂůŵĂƐŦĚŦƌ͘
MATERYAL
ƔŝƔĞĚĞďĞŬůĞƚŝůĞŶƐƵLJƵŶŝĕŝŶĚĞďŝƌƐƺƌĞƐŽŶƌĂŬĂďĂƌĐŦŬůĂƌŽůƵƔŵĂƐŦŶŦŶŶĞĚĞŶŝĚĞŦƐŦŝůĞƐƵĚĂĕƂnjƺŶĞŶŽŬƐŝũĞŶŐĂnjŦŶŦŶ
ORTAÖĞRETİM GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ
6258/$5 Bir
<ĂƚŦǀĞƐŦǀŦůĂƌŦŶƐƵĚĂŬŝĕƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺďĂƐŦŶĕůĂĚĞŒŝƔŵĞnj͘ 'ĂnjůĂƌŦŶĕƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺďĂƐŦŶĕůĂĚŽŒƌƵŽƌĂŶƚŦůŦŽůĂƌĂŬartar.
ƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺŶĂƐŦŶĕůĂĞŒŝƔŝŵŝ
ŐĂnjŦŶďŝƌƐŦǀŦŝĕŝŶĚĞŬŝĕƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺŶĞďĂƐŦŶĐŦŶĞƚŬŝƐŝ͕ƐŦĐĂŬůŦŒŦŶĞƚŬŝƐŝŶĚĞŶĕŽŬĚĂŚĂĨĂnjůĂĚŦƌ͘ 6RUX
.218 ý/..˜/7˜50(5.(=/(5,
<ĂƚŦǀĞƐŦǀŦůĂƌŦŶƐƵĚĂŬŝĕƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺďĂƐŦŶĕůĂĚĞŒŝƔŵĞnj͘ 'ĂnjůĂƌŦŶĕƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺďĂƐŦŶĕůĂĚŽŒƌƵŽƌĂŶƚŦůŦŽůĂƌĂŬartar. Bir $ÅD½¿GDNLOHUGHQKDQJLVLLONÅHKLU\HU
^ĐƵďĂ;ƐƵŬƵďĂͿĚĂůŐŦĕůŦŒŦLJĂƉĂŶůĂƌŦŶǀƵƌŐƵŶLJĞŵĞƐŝŶŝŶŶĞĚĞŶŝŐĂnjůĂƌŦŶĕƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺŶĞďĂƐŦŶĐŦŶĞƚŬŝƐŝŝůĞ
ŐĂnjŦŶďŝƌƐŦǀŦŝĕŝŶĚĞŬŝĕƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺŶĞďĂƐŦŶĐŦŶĞƚŬŝƐŝ͕ƐŦĐĂŬůŦŒŦŶĞƚŬŝƐŝŶĚĞŶĕŽŬĚĂŚĂĨĂnjůĂĚŦƌ͘ OHÅPHOHULQLQNXUXOGX½XELUDNDUVXNHQDU¿
Á/../750(5.(=/(5Á KHVDSODPDNDPDF¿\ODJ¸QHÅWDNYLPLQLJHOLÅWLUHQ 7HPHOJH£LPND\QD½¿WDU¿PRODQýQNDODU GH½LOGLU?
ĂĕŦŬůĂŶĂďŝůŝƌ͘0¿V¿UO¿ODUWDÅN¿QVRQUDV¿WDUODV¿Q¿UODU¿Q¿\HQLGHQ
ĞƌŝŶůĞƌĞŝŶŝůĚŝŬĕĞƐŦǀŦďĂƐŦŶĐŦĂƌƚƚŦŒŦŶĚĂŶĚĂůŐŦĕůĂƌŦŶƐŽůƵĚƵŒƵŚĂǀĂĚĂďƵůƵŶĂŶĂnjŽƚŐĂnjŦLJƺŬƐĞŬ
^ĐƵďĂ;ƐƵŬƵďĂͿĚĂůŐŦĕůŦŒŦLJĂƉĂŶůĂƌŦŶǀƵƌŐƵŶLJĞŵĞƐŝŶŝŶŶĞĚĞŶŝŐĂnjůĂƌŦŶĕƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺŶĞďĂƐŦŶĐŦŶĞƚŬŝƐŝŝůĞ
²]HOOLNOHSDWDWHVWDU¿P¿EXQXQ\DQ¿V¿UD $1LO %$PD]RQ &)¿UDW
0HGHQL\HWX\JDUO¿NELU¸ONHYH\DWRSOXPD
G¸]HQOHPHNDPDF¿\OD\DSW¿NODU¿£DO¿ÅPDODUOD *¸QHÅÜLQKDUHNHWOHULQLL]OHPHGHX]PDQODÅP¿Å
ďĂƐŦŶĐŦŶĞƚŬŝƐŝLJůĞŬĂŶĚĂĕƂnjƺŶƺƌ͘
DLWPDGGLYHPDQHYLYDUO¿NODU¿Q\DQ¿V¿UDILNLU ĞƌŝŶĚĞŶĚĞŶŝnjLJƺnjĞLJŝŶĞĚŽŒƌƵĕŽŬŚŦnjůŦĕŦŬŦůĚŦŒŦŶĚĂƐŦǀŦďĂƐŦŶĐŦĂŶŝĚĞŶĚƺƔĞƌǀĞ
ĂĕŦŬůĂŶĂďŝůŝƌ͘ ĞƌŝŶůĞƌĞŝŶŝůĚŝŬĕĞƐŦǀŦďĂƐŦŶĐŦĂƌƚƚŦŒŦŶĚĂŶĚĂůŐŦĕůĂƌŦŶƐŽůƵĚƵŒƵŚĂǀĂĚĂďƵůƵŶĂŶĂnjŽƚŐĂnjŦLJƺŬƐĞŬ
PDWHPDWLNYHJHRPHWULQLQJHOLÅPHVLQHNDWN¿ YHJ¸QHÅVDDWLQL\DSP¿ÅW¿U
'*DQM (ýQGXV &HYDS%
VDQDWELOLPYHWHNQRORML£DO¿ÅPDODU¿\ODLOJLOL
ďĂƐŦŶĐŦŶĞƚŬŝƐŝLJůĞŬĂŶĚĂĕƂnjƺŶƺƌ͘ ĞƌŝŶĚĞŶĚĞŶŝnjLJƺnjĞLJŝŶĞĚŽŒƌƵĕŽŬŚŦnjůŦĕŦŬŦůĚŦŒŦŶĚĂƐŦǀŦďĂƐŦŶĐŦĂŶŝĚĞŶĚƺƔĞƌǀĞ
QLWHOLNOHULQW¸P¸Q¸LIDGHHWPHNWHGLUkanda çözünmƺƔĂnjŽƚƵŶĕƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺĂnjĂůŦƌ͘ ƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺĂnjĂůĂŶĂnjŽƚ͕ŬĂďĂƌĐŦŬŽůƵƔƚƵƌĂƌĂŬŐĂnjŚąůŝŶĞŐĞĕĞƌ͘
VXQPXÅW¿SYHHF]DF¿O¿NWDGD²QHPOLJHOLÅPHOHU
$]WHNYH0D\D0HGHQL\HWL
kanda çözünmƺƔĂnjŽƚƵŶĕƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺĂnjĂůŦƌ͘ND\GHWPLÅWLU ƂnjƺŶƺƌůƺŒƺĂnjĂůĂŶĂnjŽƚ͕ŬĂďĂƌĐŦŬŽůƵƔƚƵƌĂƌĂŬŐĂnjŚąůŝŶĞŐĞĕĞƌ͘ 6RUX
'¸Q\DQ¿QIDUNO¿E²OJHOHULQGHFR½UDIL
$]WHNOHU;9YH;9,\¸]\¿OGDDQD ã0HGHQL\HWOHULQLONNXUXOGX½X
VL\DVLHNRQRPLNYHVRV\DOIDNW²UOHULQHWNLVL\OH
PHGHQL\HWOHUNXUXOPXÅYHEXPHGHQL\HWOHU
\XUWODU¿RODQ.X]H\0HNVLNDÜGDQJHOHUHN \HUOHUGHQELULHOYHULÅOLOLPDQ²]HOOLNOHUL\OH
0HNVLNDÜQ¿QRUWDYHJ¸QH\NHVLPOHULQGH $NGHQL]N¿\¿ODU¿G¿U
ELUELUOHULQLHWNLOHPLÅWLUýONPHGHQL\HWOHULQ
PHGHQL\HWNXUPXÅWXU7DU¿PGDROGXN£D ã+LQWPHGHQL\HWLYHULPOLWDU¿P
NXUXOPDV¿QGDHOYHULÅOLLNOLPÅDUWODU¿VX
JHOLÅPLÅRODQ$]WHNOHUVXODPDYHEDWDNO¿N DODQODU¿EDU¿QG¿UDQýQGXVYH*DQMQHKLUOHUL
ND\QDNODU¿YHULPOLWDU¿PWRSUDNODU¿JLEL
NXUXWPD\²QWHPOHULVD\HVLQGHJ¸£O¸ELU
FR½UDILIDNW²UOHULQHWNLOLROGX½XV²\OHQHELOLU £HYUHVLQGHNXUXOPXÅWXU
PHGHQL\HWKžOLQHJHOPLÅWLU$\U¿FD$]WHNOHULQ
%XQODU¿Q\DQ¿V¿UDWLFDULIDDOL\HWOHUWRSOXPODU ã0¿V¿UPHGHQL\HWL1LO1HKULHWUDI¿QGDNL
NHQGLOHULQH²]J¸DOIDEHGLQYHWDNYLPHVDKLS
DUDV¿HWNLOHÅLPLK¿]ODQG¿UDUDNPHGHQL\HWOHULQ YHULPOLWDÅN¿QRYDODU¿Q¿QEXOXQGX½X
ROGX½XQXV²\OHPHNP¸PN¸QG¸U0D\DODU
JHOLÅPHVLQH\DUG¿PF¿ROPXÅWXU E²OJHGHNXUXOPXÅWXU
2UWD$PHULNDÜQ¿Q<XNDWDQ<DU¿PDGDV¿ÜQGDNL
ýONPHGHQL\HWOHUJHQHORODUDNRUWDNXÅD½¿Q *|UVHO0ÕVÕUPHGHQL\HWL.DKLUH0ÕVÕU
*²UVHO0¿V¿UPHGHQL\HWL.DKLUH0¿V¿U YHULPOLWRSUDNODULOHVXND\QDNODU¿£HYUHVLQGH ãýQNDPHGHQL\HWLN¿\¿NHVLPOHUH
¿O¿PDQLNOLP²]HOOLNOHULQHVDKLSE²OJHOHUL\OH Akdeniz Medeniyeti
NXUXOPXÅWXU(NRQRPLVLWDU¿PDGD\DQDQYH J²UH\¸NVHNQHPYHV¿FDNO¿½¿QHWNLVLQLQ
YHULPOLWRSUDNODUYHVXND\QDNODU¿£HYUHVLQGHŬĚĞŶŝnj,ĂǀnjĂƐŦĕĞǀƌĞƐŝŶĚĞŬƵƌƵůŵƵƔ&ĞŶŝŬĞ͕7LJŽŶLJĂ͕>ŝĚLJĂ͕zƵŶĂŶǀĞZŽŵĂŐŝďŝŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚlerden
$NGHQL]0HGHQL\HWL ÅHKLUN¸OW¸U¸JHOLÅPLÅRODQEXPHGHQL\HWÅHKLU D]ROGX½X$QGGD½ODU¿Q¿Q\¸NVHN
NXUXOPXÅWXU0¿V¿U0H]RSRWDP\D+LQW„LQ ŽůƵƔŵĂŬƚĂĚŦƌ͘ƵŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚůĞƌŝŶĕŽŒƵ͕ƚĂƌŦŵĂůĂŶůĂƌŦŶŦŶĂnjŽůŵĂƐŦŶĚĂŶĚŽůĂLJŦĚĞŶŝnjƚŝĐĂƌĞƚŝŶĞ
GHYOHWOHULQGHQROXÅPDNWD\G¿ýQÅDHWWLNOHUL
LJƂŶĞůŵŝƔǀĞŬŽůŽŶŝůĞƌŬƵƌŵƵƔƚƵƌ͘LJƌŦĐĂďƵŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚůĞƌ͕ŐĞŵŝLJĂƉŦŵŦŝůĞĚĞŶŝnjƚĂƔŦŵĂĐŦůŦŒŦŶĚĂ NHVLPOHULQGHNXUXOPXÅWXU
YH$QDGROXPHGHQL\HWOHULJHQHOGHDNDUVX $NGHQL]+DY]DV¿£HYUHVLQGHNXUXOPXÅ
HWNLOH\LFLWDS¿QDNODUVDUD\ODUYHSLUDPLWOHUGHQ
ER\ODU¿QGDNXUXODUDNJHOLÅLPJ²VWHUPLÅWLU ďƵůƵŶĚƵŬůĂƌŦĚƂŶĞŵŝŶĞŶŝůĞƌŝƐĞǀŝLJĞƐŝŶĞƵůĂƔŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘&ĞŶŝŬĞůŝůĞƌ͕ŬƵƌŵƵƔŽůĚƵŒƵƚŝĐĂƌĞƚŬŽůŽŶŝůĞƌŝ
)HQLNHý\RQ\D/LG\D<XQDQYH5RPD
sayeƐŝŶĚĞƔĞŚŝƌůĞƌŝŶŽůƵƔŵĂƐŦŶĂĐŝĚĚŝŬĂƚŬŦƐĂŒůĂŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘LJƌŦĐĂ&ĞŶŝŬĞůŝůĞƌŝŶĚƺŶLJĂ ƵLJŐĂƌůŦŒŦŶĂ
<XNDU¿GDYHULOHQELOJLOHUJ²]²Q¸QGH
DQODÅ¿ODFD½¿¸]HUH0D\DODUPLPDULYHVDQDWWD
JLELPHGHQL\HWOHUGHQROXÅPDNWDG¿U%X
ƐƵŶŵƵƔŽůĚƵŒƵĞŶďƺLJƺŬŬĂƚŬŦ͕ďƵŐƺŶŬƺ>ĂƚŝŶĂůĨĂďĞƐŝŶŝŶƚĞŵĞůŝŶŝŽůƵƔƚƵƌĂŶĂůĨĂďĞLJŝďƵůŵĂƐŦ EXOXQGXUXOGX½XQGDDÅD½¿GDNLOHUGHQ
0H]RSRWDP\D0HGHQL\HWL JHOLÅPLÅELUPHGHQL\HWNXUPXÅWX
PHGHQL\HWOHULQ£R½XWDU¿PDODQODU¿Q¿QD]
ŽůŵƵƔƚƵƌ͘&ĞŶŝŬĞůŝůĞƌŝŶŬĚĞŶŝnj͛ĚĞŬŝĚŝŒĞƌŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚůĞƌĞƚĂŶŦƚƚŦŒŦƔĞŚŝƌůĞƔme faaliyetleri ve alfabe, KDQJLVLLONN¸OW¸UPHUNH]OHULQLQ
0H]RSRWDP\D<XQDQFDGDLNLQHKLUDUDV¿ zƵŶĂŶůŦůĂƌƚĂƌĂĨŦŶĚĂŶĚĂŚĂĚĂŐĞůŝƔƚŝƌŝůŵŝƔƚŝƌ.
ROPDV¿QGDQGROD\¿GHQL]WLFDUHWLQH\²QHOPLÅYH +LQW0HGHQL\HWL NXUXOGX½XE²OJHOHULQEHOLUOHQPHVLQGH
7ŶŬĂDĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚŝ
DQODP¿QDJHOPHNWHGLU*¸QH\GR½X7RURV NRORQLOHUNXUPXÅWXU$\U¿FDEXPHGHQL\HWOHU HWNLOLRODQELUIDNW²UGH½LOGLU"
ƺLJƺŬKŬLJĂŶƵƐΖĂƉĂƌĂůĞůƵnjĂŶĂŶŶĚĂŒůĂƌŦƺnjĞƌŝŶĚĞLJĂƔĂŵŦƔŽůĂŶ7ŶŬĂůĂƌŦŶŬƵƌƵůĚƵŒƵďƂůŐĞ *¸QH\$V\DÜGD\HUDODQ+LQW<DU¿PDGDV¿
'D½ODU¿ÜQGDQEDÅOD\DUDNJ¸QH\GH%DVUD JHPL\DS¿P¿LOHGHQL]WDÅ¿PDF¿O¿½¿QGD
ďƵŐƺŶŬƺWĞƌƵ͕bŝůŝ͕ŬǀĂĚŽƌ͕ŽůŝǀLJĂŐŝďŝƺůŬĞůĞƌŝŶƐŦŶŦƌůĂƌŦŝĕĞƌŝƐŝŶĚĞLJĞƌĂůŵĂŬƚĂĚŦƌ͘7ŶŬĂůĂƌ͕
G¸Q\DQ¿QHQHVNLPHGHQL\HWOHULQGHQELULQHHY $(NRQRPLNND\J¿ODU
.²UIH]LÜQHNDGDUX]DQDQEXDODQ)¿UDWYH'LFOH EXOXQGXNODU¿G²QHPLQHQLOHULVHYL\HVLQH
ŬǀĂƚŽƌĕĞǀƌĞƐŝŶĚĞŬƵƌƵůĚƵŒƵŶĚĂŶĚŽůĂLJŦƔĞŚŝƌǀĞŬĂůĞůĞƌŝŶŝŶĚĂŒůĂƌŦΖŶŦŶLJƺŬƐĞŬŬĞƐŝŵůĞƌŝne
VDKLSOL½L\DSPDNWDG¿UýQGXVYH*DQMQHKLUOHUL %ýNOLP²]HOOLNOHUL
XODÅP¿ÅW¿U)HQLNHOLOHUNXUPXÅROGX½XWLFDUHW
QHKLUOHULDUDV¿QGDNLE²OJH\LNDSVDPDNWDG¿U ŝŶƔĂĞƚŵŝƔƚŝƌ͘dĂƔŝƔĕŝůŝŒŝŶŝŶŐĞůŝƔŵŝƔŽůĚƵŒƵďƵŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚĞĂŝƚŵŝŵĂƌŝĞƐĞƌůĞƌĚĞŬƵƐƵƌsuz bir
£HYUHVLQGHNXUXOPXÅRODQEXPHGHQL\HWWDU¿P
ƔĞŬŝůĚĞLJŽŶƚƵůƵƉƉĂƌůĂƚŦůŵŦƔďƺLJƺŬƚĂƔďůŽŬůĂƌŬƵůůĂŶŦůŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘dĞŵĞůŐĞĕŝŵŬĂLJŶĂŒŦƚĂƌŦŵŽůĂŶ &&R½UDILNRQXP
%XUDGDNLX\JDUO¿NODU¿QJHOLÅPHVLQGH)¿UDW NRORQLOHULVD\HVLQGHÅHKLUOHULQROXÅPDV¿QDFLGGL
N¸OW¸U¸D£¿V¿QGDQFLGGLELUSRWDQVL\HOHVDKLSWLU
7ŶŬĂůĂƌ;ƂnjĞůůŝŬůĞƉĂƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƌŦŵŦͿ͕ďƵŶƵŶLJĂŶŦƐŦƌĂ'ƺŶĞƔΖŝŶŚĂƌĞŬĞƚůĞƌŝŶŝŝnjůĞŵĞĚĞƵnjŵĂŶůĂƔŵŦƔǀĞ
NDWN¿VD½ODP¿ÅW¿U$\U¿FD)HQLNHOLOHULQG¸Q\D
YH'LFOHQHKLUOHULQLQ\DQ¿V¿UDYHULPOLWDU¿P ŐƺŶĞƔƐĂĂƚŝŶŝLJĂƉŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘ ''R½DOND\QDNODU
(Q²QHPOLHNRQRPLNIDDOL\HWLQWDU¿PROGX½X
DODQODU¿LOHHOYHULÅOLLNOLPNRÅXOODU¿²QHPOL X\JDUO¿½¿QDVXQPXÅROGX½XHQE¸\¸NNDWN¿ (%LWNL²UW¸V¸ &HYDS(
+LQGLVWDQD\Q¿]DPDQGD%DKDUDW<ROXÜQXQ
ELUHWNL\HVDKLSWLU%²OJHQLQG¸]DUD]LOHUGHQ EXJ¸QN¸/DWLQDOIDEHVLQLQWHPHOLQLROXÅWXUDQ
*|UVHO0ÕVÕUPHGHQL\HWL.DKLUH0ÕVÕU EDÅODQJ¿F¿QGDEXOXQPDNWD\G¿%LU£RNGLQHHY
ROXÅPDV¿²QHPOLJ²£YHWLFDUHW\ROODU¿¸]HULQGH DOIDEH\LEXOPDV¿ROPXÅWXU)HQLNHOLOHULQ
VDKLSOL½L\DSDQEXPHGHQL\HWWHKDONÞNDVW 6RUX
EXOXQPDV¿V¿NV¿NLVWLODODUDX½UDPDV¿QDYH $NGHQL]ÜGHNLGL½HUPHGHQL\HWOHUHWDQ¿WW¿½¿
Akdeniz Medeniyeti güney kesimlerinde ŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚ ŬƵƌŵƵƔƚƵƌ͘ dĂƌŦŵĚĂ ŽůĚƵŬĕĂ ŐĞůŝƔŵŝƔ ŽůĂŶ njƚĞŬůĞƌ͕ ƐƵůĂŵĂ ǀĞ
VLVWHPLßDG¿YHULOHQV¿Q¿IODUDD\U¿OP¿ÅW¿U
ďĂƚĂŬůŦŬ $QDGROXLON£D½ODUGDQJ¸Q¸P¸]H
ŬƵƌƵƚŵĂ LJƂŶƚĞŵůĞƌŝ ƐĂLJĞƐŝŶĚĞ Őƺĕůƺ ďŝƌ ŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚ ŚąůŝŶĞ ŐĞůŵŝƔƚŝƌ. AyrŦĐĂ njƚĞŬůĞƌŝŶ
IDUNO¿N¸OW¸UOHULQEXE²OJHGH\DÅDPDV¿QD ÅHKLUOHÅPHIDDOL\HWOHULYHDOIDEH<XQDQO¿ODU
ŬĚĞŶŝnj,ĂǀnjĂƐŦĕĞǀƌĞƐŝŶĚĞŬƵƌƵůŵƵƔ&ĞŶŝŬĞ͕7LJŽŶLJĂ͕>ŝĚLJĂ͕zƵŶĂŶǀĞZŽŵĂŐŝďŝŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚlerden
ŬĞŶĚŝůĞƌŝŶĞ ƂnjŐƺ ĂůĨĂďĞ͕ ĚŝŶ ǀĞ ƚĂŬǀŝŵĞ ƐĂŚŝƉ ŽůĚƵŒƵŶƵ ƐƂLJůĞŵĞŬ ŵƺŵŬƺŶĚƺƌ͘ Mayalar, Orta
NDGDUELU£RNPHGHQL\HWHHYVDKLSOL½L
WDUDI¿QGDQGDKDGDJHOLÅWLULOPLÅWLU
QHGHQROPXÅWXU6¸PHUOHU$VXUOXODU%DELOOLOHU ŽůƵƔŵĂŬƚĂĚŦƌ͘ƵŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚůĞƌŝŶĕŽŒƵ͕ƚĂƌŦŵĂůĂŶůĂƌŦŶŦŶĂnjŽůŵĂƐŦŶĚĂŶĚŽůĂLJŦĚĞŶŝnjƚŝĐĂƌĞƚŝŶĞ„LQ0HGHQL\HWL
ŵĞƌŝŬĂ͛ŶŦŶzƵŬĂƚĂŶzĂƌŦŵĂĚĂƐŦΖŶĚĂŬŝǀĞƌŝŵůŝƚŽƉƌĂŬůĂƌŝůĞƐƵŬĂLJŶĂŬůĂƌŦĕĞǀƌĞƐŝŶĚĞŬƵƌƵůŵƵƔƚƵƌ.
$NDGODUYH(ODPODU0H]RSRWDP\DÜGDNXUXODQ LJƂŶĞůŵŝƔǀĞŬŽůŽŶŝůĞƌŬƵƌŵƵƔƚƵƌ͘LJƌŦĐĂďƵŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚůĞƌ͕ŐĞŵŝLJĂƉŦŵŦŝůĞĚĞŶŝnjƚĂƔŦŵĂĐŦůŦŒŦŶĚĂ \DSW¿½¿L£LQÛÜ0HGHQL\HWOHULQ%HÅL½LÜÜ
ŬŽŶŽŵŝƐŝ ƚĂƌŦŵĂ ĚĂLJĂŶĂŶ ǀĞ ƔĞŚŝƌ Ŭƺůƚƺƌƺ ŐĞůŝƔŵŝƔ Žůan bu medeniLJĞƚ ƔĞŚŝƌ ĚĞǀůĞƚůĞƌŝŶĚĞŶ
ûQND0HGHQL\HWL 6DU¿,UPDNYH*²N,UPDNQHKLUOHULDUDV¿QGDNL
PHGHQL\HWOHUH²UQHNYHULOHELOLU7DU¿PE²OJHGH ďƵůƵŶĚƵŬůĂƌŦĚƂŶĞŵŝŶĞŶŝůĞƌŝƐĞǀŝLJĞƐŝŶĞƵůĂƔŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘&ĞŶŝŬĞůŝůĞƌ͕ŬƵƌŵƵƔŽůĚƵŒƵƚŝĐĂƌĞƚŬŽůŽŶŝůĞƌŝ
ŽůƵƔŵĂŬƚĂLJĚŦ͘ GHQLOPHNWHGLU
7ŶƔĂ ĞƚƚŝŬůĞƌŝ ĞƚŬŝůĞLJŝĐŝ ƚĂƉŦŶĂŬůĂƌ͕ ƐĂƌĂLJůĂƌ ǀĞ ƉŝƌĂŵŝƚůĞƌĚĞŶ ĂŶůĂƔŦůĂĐĂŒŦ ƺnjĞƌĞ
sayeƐŝŶĚĞƔĞŚŝƌůĞƌŝŶŽůƵƔŵĂƐŦŶĂĐŝĚĚŝŬĂƚŬŦƐĂŒůĂŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘LJƌŦĐĂ&ĞŶŝŬĞůŝůĞƌŝŶĚƺŶLJĂYHULPOLWRSUDNODUGDNXUXOPXÅRODQEX
DĂLJĂůĂƌ͕ŵŝŵĂƌŝǀĞƐĂŶĂƚƚĂŐĞůŝƔŵŝƔďŝƌŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚŬƵƌŵƵƔƚƵ.
ƵLJŐĂƌůŦŒŦŶĂ
NXUXODQPHGHQL\HWOHUL£LQROGXN£D²QHPOLELU %¸\¸N2N\DQXVÜDSDUDOHOX]DQDQ$QG'D½ODU¿ %XQDJ²UH$QDGROXÜQXQEX²]HOOL½L
PHGHQL\HWG¸Q\DQ¿QHQHVNLX\JDUO¿NODU¿
ƐƵŶŵƵƔŽůĚƵŒƵĞŶďƺLJƺŬŬĂƚŬŦ͕ďƵŐƺŶŬƺ>ĂƚŝŶĂůĨĂďĞƐŝŶŝŶƚĞŵĞůŝŶŝŽůƵƔƚƵƌĂŶĂůĨĂďĞLJŝďƵůŵĂƐŦ
\HUHVDKLSWLU7DU¿PDX\JXQROPD\DQDUD]LOHULQ ¸]HULQGH\DÅDP¿ÅRODQýQNDODU¿QNXUXOGX½X Hint Medeniyeti ND]DQPDV¿QGDDÅD½¿GDYHULOHQOHUGHQ
ŽůŵƵƔƚƵƌ͘&ĞŶŝŬĞůŝůĞƌŝŶŬĚĞŶŝnj͛ĚĞŬŝĚŝŒĞƌŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚůĞƌĞƚĂŶŦƚƚŦŒŦƔĞŚŝƌůĞƔme faaliyetleri ve alfabe,
DUDV¿QGD\HUDOPDNWDG¿U(NRQRPLQLQGDKD£RN
WDU¿PDND]DQG¿U¿OPDV¿DG¿QDVXODPDNDQDOODU¿Görsel zƵŶĂŶůŦůĂƌƚĂƌĂĨŦŶĚĂŶĚĂŚĂĚĂŐĞůŝƔƚŝƌŝůŵŝƔƚŝƌ.
E²OJHEXJ¸QN¸3HUXÄLOL(NYDGRU%ROLY\DJLEL 'ƺŶĞLJƐLJĂ͛ĚĂLJĞƌĂůĂŶ,ŝŶƚzĂƌŦŵĂĚĂƐŦ͕ĚƺŶLJĂŶŦŶĞŶĞƐŬŝŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚůĞƌŝŶĚĞŶďŝƌŝŶĞĞǀƐĂŚŝƉůŝŒŝ
: 7ŶŬĂŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚŝ΀DĂĐŚƵWŝĐĐŚƵ;DĂĕƵWŝĕĕƵͿͬWĞƌƵ΁ KDQJLVLHWNLOLROPDP¿ÅW¿U?
WDU¿PDGD\DO¿ROGX½X„LQÜGHLSHNE²FHN£LOL½LYH
yapmakƚĂĚŦƌ͘7ŶĚƵƐǀĞ'ĂŶũŶĞŚŝƌůĞƌŝĕĞǀƌĞƐŝŶĚĞŬƵƌƵůŵƵƔŽůĂŶďƵŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚ͕ƚĂƌŦŵŬƺůƚƺƌƺ
\DS¿OP¿ÅYHEDWDNO¿NODUNXUXWXOPXÅWXU ¸ONHOHULQV¿Q¿UODU¿L£HULVLQGH\HUDOPDNWDG¿U
7ŶŬĂDĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚŝ $<HUÅHNLOOHULQLQX\JXQROPDV¿
LSHN¸UHWLPLýSHN<ROXÜQXQRUWD\D£¿NPDV¿QDYH
ĂĕŦƐŦŶĚĂŶĐŝĚĚŝďŝƌƉotansiyele sahiptir͘ŶƂŶĞŵůŝĞŬŽŶŽŵŝŬĨĂĂůŝLJĞƚŝŶƚĂƌŦŵŽůĚƵŒƵ,ŝŶĚŝƐƚĂŶ͕
0H]RSRWDP\DÜGDNXUXODQPHGHQL\HWOHUH Aztek ve Maya Medeniyeti
ýQNDODU(NYDWRU£HYUHVLQGHNXUXOGX½XQGDQ
ƺLJƺŬKŬLJĂŶƵƐΖĂƉĂƌĂůĞůƵnjĂŶĂŶŶĚĂŒůĂƌŦƺnjĞƌŝŶĚĞLJĂƔĂŵŦƔŽůĂŶ7ŶŬĂůĂƌŦŶŬƵƌƵůĚƵŒƵďƂůŐĞ
ayŶŦnjĂŵĂŶĚĂĂŚĂƌĂƚzŽůƵΖŶƵŶďĂƔůĂŶŐŦĐŦŶĚĂďƵůƵŶŵĂŬƚĂLJĚŦ͘ŝƌĕŽŬĚŝŶĞĞǀƐĂŚŝƉůŝŒŝLJĂƉĂŶďƵ
DLWPLPDULHVHUOHUGH\DS¿PDO]HPHVLRODUDN
WLFDUHWLQJHOLÅPHVLQHNDWN¿VD½ODP¿ÅW¿U$\U¿FD
Aztekler͕ysǀĞys/͘LJƺnjLJŦůĚĂĂŶĂLJƵƌƚůĂƌŦŽůĂŶ<ƵnjĞLJDĞŬƐŝŬĂ͛ĚĂŶŐĞůĞƌĞŬDĞŬƐŝŬĂ͛ŶŦŶŽƌƚĂǀĞ
GROD\¿ÅHKLUYHNDOHOHULQL$QG'D½ODU¿ÜQ¿Q %7RSUDNODU¿Q¿QYHULPOLROPDV¿
ďƵŐƺŶŬƺWĞƌƵ͕bŝůŝ͕ŬǀĂĚŽƌ͕ŽůŝǀLJĂŐŝďŝƺůŬĞůĞƌŝŶƐŦŶŦƌůĂƌŦŝĕĞƌŝƐŝŶĚĞLJĞƌĂůŵĂŬƚĂĚŦƌ͘7ŶŬĂůĂƌ͕
ŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚƚĞŚĂůŬ͕ΗŬĂƐƚƐŝƐƚĞŵŝΗĂĚŦǀĞƌŝůĞŶƐŦŶŦĨůĂƌĂĂLJƌŦůŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘
EXPHGHQL\HWEDUXWPDWEDDP¸UHNNHS &(NRQRPLNIDDOL\HWOHULQLQ£HÅLWOL
GDKD£RNNHUSL£NXOODQ¿OP¿ÅW¿U0H]RSRWDP\D \¸NVHNNHVLPOHULQHLQÅDHWPLÅWLU7DÅLÅ£LOL½LQLQ
ŬǀĂƚŽƌĕĞǀƌĞƐŝŶĚĞŬƵƌƵůĚƵŒƵŶĚĂŶĚŽůĂLJŦƔĞŚŝƌǀĞŬĂůĞůĞƌŝŶŝŶĚĂŒůĂƌŦΖŶŦŶLJƺŬƐĞŬŬĞƐŝŵůĞƌŝne
12 ÇinSXVXODNž½¿WJLELLQVDQO¿NWDULKLQH\²QYHUHQ
Medeniyeti
ŝŶƔĂĞƚŵŝƔƚŝƌ͘dĂƔŝƔĕŝůŝŒŝŶŝŶŐĞůŝƔŵŝƔŽůĚƵŒƵďƵŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚĞĂŝƚŵŝŵĂƌŝĞƐĞƌůĞƌĚĞŬƵƐƵƌsuz bir ROPDV¿
X\JDUO¿NODU¿Q¿QLQVDQO¿½DE¿UDNP¿ÅROGX½XHQ JHOLÅPLÅROGX½XEXPHGHQL\HWHDLWPLPDUL ^ĂƌŦ/ƌŵĂŬǀĞ'ƂŬ/ƌŵĂŬŶĞŚŝƌůĞƌŝĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂŬŝǀĞƌŝŵůŝƚŽƉƌĂŬůĂƌĚĂŬƵƌƵůŵƵƔ olan bu medeniyet,
ELU£RNEXOXÅXQRUWD\D£¿NPDV¿QGDHWNLOL
²QHPOLPLUDV\D]¿Q¿QEXOXQPDV¿G¿U6¸PHUOHU ƔĞŬŝůĚĞLJŽŶƚƵůƵƉƉĂƌůĂƚŦůŵŦƔďƺLJƺŬƚĂƔďůŽŬůĂƌŬƵůůĂŶŦůŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘dĞŵĞůŐĞĕŝŵŬĂLJŶĂŒŦƚĂƌŦŵŽůĂŶ
HVHUOHUGHNXVXUVX]ELUÅHNLOGH\RQWXOXS ĚƺŶLJĂŶŦŶĞŶĞƐŬŝƵLJŐĂƌůŦŬůĂƌŦĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂLJĞƌĂůŵĂŬƚĂĚŦƌ͘ŬŽŶŽŵŝŶŝŶĚĂŚĂĕŽŬƚĂƌŦŵĂĚĂLJĂůŦŽůĚƵŒƵ '6XND\QDNODU¿Q¿QHOYHULÅOLROPDV¿
ROPXÅWXU+H\NHOFLOLN£LQLFLOLNLSHNOLGRNXPD
7ŶŬĂůĂƌ;ƂnjĞůůŝŬůĞƉĂƚĂƚĞƐƚĂƌŦŵŦͿ͕ďƵŶƵŶLJĂŶŦƐŦƌĂ'ƺŶĞƔΖŝŶŚĂƌĞŬĞƚůĞƌŝŶŝŝnjůĞŵĞĚĞƵnjŵĂŶůĂƔŵŦƔǀĞ
%XVD\HGHELOJLYHN¸OW¸U¸QN¸UHVHOED]GD
ŐƺŶĞƔƐĂĂƚŝŶŝLJĂƉŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘
DNWDU¿OPDV¿NROD\ODÅP¿ÅWRSOXPODUDUDV¿
HWNLOHÅLPGH²QHPOLDÅDPDODUND\GHGLOPLÅWLU
0¿V¿U0HGHQL\HWL
0¿V¿U$IULNDÜQ¿QNX]H\GR½XVXQGD1LO
1HKUL£HYUHVLQGHNXUXOPXÅELUPHGHQL\HWWLU
.XUXOPDV¿QGD1LO1HKULYHRQXQROXÅWXUGX½X
YHULPOLWRSUDNODULOHV¿FDNLNOLPNRÅXOODU¿HWNLOL
ROPXÅWXU(WUDI¿Q¿Q£²OYHGHQL]OHUOH£HYULOL
ROPDV¿GL½HUPHGHQL\HWOHUOHHWNLOHÅLPLQL
SDUODW¿OP¿ÅE¸\¸NWDÅEORNODUNXOODQ¿OP¿ÅW¿U
ŝŶ͛ĚĞŝƉĞŬďƂĐĞŬĕŝůŝŒŝǀĞŝƉĞŬƺƌĞƚŝŵŝ͕7ƉĞŬzŽůƵΖŶƵŶŽƌƚĂLJĂĕŦŬŵĂƐŦŶĂǀĞƚŝĐĂƌĞƚŝŶŐĞůŝƔŵĞƐŝŶĞ (ýNOLPNRÅXOODU¿Q¿QX\JXQROPDV¿
YHPLPDULGHVRQGHUHFHJHOLÅPLÅRODQ„LQOLOHU
ŬĂƚŬŦƐĂŒůĂŵŦƔƚŦƌ͘LJƌŦĐĂďƵŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚ͖ďĂrut, matďĂĂ͕ŵƺƌĞŬŬĞƉ͕ƉƵƐƵůĂ͕ŬąŒŦƚŐŝďŝŝŶƐĂŶůŦŬ
&HYDS&
G¸Q\DQ¿QHQX]XQVDYXQPDGXYDU¿RODQ„LQ
ƚĂƌŝŚŝŶĞLJƂŶǀĞƌĞŶďŝƌĕŽŬďƵůƵƔƵŶŽƌƚĂLJĂĕŦŬŵĂƐŦŶĚĂĞƚŬŝůŝŽůŵƵƔƚƵƌ͘,ĞLJŬĞůĐŝůŝŬ͕ĕŝŶŝĐŝůŝŬ͕ŝƉĞŬůŝ
ĚŽŬƵŵĂǀĞŵŝŵĂƌŝĚĞƐŽŶĚĞƌĞĐĞŐĞůŝƔŵŝƔŽůĂŶŝŶůŝůĞƌ͕ĚƺŶLJĂŶŦŶĞŶƵnjƵŶƐĂǀƵŶŵĂĚƵǀĂƌŦŽůĂŶŝŶ
6HGGLÜQLLQÅDHGHUHNN¸OW¸UHOPLUDVDFLGGLELU
Seddi'nŝŝŶƔĂĞĚĞƌĞŬŬƺůƚƺƌĞůŵŝƌĂƐĂĐŝĚĚŝďŝƌŬĂƚŬŦĚĂďƵůƵŶŵƵƔtur.
NDWN¿GDEXOXQPXÅWXU 6RUX
ýON„D½X\JDUO¿NODU¿JHQHORODUDN
RUWDNXÅD½¿Q¿O¿PDQLNOLPE²OJHOHULQGH
NXUXOPXÅWXU
%XQDJ²UHDÅD½¿GDNLX\JDUO¿NODUGDQ
KDQJLVLEXJHQHOOHPH\HX\PDPDNWDG¿U?
$0¿V¿U %„LQ
D]DOWDUDNNHQGLQH²]J¸YHX]XQ²P¸UO¸ELU
PHGHQL\HWROPDV¿Q¿VD½ODP¿ÅW¿U7DU¿PEX &)HQLNH '<XQDQ
Görsel : 7ŶŬĂŵĞĚĞŶŝLJĞƚŝ΀DĂĐŚƵWŝĐĐŚƵ;DĂĕƵWŝĕĕƵͿͬWĞƌƵ΁ (ýQND &HYDS&
G²QHPGH0¿V¿UKDON¿Q¿QHQ²QHPOLJH£LP *²UVHOûQNDPHGHQL\HWL
ND\QD½¿\G¿1LO1HKULÜQLQWDÅPD]DPDQODU¿Q¿ >0DFKX3LFFKX0D£X3L££X3HUX@ Görsel : Çin medeniyeti (Çin*²UVHO„LQPHGHQL\HWL„LQ6HGGL
Aztek ve Maya Medeniyeti
Seddi)