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12͘^ŦŶŦĨ;13. Ders)
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Elementinin Özellikleri
Ders Kimya
zĂLJŦŶdĂƌŝŚŝ 31 ƌĂůŦŬϮϬϮϬ
ŵĂƌĂƐŦ ϲ ŽůĂŶ
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12͘^ŦŶŦĨ;13. ƚĂďůŽŶƵŶ ϰ ŐƌƵďƵŶĚĂ DOORWURSPDGGHOHULQIL]LNVHO
Karbon Elementinin Özellikleri
Konu “]HOOLNOHUL
ƌďŽŶ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶŝŶ ϰ ƚĂŶĞ ĚĞŒĞƌůŝŬ ĞůĞŬƚƌŽŶƵ ǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘
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ŵĞŶƚŝ ĚĞŒĞƌůŝŬ
zĂLJŦŶdĂƌŝŚŝ $WRPQXPDUDV¿RODQYHSH-
ƚŽŵ ŶƵŵĂƌĂƐŦ ϲ ŽůĂŶ ǀĞ ƉĞƌŝLJŽĚŝŬ ƚĂďůŽŶƵŶ ϰ ŐƌƵďƵŶĚĂ
31 ĞůĞŬƚƌŽŶůĂƌŦŶŦ
ƌĂůŦŬϮϬϮϬ ĂLJŶŦ LJĂ ĚĂ ĨĂƌŬůŦ ELUELULQGHQIDUNO¿G¿U&DQO¿O¿½¿Q
ďƵůƵŶĂŶ ŬĂƌďŽŶ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶŝŶ ϰ ƚĂŶĞ ĚĞŒĞƌůŝŬ ĞůĞŬƚƌŽŶƵ ǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘
ƌƚĂŬůĂƔĂ UL\RGLNWDEORQXQ$JUXEXQGD
ŬƵůůĂŶĂƌĂŬ
Karbon Elementinin ϰ ƚĂŶĞ
Özellikleri ŬŽǀĂůĞŶƚ ďĂŒ LJĂƉĂƌ͘ Ƶ WHPHO\DS¿WDÅODU¿QGDQELULRODQ
<ĂƌďŽŶ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝ ĚĞŒĞƌůŝŬ ĞůĞŬƚƌŽŶůĂƌŦŶŦ ĂLJŶŦ LJĂ ĚĂ ĨĂƌŬůŦ
s EXOXQDQNDUERQHOHPHQWLQLQ
Kimya
ŽůĂďŝůĞĐĞŒŝŐŝďŝŝŬŝůŝLJĂĚĂƺĕůƺŽůĂďŝůŝƌ͘
ƚŽŵ ŶƵŵĂƌĂƐŦ ĂƚŽŵůĂƌůĂ ŽƌƚĂŬůĂƔĂƚĂďůŽŶƵŶ
ϲ ŽůĂŶ ǀĞ ƉĞƌŝLJŽĚŝŬ ŬƵůůĂŶĂƌĂŬ ϰ ƚĂŶĞ ŬŽǀĂůĞŶƚ ďĂŒ LJĂƉĂƌ͘ Ƶ
ϰ ŐƌƵďƵŶĚĂ
NDUERQXQHOPDVYHJUDILWJLEL
Ĩ WDQHGH½HUOLNHOHNWURQXYDU-
ďƵůƵŶĂŶ ŬĂƌďŽŶ12͘^ŦŶŦĨ;13. ϰDers)
ďĂŒůĂƌƚĞŬůŝŽůĂďŝůĞĐĞŒŝŐŝďŝŝŬŝůŝLJĂĚĂƺĕůƺŽůĂďŝůŝƌ͘
ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶŝŶ ƚĂŶĞ ĚĞŒĞƌůŝŬ ĞůĞŬƚƌŽŶƵ ǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘ GR½DOIXOOHUHQYHJUDIHQJLEL
uĞŵĞŶƚŝĚŝŒĞƌĂƚŽŵǀĞLJĂĂƚŽŵŐƌƵƉůĂƌŦLJůĂĕŽŬƐĂLJŦĚĂ
<ĂƌďŽŶ G¿U.DUERQHOHPHQWLGH½HUOLN
ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝK)<ZKE
ĚĞŒĞƌůŝŬ ĞůĞŬƚƌŽŶůĂƌŦŶŦ ĂLJŶŦ LJĂ ĚĂ ĨĂƌŬůŦ ODERUDWXYDURUWDP¿QGDROXÅWX-
ŝƌ͘ <ĂƌďŽŶ ĂƚŽŵƵ <ĂƌďŽŶĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝĚŝŒĞƌĂƚŽŵǀĞLJĂĂƚŽŵŐƌƵƉůĂƌŦLJůĂĕŽŬƐĂLJŦĚĂ
Ěƺnj ǀĞ ĚĂůůĂŶŵŦƔ njŝŶĐŝƌůŝ͕
ĂƚŽŵůĂƌůĂ
ŶdĂƌŝŚŝ ŽƌƚĂŬůĂƔĂ ŬƵůůĂŶĂƌĂŬ ϰ ƚĂŶĞ ŬŽǀĂůĞŶƚ ďĂŒ LJĂƉĂƌ͘ŚĂůŬĂůŦ͕
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31ďĂŒ
ƌĂůŦŬϮϬϮϬ
LJĂƉĂďŝůŝƌ͘ <ĂƌďŽŶ ĂƚŽŵƵ Ěƺnj ǀĞ ĚĂůůĂŶŵŦƔ njŝŶĐŝƌůŝ͕ ŚĂůŬĂůŦ͕ UXOPXÅ\DSD\DOORWURSODU¿YDUG¿U
ƉŦLJĂƐĂŚŝƉĕŽŬƐĂLJŦĚĂďŝůĞƔŝŬŽůƵƔƚƵƌƵƌ.
ďĂŒůĂƌƚĞŬůŝŽůĂďŝůĞĐĞŒŝŐŝďŝŝŬŝůŝLJĂĚĂƺĕůƺŽůĂďŝůŝƌ͘
DWRPODUODRUWDNODÅDNXOODQDUDN
Karbon Elementinin ĂƌŽŵĂƚŝŬLJĂƉŦLJĂƐĂŚŝƉĕŽŬƐĂLJŦĚĂďŝůĞƔŝŬŽůƵƔƚƵƌƵƌ.
Özellikleri %X\DSD\DOORWURSODUNDUERQ
<ĂƌďŽŶĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝĚŝŒĞƌĂƚŽŵǀĞLJĂĂƚŽŵŐƌƵƉůĂƌŦLJůĂĕŽŬƐĂLJŦĚĂ
ƚŽŵLJĂƉĂďŝůŝƌ͘
ďĂŒ ŶƵŵĂƌĂƐŦWDQHNRYDOHQWED½\DSDU%X
ϲ ŽůĂŶ ǀĞ
<ĂƌďŽŶ ƉĞƌŝLJŽĚŝŬ
ĂƚŽŵƵ ƚĂďůŽŶƵŶ
Ěƺnj ǀĞ ϰ njŝŶĐŝƌůŝ͕
ĚĂůůĂŶŵŦƔ ŐƌƵďƵŶĚĂ ŚĂůŬĂůŦ͕ DWRPODU¿Q¿QIDUNO¿ÅHNLOOHUGH
ƵŶĂŶ ŬĂƌďŽŶED½ODUWHNOLRODELOHFH½LJLELLNLOL
ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶŝŶ ϰ ƚĂŶĞ ĚĞŒĞƌůŝŬ ĞůĞŬƚƌŽŶƵ ǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘
ĂƌŽŵĂƚŝŬLJĂƉŦLJĂƐĂŚŝƉĕŽŬƐĂLJŦĚĂďŝůĞƔŝŬŽůƵƔƚƵƌƵƌ. GL]LOPHVLWHPHOLQGHROXÅWXUXO-
ŶůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŦ
ďŽŶ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝ ĚĞŒĞƌůŝŬ <ĂƌďŽŶƵŶůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŦ
ĞůĞŬƚƌŽŶůĂƌŦŶŦ ĂLJŶŦ LJĂ ĚĂ ĨĂƌŬůŦ <ĂƌďŽŶĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶŝŶŽůƵƔƚƵƌĚƵŒƵďĂnjŦďŝůĞƔŝŬůĞƌ
<ĂƌďŽŶĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶŝŶŽůƵƔƚƵƌĚƵŒƵďĂnjŦďŝůĞƔŝŬůĞƌ
.DUERQHOHPHQWLQLQROX¥WXUGXŸXED]¡ELOH¥LNOHU
\DGD¸£O¸RODELOLU
ŵůĂƌůĂ ŽƌƚĂŬůĂƔĂ ŬƵůůĂŶĂƌĂŬ ϰ ƚĂŶĞ ŬŽǀĂůĞŶƚ ďĂŒ LJĂƉĂƌ͘ Ƶ
PDNWDG¿U7HNQRORMLQLQJHOLÅPH-
AyŶŦƚƺƌĂƚŽŵůĂƌŦŶĨĂƌŬůŦƐĂLJŦǀĞĚŝnjŝůŝƔƚĞďŝƌĂƌĂLJĂŐĞůŵĞƐŝLJůĞŽůƵƔĂŶŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌĞallotrop ĚĞŶŝƌ͘LJŶŦƚƺƌĂƚŽŵĚĂŶŽůƵƔŵĂůĂƌŦŶĂ
.DUERQHOHPHQWLGL½HUDWRP
ŽŵůĂƌŦŶĨĂƌŬůŦƐĂLJŦǀĞĚŝnjŝůŝƔƚĞďŝƌĂƌĂLJĂŐĞůŵĞƐŝLJůĞŽůƵƔĂŶŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌĞallotrop
ĂƌƚĞŬůŝŽůĂďŝůĞĐĞŒŝŐŝďŝŝŬŝůŝLJĂĚĂƺĕůƺŽůĂďŝůŝƌ͘
<ĂƌďŽŶƵŶůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŦ
ĚĞŶŝƌ͘LJŶŦƚƺƌĂƚŽŵĚĂŶŽůƵƔŵĂůĂƌŦŶĂ
.DUERQXQ$OORWURSODU¿
<ĂƌďŽŶĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶŝŶŽůƵƔƚƵƌĚƵŒƵďĂnjŦďŝůĞƔŝŬůĞƌ VL\OHELUOLNWHEXDOORWURSODUGDQ
ƌĂŒŵĞŶĂůůŽƚƌŽƉŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌŝŶĨŝnjŝŬƐĞůǀĞďĂnjŦŬŝŵLJĂƐĂůƂnjĞůůŝŬůĞƌŝďŝƌďŝƌŝŶĚĞŶĨĂƌŬůŦĚŦƌ͘ ĂŶůŦůŦŒŦŶƚĞŵĞůLJĂƉŦƚĂƔůĂƌŦŶĚĂŶďŝƌŝŽůan
YH\DDWRPJUXSODU¿\OD£RNVD\¿GD
ƚƌŽƉŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌŝŶĨŝnjŝŬƐĞůǀĞďĂnjŦŬŝŵLJĂƐĂůƂnjĞůůŝŬůĞƌŝďŝƌďŝƌŝŶĚĞŶĨĂƌŬůŦĚŦƌ͘
ĂƌďŽŶĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝĚŝŒĞƌĂƚŽŵǀĞLJĂĂƚŽŵŐƌƵƉůĂƌŦLJůĂĕŽŬƐĂLJŦĚĂ ĂŶůŦůŦŒŦŶƚĞŵĞůLJĂƉŦƚĂƔůĂƌŦŶĚĂŶďŝƌŝŽůan
ŬĂƌďŽŶƵŶĞůŵĂƐǀĞŐƌĂĨŝƚŐŝďŝĚŽŒĂů͕ĨƵůůĞƌĞŶǀĞŐƌĂĨĞŶŐŝďŝůĂďŽƌĂƚƵǀĂƌŽƌƚĂŵŦŶĚĂŽůƵƔƚƵƌƵůŵƵƔLJĂƉĂLJĂůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŦǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘
AyŶŦƚƺƌĂƚŽŵůĂƌŦŶĨĂƌŬůŦƐĂLJŦǀĞĚŝnjŝůŝƔƚĞďŝƌĂƌĂLJĂŐĞůŵĞƐŝLJůĞŽůƵƔĂŶŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌĞallotrop ĚĞŶŝƌ͘LJŶŦƚƺƌĂƚŽŵĚĂŶŽůƵƔŵĂůĂƌŦŶĂ
NDUERQQDQRW¸SJLEL\HQLPDGGHOHU
ED½\DSDELOLU.DUERQDWRPXG¸]YH
LJĂƉĂďŝůŝƌ͘ <ĂƌďŽŶ ĂƚŽŵƵ Ěƺnj ǀĞ ĚĂůůĂŶŵŦƔ njŝŶĐŝƌůŝ͕ ŚĂůŬĂůŦ͕
ƌĂŒŵĞŶĂůůŽƚƌŽƉŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌŝŶĨŝnjŝŬƐĞůǀĞďĂnjŦŬŝŵLJĂƐĂůƂnjĞůůŝŬůĞƌŝďŝƌďŝƌŝŶĚĞŶĨĂƌŬůŦĚŦƌ͘ $\Q¿W¸UDWRPODU¿QIDUNO¿VD\¿YH
ůŵĂƐǀĞŐƌĂĨŝƚŐŝďŝĚŽŒĂů͕ĨƵůůĞƌĞŶǀĞŐƌĂĨĞŶŐŝďŝůĂďŽƌĂƚƵǀĂƌŽƌƚĂŵŦŶĚĂŽůƵƔƚƵƌƵůŵƵƔLJĂƉĂLJĂůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŦǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘
ĂŶůŦůŦŒŦŶƚĞŵĞůLJĂƉŦƚĂƔůĂƌŦŶĚĂŶďŝƌŝŽůan ¸UHWLOPHNWHGLU*¸Q¸P¸]GHNDUERQ
ƵLJĂƉĂLJĂůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŬĂƌďŽŶĂƚŽŵůĂƌŦŶŦŶĨĂƌŬůŦƔĞŬŝůůĞƌĚĞĚŝnjŝůŵĞƐŝƚĞŵĞůŝŶĚĞŽůƵƔƚƵƌƵůŵĂŬƚĂĚŦƌ͘
ŵĂƚŝŬLJĂƉŦLJĂƐĂŚŝƉĕŽŬƐĂLJŦĚĂďŝůĞƔŝŬŽůƵƔƚƵƌƵƌ. dĞŬŶŽůŽũŝŶŝŶŐĞůŝƔŵĞƐŝLJůĞďŝƌůŝŬƚĞ
GDOODQP¿Å]LQFLUOLKDONDO¿DURPD- GL]LOLÅWHELUDUD\DJHOPHVL\OHROXÅDQ
ŬĂƌďŽŶƵŶĞůŵĂƐǀĞŐƌĂĨŝƚŐŝďŝĚŽŒĂů͕ĨƵůůĞƌĞŶǀĞŐƌĂĨĞŶŐŝďŝůĂďŽƌĂƚƵǀĂƌŽƌƚĂŵŦŶĚĂŽůƵƔƚƵƌƵůŵƵƔLJĂƉĂLJĂůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŦǀĂƌĚŦƌ͘ DOORWURSODU¿YHEXQODUGDQ¸UHWLOHQ
ŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŬĂƌďŽŶĂƚŽŵůĂƌŦŶŦŶĨĂƌŬůŦƔĞŬŝůůĞƌĚĞĚŝnjŝůŵĞƐŝƚĞŵĞůŝŶĚĞŽůƵƔƚƵƌƵůŵĂŬƚĂĚŦƌ͘
ďƵĂůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌĚĂŶŬĂƌďŽŶŶĂŶŽƚƺƉŐŝďŝLJĞŶŝŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌƺƌĞƚŝůŵĞŬƚĞĚŝƌ͘ 'ƺŶƺŵƺnjĚĞŬĂƌďŽŶĂůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŦ dĞŬŶŽůŽũŝŶŝŶŐĞůŝƔŵĞƐŝLJůĞďŝƌůŝŬƚĞ
ǀĞďƵŶůĂƌĚĂŶƺƌĞƚŝůĞŶLJĞŶŝ
WLN\DS¿\DVDKLS£RNVD\¿GDELOHÅLN PDGGHOHUHDOORWURSGHQLU$\Q¿W¸U
ƵLJĂƉĂLJĂůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŬĂƌďŽŶĂƚŽŵůĂƌŦŶŦŶĨĂƌŬůŦƔĞŬŝůůĞƌĚĞĚŝnjŝůŵĞƐŝƚĞŵĞůŝŶĚĞŽůƵƔƚƵƌƵůŵĂŬƚĂĚŦƌ͘
ŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌĨĂƌŬůŦĂůĂŶůĂƌĚĂLJŽŒƵŶďŝƌƔĞŬŝůĚĞŬƵůůĂŶŦůŵĂŬƚĂĚŦƌ. dĞŬŶŽůŽũŝŶŝŶŐĞůŝƔŵĞƐŝLJůĞďŝƌůŝŬƚĞ \HQLPDGGHOHUIDUNO¿DODQODUGD\R-
ĂƌĚĂŶŬĂƌďŽŶŶĂŶŽƚƺƉŐŝďŝLJĞŶŝŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌƺƌĞƚŝůŵĞŬƚĞĚŝƌ͘ 'ƺŶƺŵƺnjĚĞŬĂƌďŽŶĂůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŦ
<ĂƌďŽŶĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶŝŶŽůƵƔƚƵƌĚƵŒƵďĂnjŦďŝůĞƔŝŬůĞƌ ǀĞďƵŶůĂƌĚĂŶƺƌĞƚŝůĞŶLJĞŶŝ
ĂƌďŽŶƵŶůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŦ
ďƵĂůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌĚĂŶŬĂƌďŽŶŶĂŶŽƚƺƉŐŝďŝLJĞŶŝŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌƺƌĞƚŝůŵĞŬƚĞĚŝƌ͘
ROXÅWXUXU DWRPGDQROXÅPDODU¿QDUD½PHQ
'ƺŶƺŵƺnjĚĞŬĂƌďŽŶĂůůŽƚƌŽƉůĂƌŦ ǀĞďƵŶůĂƌĚĂŶƺƌĞƚŝůĞŶLJĞŶŝ
½XQELUÅHNLOGHNXOODQ¿OPDNWDG¿U
ĂƌŬůŦĂůĂŶůĂƌĚĂLJŽŒƵŶďŝƌƔĞŬŝůĚĞŬƵůůĂŶŦůŵĂŬƚĂĚŦƌ.
ŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌĨĂƌŬůŦĂůĂŶůĂƌĚĂLJŽŒƵŶďŝƌƔĞŬŝůĚĞŬƵůůĂŶŦůŵĂŬƚĂĚŦƌ.
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