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ƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƚƚĞĚ Žƌ ƵƚŝůŝƐĞĚ ŝŶ ĂŶLJ ĨŽƌŵ Žƌ ďLJ ĂŶLJ ŵĞĂŶƐ͕ ĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐ Žƌ ŵĞĐŚĂŶŝĐĂů͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƉŚŽƚŽĐŽƉLJŝŶŐ͕
ƌĞĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ Žƌ ŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝŽƌ ǁƌŝƚƚĞŶ ƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƵďůŝƐŚĞƌ͕ Žƌ ĂƐ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ ďLJ ůĂǁ͕ Žƌ
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ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚ ŶĂŵĞƐ͕ ƉŝĐƚƵƌĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ŝĐŽŶƐ ƵƐĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ Ŭ ĂƌĞ ƚƌĂĚĞŵĂƌŬƐ͕ ƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚ ƚƌĂĚĞŵĂƌŬƐ Žƌ ƚƌĂĚĞ ŶĂŵĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŝǀĞ ŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͘
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ŶLJ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚ Žƌ ǀĞŶĚŽƌ ŵĞŶƚŝŽŶĞĚ
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ǀŝƚĂů ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐ ŽĨ Ă ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͘ Ɛ ǁĞ ŬŶŽǁ͕ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ ŝƐ ĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ Ăƚ Ă ĨĂƐƚ ƉĂĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐŽ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͘ ,ĞŶĐĞ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŝŵƉĞƌĂƚŝǀĞ ĨŽƌ ƵƐ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ŽƵƌ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ŵĂƚĐŚ ƚŚŝƐ ƉĂĐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂůƐŽ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ƚŚĞŵ
ŝŶĐƵůĐĂƚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌŝƐƚŝĐ ƐŬŝůůƐ ĂŶĚ ŵŝŶĚƐĞƚ͘
dŽ ŵĂŬĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ƌĞĂĚLJ ƚŽ ĨĂĐĞ ƚŚĞ ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ƐƚĂLJ ƚƵŶĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƵŶƉƌĞĐĞĚĞŶƚĞĚ
ũŽƵƌŶĞLJ ŽĨ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͕ EĂƚŝŽŶĂů ĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶ WŽůŝĐLJ ϮϬϮϬ ŚĂƐ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ƐŬŝůůƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ůĞĂƌŶƚ ďLJ
ƚŚĞŵ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƐŬŝůůƐ ǁŝůů ŚĞůƉ ƚŚĞŵ ŝŶ ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů͕ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƚŝǀĞ͕ ĂĚĂƉƚĂďůĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝǀĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ
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ŶǀŝƐĂŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ǀŝƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ EĂƚŝŽŶĂů ĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶ WŽůŝĐLJ ϮϬϮϬ͕ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ŽĚĞ /͕ Ă ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ͕
ĞdžŚĂƵƐƚŝǀĞ ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĐůĂƐƐĞƐ ϭ ƚŽ ϴ͘ dŚŝƐ ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ŝƐ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ůĂƚĞƐƚ ƐŽĨƚǁĂƌĞ ƉĂĐŬĂŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŶŐ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ DŝĐƌŽƐŽĨƚ KĨĨŝĐĞ ϮϬϭϵ ĂŶĚ tŝŶĚŽǁƐ ϭϬ͘ ϭϬ dŚŝƐ ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ĐĂŶ ĂůƐŽ ďĞ ƵƐĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ
DŝĐƌŽƐŽĨƚ KĨĨŝĐĞ ϮϬϭϲ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĞƉƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚLJƚLJ ƚŽ ďĞ ĚŽŶĞ
ĚŽŶ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϲ ĂƌĞ ŐŝǀĞŶ ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞůLJ͕ ŝĨ
ƚŚĞLJ ĚŝĨĨĞƌ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĞƉƐ ƵƐĞĚ ŝŶ KĨĨŝĐĞ ϮϬϭϵ͘
dŚŝƐ ƐĞƌŝĞƐ ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐ ĨŝǀĞ ƐĞĐƚŝŽŶƐ͗
y ŝŐŝƚĂů >ŝƚĞƌĂĐLJ͗ dŚŝƐ ƐĞĐƚŝŽŶ ǁŽƵůĚ ĚŝƐĐĞƌŶ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ
ĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŵ
ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ ŝŶ ĚĂLJͲƚŽͲĚĂLJ ůŝĨĞ͘

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ŽŵƉƵƚĂƚŝŽŶĂů dŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͗ dŽ ŝŶĐƵůĐĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ƐŬŝůůƐ


ŵƉƵƚĞƌ ƐƵďũĞĐƚ ĂƐ Ă ƚŽŽů͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ

Ɛ ŽĨ ƉƌŽďůĞŵͲƐŽůǀŝŶŐ
ƉƌŽďůĞŵͲƐŽůǀŝŶŐ ĂŵŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ
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ĐƚŝŽŶ͕ ůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵ͕ ĞƚĐ͘
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ĞĂƌů ĂŐĞ ŚĞůƉƐ ƚŚĞŵ ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ
ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝĚĞĂƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ
ĞĂƚĞ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ ƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ͘
ĐŽŵ /ƚ ĞŵƉŽǁĞƌƐ ƚŚĞŵ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůLJ ƚŽ ƵƐĞ
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͕ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ŝƚ͘ <ĞĞƉŝŶŐ ƚŚŝƐ ŝŶ ŵŝŶĚ͕
ŵ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚŝǀĞ ĨƵŶͲďĂƐĞĚ ĐŽĚŝŶŐ
ĨŽƌ Ăůů ůĞǀĞůƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ^ĐƌĂƚĐŚ
^ĐƌĂƚĐ :ƌ ĂŶĚ ^ĐƌĂƚĐŚ
^Đƌ ĨƌŽŵ ĐůĂƐƐ Ϯ ƚŽ ϱ͖ WLJƚŚŽŶ ǁŝƚŚ ŐĂŵŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ 'h/ͲďĂƐĞĚ
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y ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂů /ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ;/Ϳ͗ <ŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ
<ŶŽǁůĞĚ ŽĨ ƌƚŝĨŝĐŝĂů ŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ŝƐ ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ ŵŽƌĞ ĂŶĚ ŵŽƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĂƐ
ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŽ ďĞ /ͲƌĞĂĚLJ
ͲƌĞĂĚLJ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘ dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ / ĨƌŽŵ
ĐůĂƐƐ ϭ ŽŶǁĂƌĚƐ ŝŶ Ă ĨƵŶ ĂŶĚ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ
ŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ŵĂŶŶĞƌ͘
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ŶƚĞƌ ůŝƚĞƌĂĐLJ ĂŶĚ ƚŚƌŽǁƐ ůŝŐŚƚ ŽŶ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĐLJďĞƌĐƌŝŵĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ĐLJďĞƌ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞďLJ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐŝŶŐ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ŐŽŽĚ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ĐŝƚŝnjĞŶƐ͘
dŽ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ Ă ǀŝƐƵĂůůLJ ĂƉƉĞĂůŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĞĂƐLJ ƚŽ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ Ŭ͕ ǁĞ ŚĂǀĞ ĂƌƚĨƵůůLJ ĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚ ƚŚĞ ůĂƚĞƐƚ
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