Central Limit

Theorem
Cornerstone of Statistics
 Most Essential Learning Competencies

01 (M11/12SP-IIIe-2) 02 (M11/12SP-IIIe-3)

illustrate the Central Limit define the sampling

Theorem; distribution of the sample
mean using the Central Limit
Theorem; and
03 (M11/12SP-IIIf-1)

solve problems involving

sampling distributions of the
sample mean.
 Theorem 1 Theorem 2
Central Limit
Theorem As the sample size n increases,
the sampling distribution of
the sample mean approaches
a normal distribution.

Theorem 3 Theorem 4

σ2 =σ
2
σ 𝒙ഥ = σ𝑛
𝒙ҧ 𝑛
 n≥30
make n
sufficiently
large
good estimate of
population mean
 Central Limit Theorem is
important because it teaches
researchers to use a limited
sample to make intelligent and
accurate conclusions about a
greater population.
A way to present and organize
our wonderful ideas.
 Central Limit
Theorem

It justifies the use of

this formula when
computing for the
probability that
𝑿ഥ will take a value

Probability of 𝑋ത
within a given range
in the sampling
ഥ.
distribution of 𝑿
1 Problem

Suppose that the average age of the people

living in a Barangay is 34 with a standard
deviation of 4. If 100 residents of a certain
Barangay decided to take summer outing after
COVID-19 pandemic and Enhanced
Community Quarantine has been lifted for
bonding and relaxation, what is the probability
that the average age of these residents is less
than 35?
2 Problem

Assume that the variable is normally distributed, the average time it

takes a group of senior high school students to complete a certain
examination is 46.2 minutes while the standard deviation is 8
minutes. What is the probability that a randomly selected senior
high school students will complete the examination in less than 43
minutes?

a. If 50 randomly selected senior high school students take the

examination, what is the probability that the mean time it takes the
group to complete the test will be less than 43 minutes? Does it
seem reasonable that the mean of the 50 senior high school
students could be less than 43 minutes?
 Example
Assume that the variable is Solutions:
normally distributed, the
average time it takes a group of 1. Identify the given.
senior high school students to Given: 𝝁= 46.2 𝝈= 8 ഥ= 43
𝒙
complete a certain examination
is 46.2 minutes while the 2. Use the formula to find the z-score.
standard deviation is 8 minutes.
What is the probability that a
𝑥ҧ − 𝜇 43 − 46.2
𝑍= = = −0.40
randomly selected senior high 𝜎 8
school students will complete
the examination in less than 43 3. Use the z-table to look up the z-score you
minutes? calculated in step 2. Z-Table
𝒛 = −𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 has a corresponding area of 0.1554

Step 4
Previous slide
Solutions:
4. Draw a graph and plot the z-score and
its corresponding area. Then, shade the
part that you’re looking for.

5. Compute the probability less than z = - 0.4 .

𝒙 < 𝟒𝟑) = 0.5 − 0.1554
𝑷(ഥ
= 0.3446 ∴Therefore, the probability that a randomly
= 34.46% selected senior high school student will
complete the examination in less than 43
minutes is 34.46%. Yes, it is reasonable to finish
the exam in less than 43 minutes since the
probability is more than 1.
2 Problem

Assume that the variable is normally distributed, the average time it

takes a group of senior high school students to complete a certain
examination is 46.2 minutes while the standard deviation is 8
minutes. What is the probability that a randomly selected senior
high school students will complete the examination in less than 43
minutes? Does it seem reasonable that a senior high school student
would finish the examination in less than 43 minutes?

a. If 50 randomly selected senior high school students take the

examination, what is the probability that the mean time it takes the
group to complete the test will be less than 43 minutes? Does it
seem reasonable that the mean of the 50 senior high school
students could be less than 43 minutes?
 Example
a. If 50 randomly selected Solutions:
senior high school students 1. Identify the given.
take the examination, what Given: 𝝁= 46.2 𝝈= 8 ഥ= 43
𝒙 𝒏= 50
is the probability that the
mean time it takes the 2. Use the formula to find the z-score.
group to complete the test 𝑥ҧ − 𝜇 43 − 46.2
𝑍= 𝜎 = = −2.83
will be less than 43 8
minutes? Does it seem 𝑛 50
reasonable that the mean
3. Use the z-table to look up the z-score you
of the 50 senior high
calculated in step 2. Z-Table
school students could be 𝒛 = −𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 has a corresponding area of 0.4977
less than 43 minutes?
Step 4
Previous slide
Solutions:
4. Draw a graph and plot the z-score and
its corresponding area. Then, shade the
part that you’re looking for.

5. Compute the probability less than z = -2.83.

𝒙 < 𝟒𝟑) = 0.5 − 0.4977
𝑷(ഥ
= 0.0023 ∴Therefore, the probability that a randomly
= 0.23% selected 50 senior high school students will
complete the examination in less than 43
minutes is 0.23%. No, it’s not reasonable since
the probability is less than 1.
3 Problem

An electrical company claims that the

average life of the bulbs it manufactures is
1 200 hours with a standard deviation of
250 hours. If a random sample of 100
bulbs is chosen, what is the probability
that the sample mean will be between
1150 hours and 1 250 hours?
 Example Solutions:
2. An electrical company claims 1. Identify the given.
that the average life of the bulbs ഥ= 1150 𝒏= 100
Given: 𝝁= 1200 𝝈= 250 𝒙
it manufactures is 1 200 hours & 1250
with a standard deviation of 250 2. Use the formula to find the z-score.
hours. If a random sample of ഥ − 𝝁 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝒙
𝒁= 𝝈 = = −𝟐
100 bulbs is chosen, what is the 𝟐𝟓𝟎
probability that the sample mean 𝒏 𝟏𝟎𝟎
will be between 1150 hours and 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎
= =𝟐
1 250 hours? 𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
3. Use the z-table to look up the z-score
you calculated in step 2. Z-Table
𝒛 = ±𝟐 has a corresponding area of 0.4772.

Step 4
Previous slide
Solutions:
4. Draw a graph and plot the z-score and
its corresponding area. Then, shade the
part that you’re looking for.

5. Compute the probability between z = ±𝟐 .

𝑷(𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟎 ഥ
𝒙 < 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎) = 0.4772 + 0.4772
= 0.9544
= 95.44% ∴ Therefore, the probability of
randomly selected 100 bulbs to
have a sample mean between 1 150
hours and 1 250 hours is 95.44%.