Volcano

- Is an opening earth’s crust through which lava,ash and gases escape

Types of volcanoes

Shield

- A broad, slightly doomed structure that resemble a warrior’s shield

- Formed by the accumulation of kava oozes out of the volcano
Cinder
- Kanlaon volcano

Composite

- Also know as stratovolcano

- Nearly perfect sloped structure. Sleep-sided volcano
- Usually erupt in explosive way
- Mayon volcano

cinder

- Slep slope, wide crater and most ubundant

- Circular or oval one
- Made up small fragment of lava
- Taal volcano

How volcanoes formed

- Uppermantle mixed and moves which creates pressure underneath the crust

Eruption

Explosive

- Strombolian, vulcanian, pelean, Plinian

Quiet
- Icelandic, Hawaiian

-
 Strombolian
- eruptions are short lived explosive eruptions that shoot very thick and pasty lava
into the air along with bursts of steam and gas.
- eruptions usually produce little or no lava.
Vulcanian
- eruptions are more violent and explosive than strombolian eruptions.

Pelean and Plinian eruptions are the most dangerous and explosive of the eruption types
Plinian eruption is the most explosive of the eruption types.

Phreatomagnetic eruption

- Lava,magma interacts w/ water

Phyroclastic flow

- rock fragments, gas, and ash

Basaltic- wet granitic- dry/pasty

Danger,hazaerd,mitigation
-lava flows, pyroclastic flows, lahars, jökulhlaups and landslides or debris avalanches. 

CLIMATE

- the average weather in a given area over a longer period of time. 

Factors affecting climate

Temperature, Humidity, Precipitation, Latitude & Elevation.
la Niña - Unusually cold surface water temperatures in the Pacific ocean caused by strong
easterly trade winds.
La Nina means “Little GirlmLa Nina usually lasts nine to twelve months.
The longest ever recorded lasted three years
El Niño - Unusually warm surface water temperatures in the Pacific ocean caused by weak (or
reversed direction) easterly trade winds.
El Nino means “The Christ Child”
El Nino usually lasts from a year to two years.
The longest El Nino ever recorded lasted six years.
El Nino is caused when trade winds allow warm water from the Pacific to flow east
 La Nina is caused when the temperatures drop in the pacific, also being blown east.

Elnino cause
Weak trade winds and weak upwelling cause warm water off the coast of S. America
La nina
Strong trade winds blow surface water towards east, creating colder surface temperatures off South
American coast. We get strong upwelling.

Upwelling

This happens along the coast, and when this happens it creates animal diversity.
use these nutrients to grow and reproduce at rapid rates.

Starts

- a luminous ball of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium, held together by its own gravity.

- A nebula A star forms from massive clouds of dust and gas in space,
- Protostar. As the mass falls together it gets hot. ...
- Main sequence star. ...
- Red giant star. ...
- White dwarf. ...
- Supernova. ...
- Neutron star or black hole
Constellation

- A group of stars that form a pattern in the sky.

Why do the Stars appear to move in the night sky?

As the Earth rotates on its axis its

“celestial” north pole remains directly in
line with Polaris.

seven major constellations…

Cassiopeia Orion
Cygnus Ursa major
Scorpius Ursa minor Draco

Orion – “The Hunter”

• Best season to view – the winter
• Brightest Star – Rigel and Betelgeuse
 • \

• Ursa Minor, aka, Little Bear, contains the Little Dipper and the North Star, Polaris
Star – Polaris
Best season to view – all year

Cassiopiea the queen

Brightest Star – Schedar

Best season to view – all year

Cygnus “swan”
Brightest Star – Deneb
Best season to view – all year

Scorpius ”scorpion”
Brightest Star – Antares
Best season to view – summer

Usra major”bigbear” Brightest Star – Dubhe and Merak Best season to view – all year

Draco”dragon”

Winter: Orion, Taurus, Canis Major

Spring: Leo, Bootes, Virgo
Summer: Cancer, Scorpio, Sagittarius
Fall: Andromeda, Pisces, Gemini