Thermodynamics

Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University

Najaf Technical College
First semester lectures
First Stage
By Dr. Basil N. Merzah
 Thermodynamics First Semester by Dr. Basil N.Merzah(Lecture No.5T)
Example 1:

A rigid insulated tank of 0.5m3, contains 5 kg of water at 100oC. An electric heater is

passing through the tank with a voltage of 200V and a current of 5A for 30 minutes. Find
the internal energy of final state of water.)
Solution:
The energy equation can be written as:

Q  W  E kJ 
For closed system

OR

13/4/2020 2
 Thermodynamics First Semester by Dr. Basil N.Merzah(Lecture No.5T)

where Q=0 for insulated tank Wb=boundary work=0 rigid tank

: the current (amp) : the voltage (volte) : the time (sec)

This work is negative because it is done in the system.

13/4/2020 3
 Thermodynamics First Semester by Dr. Basil N.Merzah(Lecture No.5T)

From the first state T=100oC, and

From saturated table at 0.001043 1.6720

0.001043 1.6720

It is shown that the state is saturated mixture

To find the dryness fraction (x):

13/4/2020 4
 Thermodynamics First Semester by Dr. Basil N.Merzah(Lecture No.5T)

From saturated table at 419.06 2087.0

13/4/2020 5
 Thermodynamics First Semester by Dr. Basil N.Merzah(Lecture No.5T)
Example 2:
Air is in a rigid tank of volume 1m3 at initial pressure of 500kPa and temperature of
300K. It is heated to a final temperature of 700K.(a) find the final pressure in the tank,
(b) the change in internal energy and enthalpy , (c) heat transfer to the system. (Use:
R=0.287kJ/kg.K, Cp=1.005kJ/kg.K, Cv=0.718kJ/kg.K)

Solution:
(a) volume is constant, from the second saying of Charles law

13/4/2020 6
 Thermodynamics First Semester by Dr. Basil N.Merzah(Lecture No.5T)

(b)

To find the mass;

(c) because the tank is rigid, W=0

13/4/2020 7
 Thermodynamics First Semester by Dr. Basil N.Merzah(Lecture No.5T)

Example 3:
A piston motion moves a 25 kg hammerhead vertically down 1 m from rest to a velocity
of 50 m/s in a stamping machine. What is the change in total energy of the hammerhead?

Solution:

The hammerhead does not change internal energy (i.e. same P, T), but it does have a
change in kinetic and potential energy.

31005 J =31 kJ
13/4/2020 8