Structures 2 (Aero) Laboratory Assignment

STRUCTURES 2 (Aero)
Semester 1: 2022-23
Laboratory Assignment
Analytical and experimental analysis of an aluminium tube subject to various
loading conditions

 You must keep the format of the tables and graphs, as presented. If you change the format of
the tables and graphs and their respective numbers, there will be 20% penalty (20 marks).

 If you include any of the tube measurements/material properties and/or

analytical/experimental results from other groups in your submission, you will receive a mark
of zero for this assignment.

 For each loading case, choose either Set-1 or Set-2 of your strain measurements for
comparison with the corresponding analytical results. Do not pick and mix the strain values
from different sets.

 The tube does not have a tight grip at its clamped end. For the torsion case, an experimental
error of 50-100% for the angle of twist/deflection values is expected.

Group No : ………….

Contribution% (0-100)
0: No contribution
100: Full contribution
This section must be completed based on the

Name Surname group agreement and in a transparent way.

The score for the percentage contribution
must be between 0-100%.
If a student did his/her share of work, he/she
would deserve to receive a score of 100%.

1
2
3
4

1
Structures 2 (Aero) Laboratory Assignment

Table of contents Page

No.
Analytical/ Tube measurements, sectional properties and engineering constants 2
experimental
1.Analytical analysis 3
2.Experimental measurements and analysis 4-5
3.Verification: Analytical vs experimental results 6-8
Analytical only 4. Stress-strain analysis of a typical aluminium tube subject to various loading 9-
conditions (This section can be typed and/or hand-written.)

Table-1 Tube measurements, sectional properties and engineering constants

Length (L), [mm]
Outer diameter (Do), [mm]
Inner diameter (Di), [mm]
Thickness (t), [mm]
Distance between the digital gauges (2h), [mm]
Distance between the weight hangers (2s), [mm]
Point A position-Strain rosette (L'), [mm]
Young’s modulus (E), [N/mm2]
Poisson’s ratio ()
Shear modulus (G), [N/mm2]
Second moment of area (Ix), [mm4]
Polar second moment of area (Jo), [mm4]
Gravitational acceleration g10
1kg load10Newton

2
 Structures 2 (Aero) Laboratory Assignment

1. ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS
1.1 BENDING ONLY

Load (kg) Deflection

Strain components Stress components
Table Anal-B1 deflection

Analytical stress and

(Right and (mm)

strain components
Table Anal-B2:
(MicroStrain) (MPa)
left sides)
x x
0. 0.
 
10
y y
20
30
40

1.2 TORSION ONLY

Load on Deflection Angle of twist

Strain components Stress components
each (mm) Analytical stress and
Table Anal-T1 deflection

strain components
Table Anal-T2:

Rad(x10-3) Degrees (MicroStrain) (MPa)

and angle of twist

side(kg)
x x
0. 0. 0. 0.
 
5
10 y y

15
20

1.3 COMBINED BENDING AND TORSION (BT)

Table Anal-BT1: Analytical right deflection and twist angle
Right deflection (mm) Angle of twist ()
Load Due to bending(B)  Due to torsion(T) Total (B+T) Radians (10-3 ) Degrees
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
5 kg
10 kg
15 kg
20 kg

Strain components Stress components

Analytical stress and
strain components
Table Anal-BT2:

(MicroStrain) (MPa)
x x
 
y y

3
Structures 2 (Aero) Laboratory Assignment

2. EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS

2.1 BENDING ONLY (B)
Load (kg) Left deflection Right deflection Average deflection
L  R
Table EXP-B1 deflection

(Right and (L) (R)

 Exp. 
2
left sides) (mm) (mm)
(mm)
0. 0. 0. 0.
5 (L)+ 5 (R)
10 (L)+ 10 (R)
15 (L)+ 15 (R)
20 (L)+ 20 (R)

Table EXP-B2: Strain measurements and the corresponding experimental stress components at Rosette-A for the
maximum load
Strain measurements (Strain) Strain components (Strain) Stress components (MPa)
Set-1 Set-2  Set-1 Set-2  Set-1 Set-2
Gauge-1 (n1) x x
Gauge-2 (n2)  
Gauge-3 (n3) y y

2.2 TORSION ONLY(T)

Load(kg) Left deflection Right deflection Average Twist angle  Exp.

Table EXP-T1 deflection and

Right and (L) (R) deflection Radians Degrees

left sides mm mm L  R
 Exp.   10 3
angle of twist

0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
5 (L)+ 5 (R)
10 (L)+ 10 (R)
15 (L)+ 15 (R)
20 (L)+ 20 (R)

Table EXP-T2: Strain measurements and the corresponding experimental stress components at Rosette-A
for the maximum load
Strain measurements (Strain) Strain components (Strain) Stress components (MPa)
Set-1 Set-2  Set-1 Set-2  Set-1 Set-2
Gauge-1 (n1) x x
Gauge-2 (n2)  
Gauge-3 (n3) y y

4
Structures 2 (Aero) Laboratory Assignment

2.3 COMBINED BENDING AND TORSION (BT)

Table EXP-BT1: Experimental left and right deflections and twist angle

Deflection(mm) Twist angle

Load (Kg) Left Right deflection Deflection due to torsion
(Right side deflection  R Exp.  Torsion Exp. 
R  L
only)  L Exp. 2 Rad.(  10 3 ) Degrees

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
5
10
15
20

Table EXP-BT2: Strain measurements and the corresponding experimental stress components at Rosette-
A for the maximum load

Strain measurements (Strain) Strain components (Strain) Stress components (MPa)

Set-1 Set-2  Set-1 Set-2  Set-1 Set-2
Gauge-1 (n1) x x
Gauge-2 (n2)  
Gauge-3 (n3) y y

5
Structures 2 (Aero) Laboratory Assignment

3. VERIFICATION : ANALYTICAL VS EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

3.1 BENDING ONLY (B)

Table VB-1 Load vs analytical and experimental deflections

Deflection (mm) Error%

Load Experimental Analytical  Anal.   Exp.
 100
(Newtons) (Ave)  Anal.

0. 0. 0. 0.

Table VB-2 Analytical and experimental stresses or strains

Strain components (MicroStrain) Stress components (MPa)

𝜺𝒙 𝜸 𝜺𝒚 𝝈𝒙 𝝉 𝝈𝒚
Experimental
(Calculated using
Set-?)
Analytical 0. 0. 0.
Error% N/A N/A N/A
𝑨𝒏𝒂𝒍 − 𝑬𝒙𝒑
| |
𝑨𝒏𝒂𝒍

Graph B-1: Load vs deflection: analytical and experimental

450
400
350
300
Load(N)

250
200
150
100
50
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Deflection(mm)

6
Structures 2 (Aero) Laboratory Assignment

3.2 TORSION ONLY (T)

Table VT-1 Torque vs analytical and experimental deflections or twist angles

Deflection (mm) Error% Twist angle(degrees)
Torque Experimental Analytical  Anal.   Exp. Experimental Analytical
 100
(Nm) (Ave)  Anal.

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

Table VT-2 Analytical vs experimental stresses or strains

Strain components (MicroStrain) Stress components (MPa)

𝜺𝒙 𝜸 𝜺𝒚 𝝈𝒙 𝝉 𝝈𝒚
Experimental
(Calculated
using Set-?)
Analytical 0. 0. 0. 0.
Error% N/A N/A N/A N/A
𝑨𝒏𝒂𝒍 − 𝑬𝒙𝒑
| |
𝑨𝒏𝒂𝒍

Graph VT-1 Torque vs deflection: analytical and experimental

120

100

80
Torque(Nm)

60

40

20

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Deflection(mm)

7
Structures 2 (Aero) Laboratory Assignment

3.3 COMBINED BENDING AND TORSION (BT)

Table VBT-1 Analytical vs experimental right deflections and twist angles

Right deflection (mm) Error% Twist angle(degrees)

Load Experimental Analytical  Anal.   Exp. Experimental Analytical
 100
(Newtons)  Anal.

0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

Table VBT-2 Analytical and experimental stresses or strains

Strain components (MicroStrain) Stress components (MPa)

𝜺𝒙 𝜸 𝜺𝒚 𝝈𝒙 𝝉 𝝈𝒚
Experimental
(Calculated
using Set-?)
Analytical 0.
Error% N/A
𝑨𝒏𝒂𝒍 − 𝑬𝒙𝒑
| |
𝑨𝒏𝒂𝒍

Graph VBT-1 Load vs right deflection: analytical and experimental

250

200

150
Load(N)

100

50

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Deflection(mm)

8
Structures 2 (Aero) Laboratory Assignment

9
Structures 2 (Aero) Laboratory Assignment

10