Desing Calculation PDF

Construction Technology & Methods 360 - Formwork and Falsework Assignment
1) Analysis of Wharf soffit formwork
Given:
Standard FORMrite sheet size and weight for ID Code 17-10-7, stress grade F14 plywood
Thickness: 17mm Sheet size: 2400mm x 1200mm Weight: 30 kg
2 -3
Therefore, self weight of plywood = (30 kg x 9.81 m/s x 10 / (2.4mx1.2m)
= 0.1 kPa
Weight of concrete, Gc = pc x concrete thickness

3
= 26 kN/m x 1m
= 26 kPa
Assumptions:
1) Workmen & equipment: Qw1 (for Stage 1) = 1.0 kPa

Qw2 (for Stage 2) = 2.0 kPa
Qw3 (for Stage 3) = 1.0 kPa
2) Stacked materials: Qm1 (for Stage 1) = 2.5 kPa

Qm2 (for Stage 2) = 0.0 kPa
Qm3 (for Stage 3) = 2.5 kPa
Self weight of formwork:
self weight of plywood = 0.1 kPa
2 -3 2
self weight of Joists: 95x65 Truform LVL @ 300mm C/C = 3.8 kg/m x 9.81 m/s x 10 x(1000/300)nos x 1m / m
= 0.12 kPa
2 -3 2
self weight of Bearers: RMD Superslim Solider = 20.37kg/m x9.81m/s x10 x(1000/1200)nos x 1m/m
= 0.17 kPa
Therefore, self weight of formwork, Gf = (0.1 kPa + 0.12 kPa + 0.17 kPa)
= 0.39 kPa
Say = 0.50 kPa
Specifications:
For soffit formwork,
1) Both plywood and joists are to have minium of three continuous spans.
2) Bearers are to be superslim soliders with 6 off M16 G8.8 bolts at all joints.
(i.e bearer is to be continuous across the whole width of the soffit formwork)
For side formwork,
1) Walers are to have minimum of three continous spans.
PAGE 1
1.1) Check Plywood (ID Code 17-10-7, stress grade F14)
(a) Check for serviceability limit state for stage 2
Check for load case 201: Permanent only, Esv = 1.0 (Gf + Gc)
= 1.0 x (0.5 kPa + 26 kPa)
= 26.5 kPa
Assume face grain is parallel to span. (lesser I value and lesser Z value for 17-10-17). (Worst case scenario).
Span, Lp = 300 mm
Elasticity modification factor for moisture content, j6 = 1 <Table 8.1, AS 1720.1>
<Table 5.1, AS 1720.1> Modulus of Elasticity, E = 12,000 Mpa (For F14 Plywood)
Moment of Inertia, Ip = 193.3 mm4/mm

3 4
= 193.3 x10 mm /m (for 1m width)
Bending Stiffness, EI = j6 x E x Ip
3 4
= 1 x 12,000 Mpa x 193.3 x10 mm
9 2
= 2.32 x10 Nmm
Serviceability UDL, w = Esv x bp

2
= 26.5 kN/m x 1m
= 26.5 kN/m
Max deflection, δs = 0.00688 wLp4 / EI

4 9
= (0.00688 x 26.5 x300 )/ (2.32x10 )
= 0.64 mm
Deflection limit for class 3 surface finish, δI = Span/ 300

= 300/ 300
= 1.00 mm
To satisfy serviceablity limit states, δs ≤ δl

0.64mm ≤ 1mm
Serviceabiliity limit state deflection ratio, Ω = δs / δl

= 0.64 / 1
= 0.64 ≤1 O.K
Therefore, serviceability limit state for plywood is satisfied.
(b) Check strength limit state
Strength limit state action combo for stage 2
Load case 204: Permanent action only, Edv = 1.35 (Gf + Gc)
= 1.35 x (0.5 kPa + 26 kPa)
= 35.78 kPa
Load case 205: Permanent + Variable Edv = 1.2 (Gf + Gc) + 1.5 Qw2
= 1.2 (0.5 kPa +26 kPa) + 1.5 (2kPa )
= 34.8 kPa
PAGE 2
Strength limit State action combo for stage 3
Assumption: Vertical wind action has been neglected for the purpose of the assignment.
Load case 304: Permanent action only, Edv = 1.35 (Gf + Gc)
= 1.35 x (0.5 kPa + 26 kPa)
= 35.78 kPa
Load case 305: Permanent + Variable Edv = 1.2 (Gf + Gc) + 1.5 Qw3
= 1.2 (0.5 kPa +26 kPa ) + 1.5 (1 kPa)
= 33.3 kPa
Load case 306: Permanent + Variable Edv = 1.2 (Gf + Gc) + 1.5 Qm3
= 1.2 (0.5 kPa +26 kPa) + 1.5 (2.5 kPa)
= 35.55 kPa
Therefore, critical load case = load case 204 = load case 304 where both Edv = 35.78 kPa
Check for bending
Strength limit state design action effect
Design Action: Max bending moment, Md = 0.10 wp Lp2

2
= 0.10 x Edv x bp x Lp
= 0.10 x 35.78 kPa x 1m x 0.3m x 0.3m
= 0.32 kNm (per 1m width of plywood)
Strength limit states capacity
Ø = 0.95 <Table 2.1, AS 1720.1>
k1 = 0.97 (for Plywood)
Assume moisture content of 15% or less k19 = 1 <Table 5.2(A), AS 1720.1>
g19 = 1 <Table 5.3, AS 1720.1>
fb′ = 36 MPa (for stress grade F14)
Section Modulus, Zp = 23 mm3/mm

3
= 23 x10 mm4/m
Strength limit state bending capacity, ØMp = Ø k1 k19 g19 fb′ Zp <Clause 5.4.2, AS 1720.1>
3 -6
= 0.95 x 0.97 x 1 x 1 x 36 x 23 x 10 x 10
To satisfy strength limit states, Ed ≤ Rd

ɤdMd ≤ ØMp
1.00 x 0.32 kNm ≤ 0.76 kNm
0.32 kNm ≤ 0.76 kNm
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdMd / ØMp

= 0.32 / 0.76
= 0.42 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for bending for the plywood is satisfied.
PAGE 3
Check for Shear
Design Action: Max Shear force, Vd = 0.60 wp Lp

= 0.60 x Edv x bp x Lp
= 0.60 x 35.78 kPa x 1m x 0.3m
= 6.44 kN
Ø = 0.95 <Table 2.1, AS 1720.1>
Assume Moisture Content of 15% or less k19 = 1 <Table 5.2(A), AS 1720.1>
g19 = 0.4 <Table 5.3, AS 1720.1>
fS′ = 5.5 MPa (for stress grade F14)
As = 2/3 (bt)
= 2/3 (1000x17)
2
= 11333.33 mm
Strength limit state shear capacity, ØVp = Ø k1 k19 g19 fS′ AS <Clause 5.4.2, AS 1720.1>
-3
= 0.95 x 0.97 x 1 x 0.4 x 5.5 x 11333.33 x 10
= 22.98 kN

ɤdVd ≤ ØVp
1.00 x 6.44 kN ≤ 22.98 kN
6.44 kN ≤ 22.98 kN
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdVd / ØVp

= 6.44 / 22.98
= 0.28 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for shear for the plywood is satisfied.
Conclusion
The plywood satisfies serviceablity requirements for deflection and strength limit state requirements for bending and shear.
PAGE 4
1.2) Check the Joist (95x65 Truform LVL beam)
Max span, Lj = 1.2 m
Spacing, Lp = 0.3 m
Check for Serviceability Limit State for Stage 2
Elasticity modification factor for moisture content, j6 = 1 <Table 8.1, AS 1720.1>
Bending stiffness, EI = j6 x EI
9 2
= 1 x 48.2x10 Nmm
9 2
= 48.2 x10 Nmm
Serviceability UDL, w = 1.1 x Esv x Lp

= 1.1 x 26.50 kPa x 0.3m
= 8.75 kN/m
Max Deflection , δs = 0.00688 wLj4 / EI

= (0.00688 x 8.75 x12004) / (48.2x109)
= 2.6 mm
Deflection Limit For Class 3 Surface Finish, δl = Span/ 300

= 1200/ 300
= 4.00 mm

2.60 mm ≤ 4 mm

= 2.60 / 4
= 0.65 ≤1 O.K
Serviceability limit state for the joist is satisfied.
PAGE 5
Check for Strength Limit State for Stage 2 & Stage 3
Check for bending
Design Action: Max bending moment, Md = 0.10 wj Lj2

2
= 0.10 x 1.1 x Edv x Lp x Lj
= 0.10 x 1.1 x 35.78 kPa x 0.3 m x 1.2m x 1.2m
= 1.7 kNm
Ø = 0.95 <Table 2.1, AS 1720.1>
k1 = 0.94 (for Joist)
Assume Moisture Content of 15% or less k4 = 1
k6 = 0.9 (coastal region)
Assume k9 = 1 (conservative)
Height to Width Ratio = 95/65

= 1.46
< 2
Assume form face provide effective lateral restraint, therefore k12 = 1
fb′ = 42 MPa
Tolerances, d = -0 mm, +2 mm
b = -2mm, +2 mm
2
Therefore, Z = bd /6
2
= [(65-2) x 95 ] / 6
3 3
= 94.76 x10 mm
Strength limit states bending capacity, ØMj = Ø k1 k4 k6 k9 k12 fb′ Z <Clause 3.2.1, AS 1720.1>
3 -6
= 0.95 x 0.94 x 0.9 x 1 x 42 x 94.76x10 x10
= 3.19 kNm

ɤdMd ≤ ØMj
1.00 x 1.70 kNm ≤ 3.19 kNm
1.70 kNm ≤ 3.19 kNm
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdMd / ØMj

= 1.70 / 3.19
= 0.53 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for bending for the joist is satisfied.
PAGE 6
Check for Shear
Design Action: Max Shear force, Vd = 0.60 wj Lj

= 0.60 x 1.1 x Edv x Lp x Lj
= 0.60 x 1.1 x 35.78 kPa x 0.3m x 1.5m
= 10.63 kN
Ø = 0.95 <Table 2.1, AS 1720.1>
k1 = 0.94 (for Joist)
Assume Moisture Content of 15% or less k4 = 1
k6 = 0.9 (coastal region)
f s′ = 6 MPa
Tolerances, d = -0 mm, +2 mm
b = -2mm, +2 mm
Therefore, As = 2/3 (bd)

= 2/3 [(65-2)x95]
= 3990 mm2
Design Shear Capacity , ØVj = Ø k1 k4 k6 fS′ AS <Clause 3.2.5, AS 1720.1>

-3
= 0.95 x 0.94 x 1 x 0.9 x 6 x 3990 x 10
= 19.24 kN

ɤdVd ≤ ØVj
1.00 x 10.63 kN ≤ 19.24 kN
10.63 kN ≤ 19.24 kN
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdVd / ØVj

= 10.63 / 19.24
= 0.55 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for shear for the joist is satisfied.
Conclusion
The joist satisfies serviceablity requirements for deflection and strength limit state requirements for bending and shear.
PAGE 7
1.3) Check the Bearer: RMD Superslim Solider
Span, Lb = 1.2 m
Max spacing, Lj = 1.2 m
Esv = 26.5 kPa
Serviceability UDL, w = Esv x Lj

= 1.1 x 26.50 kPa x 1.2 m
= 34.98 kN/m
EIxx = 4020x109 Nmm2
Max deflection, δs = 0.00688 w lb4 / EI

4 9
= (0.00688 x 34.98 x1200 )/ (4020x10 )
= 0.12 mm

= 1200/ 300
= 4.00 mm

0.12 mm ≤ 4 mm

= 0.12 / 4
= 0.03 ≤1 O.K
Serviceability limit state for the bearer is satisfied.
Check for Strength Limit State for Stage 2 & Stage 3
Check for bending
Design Action: Max bending moment, Md = 0.10 wb Lb2

2
= 0.10 x 1.1 x Edv x Lj x Lb
= 0.10 x 1.1 x 35.78 kPa x 1.2 m x 1.2m x 1.2m
= 6.80 kNm
Maximum WLL in bending (including bending at joint) = 18 kNm
Strength limit states bending capacity, ØMb = 1.5 x 18

= 27 kNm

ɤdMd ≤ ØMb
1.25 x 6.80 kNm ≤ 27 kNm
8.50 kNm ≤ 27 kNm
PAGE 8
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdMd / ØMb
= 8.50 / 27
= 0.31 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for bending for the bearer is satisfied.
Check for Shear
Design Action: Max Shear force, Vd = 0.60 wb Lb

= 0.60 x 1.1 x Edv x Lj x Lb
= 0.60 x 1.1 x 35.78 kPa x 1.2m x 1.2m
= 34.01 kN
Maximum working load limit in shear = 130 kN
Strength limit states shear capacity, ØMb = 1.5 x 130

= 195 kN

ɤdVd ≤ ØVb
1.25 x 34.01 ≤ 195 kN
42.51 kN ≤ 195 kN
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdVd / ØVb

= 42.51 / 195
= 0.22 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for shear the bearer is satisfied.
Conclusion
The bearer satisfies serviceablity requirements for deflection and strength limit state requirements for bending and shear.
PAGE 9
2) Analysis of wharf side Formwork
(Side formwork for section A-A/ B-B is critical by inspection and analysis of side formwork will be carried out
for section A-A only since side formwork for section A-A/ B-B are the same.
Side formwork from Section A-A/ B-B
Concrete pressure calculation for side formwork
Reinforced concrete density, ρc = 2600 kg/m3
C1 = 1.0
GP cement with retarding superplasticiser. Therefore, C2 = 0.30 + 0.15

= 0.45
Assume the minimum temperature at concrete placement to be 10°C.
C3 = [36 / (Tc+16)]2
= 1.92
hf = hc = 1 m
3
Rate of rise, Rc = 50 m /hr / (30m x 20m)
= 0.083 m/hr
Maximum depth of hydrostatic pressure, hh = C1 √Rc + C2C3 √(hf-C1√Rc)

= 1 √0.083 + 0.45x1.92 √(1-1√0.083)
= 1.02 m
hh > hc
Therefore maximum concrete pressure Pc = Pcmax

= p c g hc
-3
= 2600 x 9.81 x 1 x 10
= 25.51 kPa
2.1) Check Plywood formface (ID Code 17-10-7, stress grade F14)
Check for serviceability limit state for stage 2
Check for load case 201: Permanent only, Esv = 1.0 Pch
= 1.0 x 25.51
= 25.51 kPa
Bending stiffness, EI = j6 x E x Ip
3
= 1 x 12,000 x 193.3 x10
9 2
= 2.32 x10 Nmm
PAGE 10
Plywood deflections
Figure 1: Plywood loading, deformation and reaction diagram
Max deflection, δs = 0.59 mm
Deflection limit for class 3 surface finish, δI = Span/ 300

= 300/ 300
= 1.00 mm

0.59mm ≤ 1mm

= 0.59 / 1
= 0.59 ≤1 O.K
Serviceability limit state for the plywood is satisfied.
Check bending strength limit state for Plywood
Plywood bending moments (unfactored)
Figure 2: Plywood loading, bending moment and reaction diagram
PAGE 11
Design bending moment
Maximum unfactored bending moment, M = 0.19 kNm
Strength limit states partial load factor for lateral concrete pressure, ϒ = 1.5
Strength limit states design bending moment, Md = ϒ. M

= 1.5 x 0.19
= 0.29 kNm
Ø = 0.95 <Table 2.1, AS 1720.1>
Assume moisture content of 15% or less k19 = 1 <Table 5.2(A), AS 1720.1>
g19 = 1 <Table 5.3, AS 1720.1>
fb′ = 36 MPa (for stress grade F14)
Section Modulus, Zp = 23 mm3/mm

3
= 23 x10 mm4/m
Strength limit state bending capacity, ØMp = Ø k1 k19 g19 fb′ Zp <Clause 5.4.2, AS 1720.1>
3 -6
= 0.95 x 0.97 x 1 x 1 x 36 x 23 x 10 x 10

ɤdMd ≤ ØMp
1.00 x 0.29 kNm ≤ 0.76 kNm
0.29 kNm ≤ 0.76 kNm
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdMd / ØMp

= 0.29 / 0.76
= 0.38 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for bending for the plywood is satisfied.
Check shear strength limit state for Plywood
Plywood shear forces (unfactored)
Figure 3: Plywood loading, shear forces and reaction diagram
PAGE 12
Construction Technology & Methods 360 - Formwork and Falsework Assignment
Design shear force
Maximum unfactored shear force, V = 3.58 Kn
Strength limit states partial load factor for lateral concrete pressure, ϒ = 1.5
Strength limit states design shear force, Vd = ϒ. V

= 1.5 x 3.58
= 5.37 kN
Ø = 0.95 <Table 2.1, AS 1720.1>
Assume Moisture Content of 15% or less k19 = 1 <Table 5.2(A), AS 1720.1>
g19 = 0.4 <Table 5.3, AS 1720.1>
fS′ = 5.5 MPa (for stress grade F14)
As = 2/3 (bt)
= 2/3 (1000x17)
2
= 11333.33 mm
Strength limit state shear capacity, ØVp = Ø k1 k19 g19 fS′ AS <Clause 5.4.2, AS 1720.1>
-3
= 0.95 x 0.97 x 1 x 0.4 x 5.5 x 11333.33 x 10
= 22.98 kN

ɤdVd ≤ ØVp
1.00 x 5.37 kN ≤ 22.98 kN
5.37 kN ≤ 22.98 kN

= 5.37 / 22.98
= 0.23 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for shear for the plywood is satisfied.
Conclusion
PAGE 13
2.2) Check waler: 95x65 Truform LVL beam
Span, Lw = 1.2 m
Actions
The waler loads are equal to the reactions determined in the analysis of the form face. As the form face was
modelled for a 1 m wide strip, the reaction in kN translates to the waler load in kN/m.
From, Figure 1 the maximum reaction for unfactored loading of the form face was 6.18 kN
Serviceability limit state UDL, ws = 6.18 kN/m
Bending stiffness, EI = j6 x EI
9 2
= 1 x 48.2x10 Nmm
9 2
= 48.2x10 Nmm
4
Max Deflection , δs = 0.00688 wl / EI
= (0.00688 x 6.18 x12004) / (48.2x109)
= 1.83 mm

= 1200/ 300
= 4.00 mm

1.83 mm ≤ 4 mm

= 1.83 / 4
= 0.46 ≤1 O.K
Serviceability limit state for the waler is satisfied.
Check bending strength limit state for Waler
Waler bending moments
Strength load factor for lateral concrete pressure, ϒ = 1.5
Strength limit states design UDL, wd = ϒ. ws

= 1.5 x 6.18 kN/m
= 9.27 kNm
2
Design Action: Max Moment, Md = 0.1 wL
2
= 0.1 x 9.27 x 1.2
= 1.33 kNm
Strength limit states bending capacity, ØM = 3.19 kNm From Page 6

ɤdMd ≤ ØMj
1.00 x 1.33 kNm ≤ 3.19 kNm
1.33 kNm ≤ 3.19 kNm
PAGE 14
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdMd / ØMj
= 1.33 / 3.19
= 0.42 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for bending for the waler is satisfied.
Check shear strength limit state for Waler
Shear force
Strength load factor for lateral concrete pressure, ϒ = 1.5
Strength limit states design UDL, wd = ϒ. ws

= 1.5 x 6.18 kN/m
= 9.27 kNm
Strength limit states design shear force, Vd = 0.60 wdL

= 0.60 x 9.27 kN/m x 1.2m
= 6.67 kN
Strength limit state shear capacity, ØVp = 19.24 kN From Page 7

ɤdVd ≤ ØVp
1.00 x 6.67 kN ≤ 19.24 kN
6.67 kN ≤ 19.24 kN

= 6.67 / 19.24
= 0.35 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for shear for the waler is satisfied.
Conclusion
PAGE 15
2.3) Check solider: RMD Superslim Solider
Span, Ls = 1 m
Spaing, Lw = 1.2 m
Max deflection, δs = 2.04 mm

= 1000/ 300
= 3.33 mm

3.31 mm ≤ 3.33 mm

= 3.31/ 3.33
= 0.99 ≤1 O.K
Serviceability limit state for the solider is satisfied.
Check bending strength limit state for the solider
Solider bending moments
Strength limit states design bending monent, Md = 0.69 kNm
PAGE 16
Maximum working load limit in bending = 18 kNm
Strength limit states bending capacity, ØMb = 1.5 x 18

= 27 kNm

ɤdMd ≤ ØMb
1.25 x 0.69 kNm ≤ 27 kNm
0.86 kNm ≤ 27 kNm

= 0.86 / 27
= 0.03 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for bending for the soldier is satisfied.
Check shear strength limit state for Solider
Shear force
Strength limit states design shear force, Vd = 9.36 kN
Maximum working load limit in shear = 130 kN
Strength limit states shear capacity, ØVv = 1.5 x 130

= 195 kN

ɤdVd ≤ ØVv
1.25 x 9.36 ≤ 195 kN
11.7 kN ≤ 195 kN
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdVd / ØVv

= 11.7 / 195
= 0.06 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for shear for the solider is satisfied.
Conclusion
The solider satisfies serviceablity requirements for deflection and strength limit state requirements for bending and shear.
PAGE 17
2.4) Check RMD short turnbuckles @ 1200mm C/C
Strength limit state Axial compression
Strength limit states design axial compression, Nd = 14.54 kN
Maximum working load limit in compression = 45 kN
Strength limit states compression capacity, ØNc = 1.5 x 45

= 67.5 kN

ɤdNd ≤ ØNc
1.25 x 14.54 ≤ 67.5 kN
18.18 kN ≤ 67.5 kN
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdNd / ØNc

= 18.18 / 67.5
= 0.27 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for axial compression for RMD short turnbuckle is statised.
Conclusion
The turnbuckle satisfies strength limit state requirements for axial compression.
PAGE 18
2.5) Check 20mm FORM TIE
Strength limit state axial tension
Strength limit states design axial tension, Nd = 16.95 kN
Maximum working load limit in tension = 75 kN
Strength limit states compression capacity, ØNt = 1.5 x 75

= 112.5 kN

ɤdNd ≤ ØNt
1.25 x 16.95 ≤ 112.5 kN
21.19 kN ≤ 112.5 kN
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdNd / ØNt

= 21.19 / 112.5
= 0.19 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for axial tension for 20mm BAR TIE is satisfied.
Conclusion
The 20mm BAR TIE satisfies strength limit state requirements for axial tension.
PAGE 19
3) Analysis of wharf falsework
3.1) Check RMD Rapidshor top and bottom screw jacks
PAGE 20
Top Screw Jack for section A-A
Load case 204 strength
Buckling Effective Length

Action effects
Load Case 204, Member 102
Design axial compressive force, Nd = 59 kN
Design bending moment at top, Md1 = 0.00 kNm
Design bending moment at bottom, Md2 = 0.03 kNm
Design bending moment, Md = 0.03 kNm
Actual member length, l = 0.332 m
Effective length, le = 0.920 m
Additional imperfections
Expected member end eccentricity, e" = 10 mm
Permitted out-of-straightness tolerance, δo = l/300

= 1.11 mm
Design imperfections, ed = e" + δo = 10 + 1.11

= 11.11 mm
Moment distribution factor for end moment, cme = 1
Member Properties
= 70.5
≤ 90
Therefore, failure mode = yield
Effective length factor, ke = le/l

= 2.77
PAGE 21
= 371.51 kN
Elastic buckling load factor, =
= 6.30
Combined member axial compression and bending capacity
Second order design moment from structural analysis, Md = 0.03 kNm
Moment distribution factor for end moment, cm = 1
Strength limit states bending capacity, ØMs = Ø fy Sx

2 3 3 -6
= 0.9 x 350 N/mm x 9.27 x 10 mm x 10
= 2.92 kNm
PAGE 22
Top Screw Jack for section A-A
Load case 211 robustness

Action effects

= 1.11 mm

= 11.11 mm
Member Properties
= 70.6
≤ 90

= 2.77
PAGE 23
= 370.7 kN
= 6.28

2 3 3 -6
= 0.9 x 350 N/mm x 9.27 x 10 mm x 10
= 2.92 kNm
PAGE 24
Top Screw Jack for section B-B
Load case 211 robustness

Action effects

= 1.11 mm

= 11.11 mm
Member Properties
= 56.33
≤ 90

= 2.21
PAGE 25
= 582.06 kN
= 9.70

2 3 3 -6
= 0.9 x 350 N/mm x 9.27 x 10 mm x 10
= 2.92 kNm
PAGE 26
Bottom screw jack for section A-A
Load case 204 strength
Action effects
Design axial compressive force, Nd = 60.16 kN
Design bending moment at bottom, Md2 = 0 kNm
Design bending moment at bottom, Md = 0.1 kNm

= 1.11 mm

= 11.11 mm
Member Properties
= 69.81
≤ 90
`

= 2.75
PAGE 27
= 378.89 kN
= 6.30

2 3 3 -6
= 0.9 x 350 N/mm x 9.27 x 10 mm x 10
= 2.92 kNm
PAGE 28
3.2) Check rapidshor standard for Cross Section A-A
PAGE 29
Action effects
Design bending moment at bottom, Md = 0.16 kNm

= 5 mm
Design imperfections, ed = e" + δo = 5+5

= 10 mm
Member Properties
= 65.31
≤ 90

= 0.74
PAGE 30
= 371.94 kN
= 6.30

2 3 3 -6
= 0.9 x 350 N/mm x 10.44 x 10 mm x 10
= 3.29 kNm
PAGE 31
3.3) Check RMD Rapidshor Ledgers
Check for compression
Action efffect
Working load limit in compression = 25 kN
Strength limit states axial compression capacity, ØNc = 1.5 x 25

= 37.50 kN

ɤdNd ≤ ØNc
1.25 x 10.44 kN ≤ 37.5 kN
13.05 kN ≤ 37.5 kN

= 13.05 / 37.5
= 0.35 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for axial compression for RMD ledger is satisfied.
Check for tension
Action efffect
PAGE 32
Design axial tension force, Nt = 7.25 kN
Working load limit in tension = 25 kN
Strength limit states axial tension capacity, ØNt = 1.5 x 25

= 37.50 kN

ɤdNt ≤ ØNt
1.25 x 7.25 kN ≤ 37.5 kN
9.06 kN ≤ 37.5 kN

= 9.06 / 37.5
= 0.24 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for axial tension for RMD ledger is satisfied.
Conclusion
The ledger satisfies strength limit state requirements for both axial compression and axial tension.
3.4) Check RMD Rapidshor diagonal fixed braces
Check for compression
Member 382 at bay size H(1500) x W(1200) is crtical.

(Largest compression force with longer member length)
Working load limit in compression = 10.2 kN
Strength limit states axial compression capacity, ØNc = 1.5 x 10.2

= 15.30 kN
PAGE 33
ɤdNd ≤ ØNt
1.25 x 4.05 kN ≤ 15.3 kN
5.06 kN ≤ 15.3 kN

= 5.06 / 15.3
= 0.33 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for axial compression for diagonal bracing is satisfied.
Check for tension
Member 355 at bay size H(1000) x W(1200) is crtical.

(Largest tension force with lower tension capacity)
Design axial tension force, Nd = 3.44 kN

= 24.75 kN

ɤdNd ≤ ØNt
1.25 x 3.44 kN ≤ 24.75 kN
4.3 kN ≤ 24.75 kN

= 4.3 / 24.75
= 0.17 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for axial tension for diagonal bracing is satisfied.
Conclusion
The diagonal bracing satisfies strength limit state requirements for both axial compression and axial tension.
PAGE 34
3.5) Check RMD Rapidshor jack braces
Action effect
Design axial tension force, Nd = 4.20 kN

= 9.38 kN

ɤdNd ≤ ØNt
1.25 x 4.2 kN ≤ 9.38 kN
5.25 kN ≤ 9.38 kN

= 5.25 / 9.38
= 0.56 ≤1 O.K
Strength limit state for axial tension for jack bracing is satisfied.
Conclusion
The jack bracing satisfies strength limit state requirements for axial tension.
PAGE 35
3.6) Check Tertiary I-beam: B3 (610UB 113 G300)
Check for Strength Limit State for load case 204
Check for simply supported span
Check for bending
Action effect
Design bending moment in simply supported span, Md = 151.26 kNm
Max simply supported span / Max segment length = 6.7 m
effective length, le = kt kl kr l
kt = 1 (FF)
kl = 1.4 (within segment, top flange)
kr = 1.00 (none)
Thus, efffective length, le = 1 x 1.4 x 1 x 6.7

= 9.38 m
Assume αm = 1 (conservative)
Strength limit states bending capacity, ØMb = 257.84 kNm

ɤdMd ≤ ØMb
1.25 x 151.26 kNm ≤ 257.84 kNm
189.08 kNm ≤ 257.84 kNm

= 189.08/ 257.84
= 0.73 ≤1 O.K
PAGE 36
Check for Shear
Action effect
Design shear in simply supported span, Vd = 176.39 kN
Strength limit states shear capacity, ØVv = 1100 kN

ɤdVd ≤ ØVv
1.25 x 176.39 kN ≤ 1100 kN
220.49 kN ≤ 1100 kN

= 220.49/ 1100
= 0.2 ≤1 O.K
ɤdVd / ØVv = 0.21 ≤ 0.6 (no shear-bending interaction

check is required)
Check for cantilevered span
Check for bending
Action effect
Max cantilevered span / Max segment length = 1.55 m
kt = 1 (FU)
kl = 2 (within segment/segment end, top flange)
kr = 1.00 (none)
Thus, efffective length, le = 1 x 2 x 1 x 1.55

= 3.1 m

ɤdMd ≤ ØMb
1.25 x 46.53 kNm ≤ 679.4 kNm
58.16 kNm ≤ 679.4 kNm

= 58.16/ 679.4
= 0.09 ≤1 O.K
PAGE 37
Check for Shear
Action effect
Design shear in cantilevered span, Vd = 68.61 kN

ɤdVd ≤ ØVv
1.25 x 68.61 kN ≤ 1100 kN
85.76 kN ≤ 1100 kN

= 85.76 / 1100
= 0.08 ≤1 O.K

check is required)
PAGE 38
Check splice joint for 610UB 113
Design Actions
Design Actions @ Splice: Moment, Md = 160 kNm
Design Actions @ Splice: Shear, Vd = 180 kN
Min. Design Actions for Splice Connection = 0.3ɸMb

= 0.3x257.84 kNm
= 77.35 kNm
Checking of Bolts Using Tension Flange Bolt Analysis
Average tension stress in top/bottom flange, σ = Md y/ I

6
= 160x10 Nmm x 294.65mm / 875x106 mm4
= 53.88 MPa
Tension force in top/bottom flange = σA

-3
= 53.88 MPa x 228mm x 17.3mm x 10
= 212.52 kN
Average tension stress half of web = 53.88 MPa x 143mm/ 294.65mm

= 26.15 MPa
-3
Tension force in half of web = 26.15 MPa x 286mm x 11.2mm x 10
= 83.76 kN
Total tension force in beam = 212.52 + 83.76

= 296.28 kN
Assume only the bolts on either side of the tension flange carry the tension forces
and they all carry it equally. (i.e. only 4 nos. of bolts carry the tension forces).
PAGE 39
Tension force per bolt, Nf = 296.28 kN/ 4
= 74.07 kN
Tension Capacity of 1 no. M20 G8.8 Bolt, ɸNtf = reduction factor for prying x 163 kN)
= 0.8 x 163 kN
= 130.4 kN

ɤdNf ≤ ØNtf
1.25 x 74.07 kN ≤ 130.4 kN
92.59 kN ≤ 130.4 kN
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdNf / ØNtf

= 92.59 / 130.4
= 0.71 ≤1 O.K
Shear force per bolt, Vf = 180 kN/ 12

= 15.00 kN
Shear Capacity of 1 no. M20 G8.8 Bolt, ɸVf = 92.6 kN

ɤdVf ≤ ØVf
1.25 x 15 kN ≤ 92.6 kN
18.75 kN ≤ 92.6 kN
Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdVf / ØVf

= 18.75 / 92.6
= 0.2 ≤1 O.K
Check for combined tension shear action: (92.59/130.4)2 + (18.75/92.6)2 = 0.55 < 1 O.K
Check Thickness of the Butt Plate
M* plate = Max tension per bolt x emax / 2

= 74.07 kN x 0.057m / 2
= 2.11 kNm
Ze = Z
2
= st /6
2
= 120xt /6
Assume fy = 250 MPa
ɤd xM*plate ≤ ɸ fy Ze
1.25 x 2.11 x 106 ≤ 0.9 x 250 x 120xt2/6
t required ≥ 24.21 mm
Say 25mm butt plate.
Minimum plate thickness required to minimize prying action = 1.25 x df

= 1.25 x 20
= 25 mm
Therefore, 25mm butt plate thickness is OK.
PAGE 40
Check Bolt Edge Distance
Min Edge Distance Required = 1.5 df (Machine Cut Edge)

= 1.5 x 20
= 30 mm
< 50 mm (allowed) OK
Check Bolt Spacing
Min Spacing Required = 2.5 df (Machine Cut Edge)

= 1.5 x 20
= 50 mm
< 120 mm (allowed) OK
Check End Bearing
-3
Plate Crushing Resistance, ɸ3.2 df tp fup = 0.9 x 3.2 x 20 x 25 x 440 x 10
= 633.6 kN
> 18.75 kN OK
-3
Plate Tearing Resistance, ɸae tp fup = 0.9 x 50 x 25 x 440 x 10
= 495 kN
> 18.75 kN OK
Check 6mm E41XX GP weld all around.
ΣIweld = 2IA+4IB+4IC+2ID
= 115.45 x 106mm4
Stress in weld (due to moment only) = My/Iweld

= (160x106 x607/2) / (115.45 x 106 tt)
= 421/tt N/mm2
i.e.Load per unit length in weld due to moment, vw1* = 421 N/mm
Shear in weld per unit length due to vertical shear force, vw2* = Vd / 2x depth of flange
= (185 x 103) / (2x572)
= 161.71 N/mm
Resultant load per unit length in weld at top of weld

 
(due to moment and shear combined vectorially), vw* =   
= 451 N/mm
fuw = 410 Mpa (for E41 weld)

ɸ = 0.6 (for GP weld)
kr = 1
PAGE 41
rd vw* ≤ ɸ0.6fuwttkr
1.25 x 451 ≤ 0.6 x 0.6 x 410 x tt x 1
tt ≥ 3.82 mm
tw ≥ x 3.06
tw ≥ 5.4 mm
Minimum size of fillet weld required for 25mm plate = 6 mm
Therefore, use 6mm E41XX GP weld all around. O.K
PAGE 42
3.7) Check Secondary I-beam: B2 (900WB 282 G400)
Design point load = Max reaction force at B3

= 282.38 kN
Loading Diagram
Bendinng Moment Diagram (kNm)
Shear force Diagram (kN)
Deflection Diagram (mm)
Reaction Diagram (kN)

Check for simply supported span
Check for bending
Action effect
Max simply supported span / Max segment length = 8.4 m
kt = 1 (FF)
kl = 1.4 (within segment, top flange)
kr = 1.00 (none)
Thus, efffective length, le = 1 x 1.4 x 1 x 8.4

= 11.76 m
PAGE 43

ɤdMd ≤ ØMb
1.25 x 1376.41 kNm ≤ 1916.8 kNm
1720.51 kNm ≤ 1916.8 kNm

= 1720.51/ 1916.8
= 0.9 ≤1 O.K
Check for Shear
Action effect
Design shear in simply supported span, Vd = 877 kN

ɤdVd ≤ ØVv
1.25 x 877 kN ≤ 1820 kN
1096.21 kN ≤ 1820 kN

= 1096.21/ 1820
= 0.6 ≤1 O.K

check is required)
Check for cantilevered span
Check for bending
Action effect
Max cantilevered span / Max segment length = 3.6 m
kt = 1 (FU)
kl = 2 (within segment/segment end, top flange)
kr = 1.00 (none)

= 7.2 m
PAGE 44
Strength limit states bending capacity, ØMb = 2994 kNm

ɤdMd ≤ ØMb
1.25 x 1376.41 kNm ≤ 2994 kNm
1720.51 kNm ≤ 2994 kNm

= 1720.51 / 2994
= 0.57 ≤1 O.K
Check for Shear
Action effect
Design shear in cantileverd span, Vd = 646 kN

ɤdVd ≤ ØVv
1.25 x 646 kN ≤ 1820 kN
807.5 kN ≤ 1820 kN

= 807.5/ 1820
= 0.44 ≤1 O.K

check is required)
PAGE 45
3.8) Check Primary I-beam: B1 (1000WB 215 G400)
Design point load = Max reaction force at B2

= 1901 kN
Check for bending
Action effect
Design bending moment = PL

= 1901 kN x 0.25m
= 475.25 kNm
Max cantileveredd span / Max segment length = 0.25 m
kt = 1 (FU)
kl = 2 (within segment, top flange)
kr = 1.00 (none)

= 0.5 m
Strength limit states bending capacity, ØMb = 3270 kNm

ɤdMd ≤ ØMb
1.25 x 475.25 kNm ≤ 3270 kNm
594.06 kNm ≤ 3270 kNm
PAGE 46
= 594.06 / 3270
= 0.18 ≤1 O.K
Check for Shear
Action effect
Design shear, Vd = 1901 kN

ɤdVd ≤ ØVv
1.25 x 1901 kN ≤ 3150 kN
2376.25 kN ≤ 3150 kN

= 2376.25 / 3150
= 0.75 ≤1 O.K
ɤdVd / ØVv = 0.75 > 0.6
But ɤdMd / ØMb = 0.18 ≤ 0.75 (no shear-bending interaction

check is required)
Check for connection of B1 to existing steel pile
PAGE 47
Check 12mm E48XX GP FILLET WELD ALL AROUND
ΣIweld = 456 x 106 tt mm4
Stress in weld (due to moment only) = My/Iweld

= (475.25x106 x1000/2) / (456 x 106 tt)
= 521/tt N/mm2
i.e.Load per unit length in weld due to moment, vw1* = 521 N/mm
Shear in weld per unit length due to vertical shear force, vw2* = Vd / 2x depth of flange
= (1901 x 103) / (2x960)
= 990 N/mm
Resultant load per unit length in weld at top of weld

 
(due to moment and shear combined vectorially), vw* =   
= 1119 N/mm
fuw = 480 Mpa (for E48 weld)

ɸ = 0.6 (for GP weld)
kr = 1
rd vw* ≤ ɸ0.6fuwttkr
1.25 x 1119 ≤ 0.6 x 0.6 x 480 x tt x 1
tt ≥ 8.09 mm
tw ≥ x 8.09
tw ≥ 11.45 mm
Minimum size of fillet weld required for 25mm plate = 6 mm
Therefore, use 12mm E48XX GP weld all around. O.K
PAGE 48
4) Check for bearing pressure underneath sole board
Sole board size = 300 x 77 Truform LVL
Max applied fatored load underneath bottom screw jack = 61 kN
Width of sole board = 300 mm
Spacing of falsework standard = 1200 mm
Bearing area = 0.3 x 1.2

= 0.36 m2
Bearing presssure = 61 kN/ 0.36m2

= 174.29 kPa
< 200 kPa O.K
PAGE 49

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Construction Technology & Methods 360 - Formwork and Falsework Assignment

1) Analysis of Wharf soffit formwork

Thickness: 17mm Sheet size: 2400mm x 1200mm Weight: 30 kg

Weight of concrete, Gc = pc x concrete thickness

1) Workmen & equipment: Qw1 (for Stage 1) = 1.0 kPa

2) Stacked materials: Qm1 (for Stage 1) = 2.5 kPa

Self weight of formwork:

self weight of plywood = 0.1 kPa

For soffit formwork,

For side formwork,

1) Walers are to have minimum of three continous spans.

(a) Check for serviceability limit state for stage 2

Elasticity modification factor for moisture content, j6 = 1 <Table 8.1, AS 1720.1>

Moment of Inertia, Ip = 193.3 mm4/mm

Serviceability UDL, w = Esv x bp

Max deflection, δs = 0.00688 wLp4 / EI

Deflection limit for class 3 surface finish, δI = Span/ 300

To satisfy serviceablity limit states, δs ≤ δl

Serviceabiliity limit state deflection ratio, Ω = δs / δl

Therefore, serviceability limit state for plywood is satisfied.

(b) Check strength limit state

Strength limit state action combo for stage 2

Check for bending

Strength limit state design action effect

Design Action: Max bending moment, Md = 0.10 wp Lp2

Strength limit states capacity

Ø = 0.95 <Table 2.1, AS 1720.1>

k1 = 0.97 (for Plywood)

Assume moisture content of 15% or less k19 = 1 <Table 5.2(A), AS 1720.1>

g19 = 1 <Table 5.3, AS 1720.1>

fb′ = 36 MPa (for stress grade F14)

Section Modulus, Zp = 23 mm3/mm

To satisfy strength limit states, Ed ≤ Rd

Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdMd / ØMp

Strength limit state for bending for the plywood is satisfied.

Strength limit state design action effect

Design Action: Max Shear force, Vd = 0.60 wp Lp

Strength limit states capacity

Ø = 0.95 <Table 2.1, AS 1720.1>

k1 = 0.97 (for Plywood)

Assume Moisture Content of 15% or less k19 = 1 <Table 5.2(A), AS 1720.1>

g19 = 0.4 <Table 5.3, AS 1720.1>

fS′ = 5.5 MPa (for stress grade F14)

To satisfy strength limit states, Ed ≤ Rd

Strength limit state load ratio, Ω = ɤdVd / ØVp

Strength limit state for shear for the plywood is satisfied.

Max span, Lj = 1.2 m

Check for Serviceability Limit State for Stage 2

Elasticity modification factor for moisture content, j6 = 1 <Table 8.1, AS 1720.1>

Serviceability UDL, w = 1.1 x Esv x Lp

Max Deflection , δs = 0.00688 wLj4 / EI

Deflection Limit For Class 3 Surface Finish, δl = Span/ 300

To satisfy serviceablity limit states, δs ≤ δl

Serviceabiliity limit state deflection ratio, Ω = δs / δl

Serviceability limit state for the joist is satisfied.

Check for bending

Strength limit state design action effect

Design Action: Max bending moment, Md = 0.10 wj Lj2

Strength limit states capacity

Ø = 0.95 <Table 2.1, AS 1720.1>

k1 = 0.94 (for Joist)

Assume Moisture Content of 15% or less k4 = 1

k6 = 0.9 (coastal region)