Republic of the Philippines

ZAMBOANGA STATE COLLEGE OF MARINE SCIENCES ANDTECHNOLOGY

Fort Pilar, Zamboanga City
Tel No: (062) 991-0643 Telefax (062) 991-0777 website: http/www.zscmst.edu.ph

COURSE MODULE No.2

STUDENT’S COPY

I. NAME OF PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation (BSMT)

II. COURSE COURSE CODE

DESCRIPTIVE TITLE Voyage Planning
/ CODE Nav 7

IV. PRE-REQUISITE / COURSE CREDIT UNIT

CO-REQUISITE / NAV 6
CREDIT UNIT 3

The course includes the voyage planning and

navigation for all conditions by acceptable
methods of plotting ocean tracks, taking into
VI. COURSE account: restricted waters, meteorogical
DESCRIPTION conditions, ice, restricted visibility, traffic
separation schemes, vessel traffic service
areas (VTS), areas of extensive tidal effects
and routeing.

VII. MODULE TITLE / MODULE NUMBER

Weather Routeing
NUMBER 2

IX. INCLUSIVE WEEK Week Number 2

X. COURSE OUTCOME CO 1 Create a voyage plan from berth to berth

A. Learning Outcome: At the end of the modules, the students should be able to:
Demonstrate understanding of the weather and climate in voyage planning.

B. STCW Competence Addressed by the Course Module :

A-II/1 F1.C2: Maintain a Safe Navigational Watch
A-II/2 F1.C1: Plan a voyage and conduct navigation

C. STCW KUP Addressed by the Course Module :

A-II/1 F1.C2.KUP1.3: The use of routeing in accordance with the General Provisions on Ships’ Routeing

XI. MODULE RESOURCES

CMO 67, s, 2017
STCW, 1978, as amended
PAMI Syllabus

A.

XII. STUDENT ACTIVITY:

 ACTIVITY DATE SUBMISSION/ DEADLINE

Describe the difference between weather and climate. Week 1 1st Hour

Discuss and cite example of areas where climate condition is

Week 1 3rd Hour
predominance.

XIII. FORMATIVE AND OUTCOME ASSESSMENT

Performance Task:

Rubrics for Written Presentation

SEE ATTACHED Rubrics

XI STUDENT REFLECTION
A. What significant experiences have you learned from the activities ? Are the given activities easy
to follow or difficult ? ( State answer in a sentence form.)

B. Are you comfortable working with a partner? If yes. Why and if not why.

XII. REFERENCES
CMO N0. 67,S, 2017
STCW, 1978, as amended
PAMI Syllabus

A. ESSENTIAL READINGS
1. Ocean Passage for the 3. World Routeing Chart
2. Mariners Handbook 4. Chart Catalogue

B. ADDITIONAL READINGS
The New American Practical Navigator Nathaniel Bowditch National Imagery and Mapping Agency (2002)
NP 5011
Guide to Port Entry

Republic of the Philippines

ZAMBOANGA STATE COLLEGE OF MARINE SCIENCES ANDTECHNOLOGY
 Fort Pilar, Zamboanga City
Tel No: (062) 991-0644 Telefax (062) 991-0777 website: http/www.zscmst.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION

APPENDIX A
Learning Activity Sheet No. 2
Name: _________________________________________________ Score/Mark: __________________

Year and Section: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

Type of Activity Concept Notes Laboratory Report

Essay/Task Report Skills Exercise /Drill
Illustration Other _________________________

Activity Title Weather and Climate.

Learning Outcome(s) Know difference between weather and climate

Authors/References Capt. Alvin R. Selisana / Nav. 7 (Voyage Planning)

Activity No.1:
Instructions: Read and understand the paragraph on voyage planning, then, follow the instructions in the sub
activities.

Weather and Climate

Weather is defined as the atmospheric condition of a place over a short period of time. Some common aspects of
weather include temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, sunshine, and wind which people experience throughout
the course of a day. Severe weather conditions include hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and droughts.

Climate is defined as the average weather condition of a place over a long period of time, usually over 30 years.
Climate is measured base on the type, frequency, duration, and intensity of weather events such as heatwaves, cold
spells, storms, floods, and droughts hence, it can be assessed for a single location, large area, or globally.
The weather is what you can see outside. it might be raining, or sunny. it might be 0 degrees, or 45 degrees… this
is the appearance and records of a single point in time. If you are only measuring weather at a single time then you
can only make predictions accurately to within a day and inaccurately up to a week If you were just to look at the
weather on any single day then you can not determine the future weather accurately and thus will have great
difficulty in planting crops or determining growth cycles for food and livestock..

The climate is a pattern of many weather events. This takes into account many times and puts them together to
form a pattern that can be used to predict future events far into the future. Using a long record of weather events we
can thus determine probably weather events in the future. This allows farmers and other food harvesting
professions to determine accurately what will happen over the year and plan accordingly. One such plan might
involve not seeding that year as it is expected to be a poor year.
The weather is a measure of what is happening at a single point in time
Many weather events can be used to determine a climate
A climate is a pattern of weather over a very long time
A single weather event does not determine a climate
Differences and Similarities between Weather and Climate

Types of Weather
Rainy.
Stormy.
Sunny.
Cloudy.
Cold.
Dry.
Wet.
Windy.
There are approximately five main climate types on Earth:
Tropical.
Dry.
Temperate.
Continental.
Polar.

Climatological Routeing:
Until recent times, routeing was done solely by the use of Pilot books and monthly or seasonal charts of the winds
and currents of the oceans. Under certain circumstances, it is still the best method possible. ‘Ocean Passages of
the World’ book is still the standard book for reference, while contemplating climatological routeing.
Describe choice of weather routeing by ship or Shore?
This is entirely up to the ship operator (Ship owner, charterer) and/or ship master. Fast trans-Atlantic liner in fruit
trade, container trade or passenger trade, involving high competition and requiring absolute punctually, would
prefer to be weather routed by shore based experts. This would partly shift the responsibility from the Master to
the ship operator for keeping to the schedules.
 Other ships, making regular crossings, would like economical passages but usually have no penalties to pay for
a delay of few hours. Owners of such vessels may prefer to leave routeing to shipmasters.
It would be good idea for shipmasters to convince their owners to use shore-based weather routeing, as it is
fairly inexpensive. While such a vessel is being routed from ashore, during the trial period, the Master may keep
watching the facsimile prognosis charts and check for himself the reasons why each alteration of course is
recommended by the routeing organisation.
Weather Forecast:
Weather forecast for effective routeing the winds and waves must be accurately predicted as far ahead as possible.
At present this is about 72 hours ahead. Data from ships, satellites, Radio-sondesetc is fed into the computer
analyses the data. For each of ten different levels in the atmosphere it produces Northern Hemisphere charts of
temperature, humidity, winds and pressure. The computer then produces a forecast using a “model” of the
atmosphere.
 The forecast of wave height is then produced using an empirical formula and taking fetch etc. into account.
 (The wave height marked on the chart is the “significant wave height”. This is the mean height of the
highest one third of seas).
 At present forecasts at 12 hour intervals for the next 72 hours are used.
.
Activity No.1.1

Identify the difference between climate and weather.

The difference between weather and climate is a measure of time. Weather is what conditions of the atmosphere
are over a short period of time, and climate is how the atmosphere "behaves" over relatively long periods of time.

Weather is basically the way the atmosphere is behaving, mainly with respect to its effects upon life and human
activities. The difference between weather and climate is that weather consists of the short-term (minutes to
months) changes in the atmosphere.

Both weather and climate refer to local conditions (temperature, rainfall, wind strength, etc.) in a particular location
or region, but the main difference between them is a matter of time.
“Weather” refers to local conditions on the scale of minutes, hours, days, and even months to years: you can have a
particularly wet month, warm winter, or rainy decade.
“Climate” is an average of weather conditions over 30 years or more, and can be assessed for a single location,
large area, or globally.
While weather can change dramatically in a single location from day to day (for example, cold and rainy one day,
followed by hot, dry conditions the next day), climate generally changes less quickly because it represents the
average of weather conditions over a longer period of time.

Objectives and Purpose of climatological routing and weather routing in planning a voyage.
Ship weather routing develops an optimum track for ocean voyages based on forecasts of weather, sea conditions,
and a ship’s individual characteristics for a particular transit. Within specified limits of weather and sea conditions,
the term optimum is used to mean maximum safety and crew comfort, minimum fuel consumption, minimum time
underway, or any desired combination of these factors. The purpose of this chapter is to acquaint the mariner with
the basic philosophy and procedures of ship weather routing as an aid

The benefits of ship weather routing services are primarily in time and cost reductions and increased safety. The
savings in operating costs are derived from reductions in transit time, heavy weather encounters, fuel consumption,
cargo and hull damage, and more efficient scheduling of dockside activities. The savings are further increased by
fewer emergency repairs, more efficient use of personnel, improved topside working conditions, lower insurance
rates as preferred risks under weather routing, and ultimately, extended ship operating life
Submit your answer via email ____________ on or before _____________.
 Republic of the Philippines
ZAMBOANGA STATE COLLEGE OF MARINE SCIENCES ANDTECHNOLOGY
Fort Pilar, Zamboanga City
Tel No: (062) 991-0644 Telefax (062) 991-0777 website: http/www.zscmst.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION

PERFORMANCE RUBRICS IN NAV 7

NAV 7 Voyage Planning

TOPIC: Objectives and Purpose of weather routing in planning a voyage

LO: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding in voyage planning
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ;
1. Explain weather and climate.
2. Identify the difference between weather and climate.
3. Limitation of weather routeing service by the master.
4. Requirements of sea passage in voyage planning.
5. Analyze importance of the time of arrival in passage planning.
OUPUT LEVEL POINTS KEY INDICATORS
Pass 4 Shows a deep/robust understanding of the topic and can perform the task with no error committed.
Considerable 3 Shows a limited understanding of the topic and can perform the task with less error committed.
Repeat 2 Shows a superficial understanding of the topic can perform the task and always committed an error.
Failed 1 Shows no understanding of the topic and cannot perform the task.
NO. NAME OF STUDENTS CRITERIA 1 CRITERIA 2 CRITERIA 3 CRITERIA 4 CRITERIA 5
4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
TOTAL SCORE
RATING SCALE:
POINTS
EARNED NUMERICAL RATING DESCRIPTIVE RATING
18-20 90% - 100% Outstanding
13-17 80% - 89% Very Good Assessed
9-12 70% - 79% Good
5-8 60% - 69% Fair by:_____________________________
1-4 50% - 59% Needs Improvement
0-3 0 - 49% Failed