EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

QUARTER 1 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS MODULE 7

MELC 18 Week No. 8 Code: S11/12ES-Ig-36: Using hazard maps, identify areas prone to hazards
brought about by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or ipo -ipo.
MELC 19 Week No. 8 Code: S11/12ES-Ih-38: Describe how coastal processes result in coastal
erosion, submersion, and saltwater intrusion.
MELC 20 Week No. 8 Code: S11/12ES-Ii-41: cite ways to prevent or mitigate the impact of land
development, waste disposal, and construction of structures on control coastal processes
Earth and Life Science – Grade 11
Supplementary Learning Material
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand
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do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

Writer: Henrick C. Bajo
Content Editor: Agnes A. Alegre, PhD
Language Editor: Roxane S. Villanueva
Layout and Design Editor: Henrick C. Bajo
Illustrator: Henrick C. Bajo
Cover Layout Artist: Nemesio S. Cancan Jr.
MANAGEMENT TEAM
OIC-SDS: Romela M. Cruz, CESE
CID Chief: Alyn G. Mendoza, PhDTE
SGOD Chief: Emma G. Arrubio
EPS-in-Charge: Restituto I. Rodelas
EPS-LRMS: Ruby E. Baniqued, EDD

Department of Education – Schools Division Office, Mandaluyong

Office Address: Calbayog St. Highway Hills, Mandaluyong City
Telephone number: CID- 79552557
E-mail Address:sdo.mandaluyong@deped.gov.ph ● www.depedmandaluyong.org
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Handle this module with care. Use a separate sheet in answering the
exercises.
2. Read the directions carefully before doing each task.
3. Activities in this module can be done individually or with the help of your
teacher, home learning partner or knowledge source partner.
4. Finish this module for the intended week.
5. Return this module to the authorize person in charge of retrieval.

1. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ig-36 2. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ih-38 3. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ii-41

 Earth & Life
Science

NAME SECTION SCORE

TEACHER DATE

OBJECTIVES Af ter you have f inished working on this module, you are expected to:
After you have finished
1. Determine areas that are prone to various hydrometeorological hazards.
2. Analyze how hydrometeorological hazard maps work.
3. Describe the different coastal processes and their influence and hazards on coastal
landforms.
4. Explain the different ways to cope with coastal hazards, particularly on coastal
erosion, submersion and saltwater intrusion.
5. Evaluate the appropriateness and effectivity of the different mitigation measures to
minimize or prevent various coastal hazards .

PRETEST Answer this to determine how much you already know about the lessons.

TRUE OR FALSE. Identify which of the following statements is correct by writing

TRUE on the space before each item. Otherwise, write FALSE
_____1. Hazard maps does not rely on historical data.
_____2. Project NOAH main focuses is on typhoon data
_____3. Project NOAH helps us assessing national hazards.
_____4. Topographic features are typically removed in hazard maps.
_____5. The process of accretion is identical to how reclamation is done.
_____6. The deposition may result from the action of constructive waves.
_____7. Backwash and swash are actions associated with destructive waves.
_____8. The different hazards related to topography are also included in Project NOAH.
_____9. Submersion attributed to global warming can cause lowland areas to disappear.
_____10. Saltwater intrusion will most likely occur when waves enter an area of shallow
water.

REVIEW How can you relate the lessons in this module to your prior knowledge?

Recall the different names of tropical cyclone depending on the location where they are
formed.

1. A _____________is formed west of the Pacific Ocean.

2. A _____________ is formed in the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific.
3. A _____________ is formed in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean.

1. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ig-36 2. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ih-38 3. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ii-41

 KEY CONCEPTS Af ter the end of this module, you should have learned that:

Coastal Processes
naturally-occurring human-induced

Waves and Tides Submersion Saltwater Intrusion

can cause
Accretion Attrition Bioerosion Corosion Abrasion

Hydrometeorological hazard maps shows the level of risk in an area due to floods,
tropical cyclones, monsoons, and tornadoes.
Project N.O.A.H. lead the creation of accurate and high resolution maps of Philippine
landscape and helps in hydrometeorological risk mitigation.
Infrastructures along coastline increases the incidents of sediment run-off that
contribute to coastal erosion.
PD 1586 has established the implementation of Philippine Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) pointing out the dangers before, during, and after development.
Environmental risk assessments (ERAs) help identify and evaluate the effects on the
ecosystem of any hazards caused by land development.

INTRODUCTION Get READY. SET yourself to #studymode. Here we GO !!!

Hydrometeorological hazard maps plot the levels of risk of an area. These maps may be in a local
area or the whole country. These assess potential damage due to floods, tropical cyclones, winds,
monsoons, and other hydrometeorological phenomena.

NOAH is an initiative that aims to reduce the damage caused by calamities to

properties and human life. The program led to the development of very high-resolution maps of
Philippine landscape. All maps are available in the Project NOAH website at http://noah.dost.gov.ph
and in the mobile app called ARKO .

Project NOAH’s website contains a large amount of valuable information. Some of these include the
following:
1. precipitation data;
2. real-time information about the changes in the water level of rivers and streams;
3. real-time information from rain gauges and sensors that may serve as early flood warnings;
4. flood hazard maps ;
5. hazard maps for the landslide-related phenomenon;
6. storm surge historical data; and many more.

ACTIVITY 1 GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS: Knowing & Coping

Objective: This is an activity that will allow you to familiarize with Project NOAH. Use the
diagram below to answer the following questions.

1. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ig-36 2. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ih-38 3. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ii-41

http://noah.up.edu.ph/#/section/geoserver/flood25
LEARNING TASK: List at least ten (10) areas in Metro Manila that you have been to or visited
because of family or friends living in those areas. Determine the risks of flood hazard of those
area using the above flood hazard map of Metro Manila. Fill up the table below.
AREA (Barangay, City) FLOOD HAZARD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Guide Questions:
1. What could be the reason why some areas in Metro Manila have high risk of flooding?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the general hazard risk of flooding for Mandaluyong City?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What other examples of hazards can be assessed by Project NOAH?
____________________________________________________________________________________________

INTRODUCTION Get READY. SET yourself to #studymode. Here we GO !!!

Coastal zone or coast is the region where the land processes and the sea meet and interact. It is
constantly changing and is shaped by different natural and human processes.
Waves are undulations in the water surface as a result of wind. Wave action may result in erosion of
rocks or the deposition of sediments along coasts. Waves can be destructive or constructive.
Tides are the variations in the water level of oceans as a result of gravitational effects of the moon and
Sun in relation to Earth.
Storm surges are the production of exceptionally high levels of coast al water by strong onshore winds
and low barometric pressures caused by storms.

1. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ig-36 2. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ih-38 3. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ii-41

Coastal erosion involves processes causing debris and rock material along coasts to wear off and be
carried away. The main processes that cause coastal erosion are:
1. Accretion is the process of increasing the area of land along coasts as a result of
deposition and sedimentation.
2. Abrasion is a form of erosion on rocky shores resulting from waves hitting the coast or
windblown sand hitting rocks.
3. Attrition is the breaking and wearing down of debris from cliffs and rocky shores
because waves agitate the materials.
4. Corrosion occurs where acidic seawater dissolves the limestones or chalk
5. Bioerosion is erosion caused by the action of marine organisms like mollusks, sea
urchins, and coastal flora.
Submersion is when the sediment is submerged underwater and eventually replaced back to its
original location.
Saltwater intrusion is the movement of seawater into coastal freshwater aquifers. It is directly
affected by the water supply, and thus, happens naturally to a certain extent.

ACTIVITY 2 COASTAL PROCESSES

PART A. LEARNING TASK: Identify which type of coastal erosion processes is depicted by the
following images. Underline your answer.

1. Accretion OR Attrition 2. Abrasion OR Corrosion 3. Bioerosion OR Accretion

4. Abrasion OR Corrosion 5.Atrittion OR Bioerosion 6.Submersion OR Accretion

PART B. What are the environmental problems that concern Philippine coastal areas?

Problem:

Solution:

1. Manila de Bay

1. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ig-36 2. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ih-38 3. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ii-41

 Problem:

Solution:

2. Boracay Island

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING. Answer this bef ore proceeding to the next part.
What are the effects of coastal processes on the ecological conditions of
coastal areas?

WRAP-UP Great job! Now it’s time f or you to ref lect on what you have learned.

Write 3 coastal areas that is popular destination for ecotourism in the Philippines you wish to visit.
Explain why you select those areas.

POST TEST Answer this to determine how much you gained f rom the lessons.

1. Which of the following refers to the tool that shows the level of risk in an area due to
potential damage from floods, tropical cyclones, monsoons and other hydrometeorological
phenomena?
A. Biodiversity Map C. Hydrometeorological Map
B. Environment Disaster Map D. Richter Scale
2. Which of the following would you likely not encounter when looking at a hazard map?
A. It shows areas susceptible to hazard. C. It displays location of commercial areas.
B. It contains a base or a topographic map. D. It shows safe areas or possible evacuation centers.
3. Using the Hydrometeorological Map of Metro Manila, which of the following city is most
susceptible to high-height flood?
A. Makati B. Mandaluyong C. Marikina D. Pasig
4. Which of the following is produced when there is undulation in water surface caused by
strong wind?
A. tide B. tornado C. typhoon D. Waves
5. Which of the following would most likely to happen in an area that experiences continuous
surface erosion?
A. The area will remain intact despite of erosion.
B. Cliffs will form due to the erosion of the area.
C. Some points in the area will be submerged in seawater.
D. Constructive waves will bring back sediments to the area.
6. Which of the following is most likely to occur when there is a rise in sea level due to global
warming?
A. Abrasion B. Corrosion C. Saltwater Intrusion D. Submersion
7. The increase in demand for freshwater when a coast al area is developed will likely result
into what type of coastal hazards?
A. Abrasion B. Coastal Accretion C. Submersion D. Saltwater intrusion
8. Which type of erosion is caused by marine organisms?
A. Abrasion B. Bioerosion C. Corrosion D. Submersion

1. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ig-36 2. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ih-38 3. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ii-41

9. Which of the following best explains why construction of infrastructures must be done at a
“safe distance” from the coasts?
A. Construction does not pose dangers to the coasts.
B. It protects the infrastructure from coastal processes.
C. It protects the construction from the effects of high tides.
D. It provides the infrastructure with a better view of the coasts
10. Which of the following is being done in an ongoing infrastructural project as it used to
identify and evaluate the effects on the ecosystem?
A. blueprint C. preventive method
B. environmental risk assessment D. solid waste management

REFERENCES:

• Tarbuck, Edward J., and Lutgens, Frederick K. 2015. Earth Science. 14th edition. Pearson
Education Inc. USA.
• Columbia University in the City of New York. Coastal Processes. Accessed JUNE 20,2020.
http:// www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/coastal_basic.htm
• Quipper Teachers Guide Unit 13.2 Understanding Hydrometeorological Hazards. Accessed
June 12, 2020.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/115JWiKDuUQdCV0TlKhcilcbgfs3gqvmO/viewhttps://drive.
google.com/file/d/115JWiKDuUQdCV0TlKhcilcbgfs3gqvmO/view
• Quipper Teachers Guide Unit 14.1 Coastal Processes. Accessed June 12, 2020.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VBRZ6Cm-F_vvvGfVJh1gwRbClh7r0pUj/view
• Quipper Teachers Guide Unit 14.2 Mitigation of Impacts of Land Development and Waste
Disposal on Coast. Accessed June 12, 2020.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/14Dp2rZIJcrfPhYWWLF3v8zvwro7MtAYK/view

PHOTO CREDITS:

https://www.nps.gov/articles/coastal-processes-erosion.htm

https://www.nps.gov/articles/effects-of-grain-size-and-slope.htm

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Haast_River_18.jpg

https://www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/15814993988

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BeachErosionTP.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Varing_Osmussaar.JPG

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roxas_blvd.__along_Manila_Bay;_aerial_shot_from_Legaspi
_Towers.jpg

https://www.flickr.com/photos/ashleyt/13354142693

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division Office-Mandaluyong

Calbayog Street, Highway Hills, Mandaluyong City 1500

Telefax: (632) 79552557

Email Address: sdo.mandaluyong@deped.gov.ph www.depedmandaluyong.org

1. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ig-36 2. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ih-38 3. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ii-41

1. MELC Code: S11/12ES-If-30 2. MELC Code: S11/12ES-If-31 3. MELC Code: S11/12ES-If-33
1. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ig-36 2. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ih-38 3. MELC Code: S11/12ES-Ii-41