. (1) 7 

8 1
. n ∈ IN
 b a 
* *
. 11  1996 1996
 
   (1
a n ∧ b n = (a ∧ b ) n !  (1 . 5  N = 2222 + 3333
3333 2222
 
  (2
n +1
a n / b n = a / b ! 3+ + (2 (∀n ∈ IN ) : 9 / n 4 − (n + 1)4n + 1 (a (3
(∀x ∈ * ): x n ∈
⇔ x ∈
!  (3 (∀n ∈ IN ) : 6 / n (2n + 1)(7 n + 1) (b
. 7  4 n    
   (a (4
9 :  
 n     (b
(1) 3 x − 5 y = 13  Ζ
) %+
2 . 7  A = 8513n + 8512 n + 2
. (1)  Ζ 2
) * (1 () 3 " #$ %&
'  n    !  (5
x . 52 n + 5n + 1 ≡ 0 [31]
. ∈ Ζ 0 (1)  (x,y) *   (2
y
:   Ζ  k *  !  (3 2
(5k + 1) ∧ (3k − 2) = ( k − 5) ∧ 13 : + Ζ
) *
3 x − 5 y = 13 : 2  Ζ 2
) * (4 . 3n − 2 ≡ 0[n + 3](2 n + 8 ≡ 0[n − 2](1

 x ∧ y = 13

3
10 .  % , - .%)  A 
a ∧ b = 1 ⇔ (a + b ) ∧ ab = 1 : !  (1
2 2
/ 4  A 
  
.
*  b a *
x 2 + y 2 = 1300 : 2   * ×  *
)%+ (2 4
(S ) : 
 ( x ∧ y ).( x ∨ y ) = 600 *
0
 d c b a 
d = x ∧ y (S ) 2  * ( x , y )  a ∧b = c ∧d =1
. (S ) 2  * (b . d = 10 !  (a ac ∧ bd = (a ∧ d ).(b ∧ c ) ! 

11 5
(5n − n) ∧ (n + 2) = (n + 2) ∧ 38 !  (1
3
! . a ∧ b = 1 0
 b a  (1
*

. n + 2 / 5n 3 − n 6-!   
+ n   (2 (a − b ) ∧ (a 2 − b 2 ) (b
3 3
(11a + 5b ) ∧ (13a + 6b ) (a
d = (5n 3 − n) ∧ (n + 2)      (3 (n !+ 1) ∧ ((n + 1)!+ 1) ! (2
(5n 3 − n ) ∧ (n + 2) = 19 6-!   
+ n   (4
6
12   n ∈ IN *  ! 
*

: 0
 ! p n m  (21n + 4) ∧ (14n + 3) = 1 (1

mnp ≡ 0 [ 7 ] !  . m 3 + n 3 + p 3 ≡ 0 [7] (n + 2n ) ∧ (n 4 + 3n 2 + 1) = 1 (2
3

(2n + 3n ) ∧ (2n +1 + 3n +1 ) = 1 (3
13
n ∈ * − {1} *
7$ 7
*2
: + 12  IN
) *
a = n 2 − 3n + 6 b = n −1
 xy = 1512  x + y = 48
a ∧ b = b ∧ 4 : !  (1  (3  (1
 x ∨ y = 252  x∧ y = 6
. n    a ∧ b 3+ + (2
 x ∨ y = 210( x ∧ y)  x + y = 276  x∧ y = 5
 (6  (5  (4
 y− x = x∧ y  x ∨ y = 1440  x ∨ y = 30
 x ∨ y − 3( x ∧ y) = 108
x ∨ y − ( x ∧ y) = 187 (8  (7
 10 ≤ x ∧ y ≤ 15
 . p ≡ 1[4] ! 3+ + (b 14
∗
/ (E)  *   -
  (7 . 6  )  ! Ζ   b a
+8  *
)
. n = a 4 + b 4 7$
18 ( 2 / k (k + 1) ! 29) (∀k ∈ Ζ) : (2k + 1) 4 ≡ 1[16] !  (a (1
36
(x )
+ 45
(x )
= 103
(x )
:0 IN *   x  . n ≡ 2[16] ! n ≡ 1[16] ! :  3+ +(b
(x ) (x ) . n  .%)
 !  p  (2
36 × 45 !
. ( #; ) p ∧ b = 1 p ∧ a = 1 !  (a
. ca ≡ −1[ p ] 0 Z  c -   !  (b
19
(10 ) . x 4 ≡ −1[ p ] 0 Z  x -   ! 3+ + (c
N ≡ abc 0 IN   c b a  !  Fermat < 8 * p *    *+ (d
N ≡ 0 [17] ⇒ (2a − c ) + 2b 2 ≡ 0 [17] ! 
2
. p ≡ 1[8]

20 15
. n ≥ 6 0
' BC  n 
(n ) (n )
a ≡ 0[3] ! a ≡ 1[3] : Z  a * !  (a (1
2 2

. d n = a ∧ b a = 2310 7$ b = 252 : ! 3+ + (b

. (2n + 1) / a (2n + 1) / b !  (1 (∀(a, b) ∈ Z ) : a + b ≡ 0[3] ⇒ a ≡ b ≡ 0[3]
2 2 2

∆ n = (n + n ) ∧ (n + 2)  n 9  (2

2
x 2 + y 2 = 3z 2 0 ( x, y, z ) ∈ Z 3  (2
3 z 2 ≡ 0[9] x ≡ y ≡ 0[3] : !  (a
( n  - D  E  )
. d n ∈ {2(2n + 1) , 2n + 1} !  (3
x ≡ y ≡ z ≡ 0[3] : ! 3+ + (b
:
) Z 2
) * , n = 6 ;8 (4
ax + by = −26
16
234x (6) ≡ 0 [ 4] 0 IN  x  (1
21
: 0 IN  z y x  %+ bacb (10) ≡ 0 [ 7 ]
 0 IN  c b a  (2
bacb (10) ≡ 0 [99]
(x ) (x )
z = 101 y = 131
. x G 1  2
) x.y.z A- +! (1 xyz (7) = zyx (11) 0 IN  z y x  (3
/x G 1  2
) x + y + z +  * (2
x + y + z = 50 : ! 1  (3 17
: 8) ( .%H  2
) )
(10 ) (x )
(E ) x + y = 7
2 3
 Ζ 2

) %+
x.y.z x+y+z . Ζ
) * .! *+ 9 x 2 + 1 ≡ 0[8]  !  (I
(x )
?    
   , N = 342 y  (4 . (x,y) ? *+ (E)  
 ) =%+> (II
 . y=2z+1  7$ . .%)  y !  (1
. x = 6 *-!  5  I! m = 4 z + 8 z + 7 0 x 2 + 1 = (2 − y )m ! @+ (2
2

x = 17 *-!  12  I . m ≡ 3[4] !  (3

*   A-  m :>+ m = P1α1 P2α 2  Prα r  (4
22 .  !
6  )  ! '  n m  (1 !  (a
. 6  )  ! mn m+n !  (a (∀i ∈ {1,2,......, r}) : Pi ≡ 1[4] ‫أو‬ Pi ≡ 3[4]
Pi ≡ 3[4] 0 1 ≤ i ≤ r -   ! #;  (b
.
- D %;J .%) ab a+b  ! !  (b
7$ K IN *  y x  (2
:
  @ p
 !  -   ! @  3+ +(5
x y
a= b= ∆ = x∧ y M = x∨ y  p≥3
∆ ∆ 
 p ≡ 3[4]
 x + y = 120 (a + b)ab = 120 !  (a
 ⇔  x 2 + 1 ≡ 0[ p ]
 M = ∆ 2
 ab = ∆ 
p −1
≡ 1[ p ] !  (a (6
 x + y = 120
2
. 
2  *  IN *
) 3+ + (b (−1) 2
 M=∆
2

. ( Fermat *+ − 1 ≡ x [ p ] ! 29 )

2
  x + y = 120 (a + b)ab = 120 !  (a 23
 ⇔
 M=∆ ab = ∆
2
 d = A ∧ B ; B = 4 k ; A = 9( k + 3) k ∈ IN 
*

 x + y = 120
2
. 
2  *  IN *
) 3+ + (b . d / 108 !  (1
 M=∆
2
. d 9 2 (i 6-!   
+ k   (2
. d 9 3 (ii
27 . d=1 !  (a k = 2 + 6m  (3
(∀(a, b) ∈ Ζ ) : a ∧ b = 1 ⇒ a ∧ b(a + b) = 1 ! 
2
Ax − By = 108  Ζ 2
) * (b
x(43 − x) = y ( x + y ) 0 IN *  y x  (2
y = dy ' x = dx' x ∧ y = d 7$ 24
. x' / d !  (a x + 2 y = z (1)  %+ IN 3
)
2 2 2

d . (∀(m, n) ∈ IN * 2 ): m2 2 ⇒ m !  (a (1
. α= 7$ (b n n
x'
x ∧ y = 1 6)  
+  G%+ !
>  !  (b
. α = 1 ! 3 + α ( x' 2 + x' y '+ y ' 2 ) = 43 ! 
2
.
. x(43 − x) = y ( x + y )  IN *
) * (3 . (1) 
) x ∧ y = 1 ! =%+>
 )
z x () (1)  ? ( x, y, z)    !  (a (2
%)
28 .
- D y
x n = 2 − 1 7$ n ∈ IN * *
n
! 3+ +
- D d !  d = ( z − x) ∧ ( z + x) 7$ (b
(∀n ∈ IN * ) : x n +1 = 2 x n + 1 !  (a (1 (I d=2
b’ c’ -   () c ∧ b = 1 a = bc    !  (c
2
(∀n ∈ IN * ) : x n +1 ∧ x n = 1 ! 3+ + (b
. c = c' 2 b = b' 2 0
! 29) n ≡ 0[6] ⇔ x n ≡ 0[9] : !  (a (2
3 + x = 2 β 3 − x = 2α 0 IN  β α  (d
( 2 6 ≡ 1[9] . (1)  *  3+ +
- D β ! α ! 
0 n ∈ IN *    6 9 -   ! 3+ + (b
n ∧ xn ≠ 1
(∀(n, m) ∈ IN *2 ) : n / m ⇒ x n / x m !  (a (3 25
*

 r    !  . IN  n m  (b : 7$ K ( n ∈ IN * ) 
x n  x m 
  x r () n  m  . Cn = ( n(n + 1) ) 2 K Bn = n(n + 1)(2n + 1) K An = n(n + 1)
2
( 2 n ≡ 1[x n ] ! 29)
6 2
*
. IN *
+ + An , Bn , Cn !  (1
x m ∧ x n = x n ∧ x r ! 3+ +(c (3%+ )  *+ ) An ∧ Bn  (2
Dn = Cn ∧ Cn +1 7$ (3
: ! G ! D% ; *+  (d (n%+ )  *+ ) Dn  (a
(∀(m, n) ∈ IN *2 ) : x m ∧ x n = x m ∧ n Cn , Cn +1 , Cn + 2  !  n ∈ IN * − {1}  (b
: !  ! %
 ) (II  !
(∀k ∈ IN )(∃i ∈ {1,2,3,.....,2k }) : 2k + 1 / xi
*
. 6  )
:
 G =%+> A = pa + qb 7$ Ζ *  b a 5%+
(∃k ∈ IN )(∀i ∈ {1,2,3,.....,2k}) : xi ≠ 0[2k + 1]
*
7 B = ra + sb
2k + 1  xi 
 Ri  A ≠ 0 , B ≠ 0 ps − qr = 1 @+ ( p, q , r , s) ∈Ζ 4
(∀i ∈ {1,2,3,.....,2k }) : 1 ≤ Ri ≤ 2k : ! @+ (1 . A ∧ B = a ∧ b ! 
xi ≡ 2k [2k + 1] ⇔ 2 i ≡ 0[2k + 1] : !  (a (2
(∀i ∈ {1,2,3,.....,2k }) : Ri ≠ 2k ! 3+ + (b 26
. 6  )  ! '  n m  (1
.  <  < >+; Ri
  !  (3
. 6  )  ! mn m+n !  (a
/ 3+ ++  (4 .
- D %;J .%) ab a+b  ! !  (b
7$ K IN *  y x  (2
x y
a= b= ∆ = x∧ y M = x∨ y
∆ ∆
 29
x ∧ y = 1 0 '  y x  (1

. IN  α , β * xα ∧ y β =1 ! 

bi ∧ b j = 1 0   %& %-  a  (2

b1b2 ....... bn
a 1 , a 2 ,....., a n  C !  - 1<! . ∀i ≠ j
0
. a a a a
= 1 + 2 +......+ n
bb
1 2 ......bn b1 b2 bn
!  - 1<! .
 ! %& IN *  b Ζ *  a  (3
%& 
bi ∧ b j = 1 0 a 1 , a 2 ,......, a n , b1 , b2 ,......., bn  

a a1 a 2 a
= + +.........+ n
b b1 b2 bn

30
a ≡ 0[3]  a ≡ 1[3] : Z  a    (a (1
2 2

:   (b
(∀(a, b) ∈ Z ) : a + b ≡ 0[3] ⇒ a ≡ b ≡ 0[3]
2 2 2

x 2 + y 2 = 3 z 2  ( x, y, z ) ∈ Z 3  (2
3 z 2 ≡ 0[9]  x ≡ y ≡ 0[3] :   (a
x ≡ y ≡ z ≡ 0[3] :   (b

31
:   (1
(∀a, b) ∈ Z 2 ) : a ∧ b = 1 ⇔ (a + b) ∧ (a 2 + ab + b 2 ) = 1
:  Ζ 2   (2
19(a + b) = 5(a 2 + ab + b 2 )

 a ∧b =1
:  ! Ζ 2   (3
. 19( a + b )( a ∧ b ) = 5( a + ab + b )
2 2