Concepts and references

No. lectures Concepts Resources

Lecture 1 a- What is atom · Zumdahl, chapter 7, sections 6,

- Mass no 8, 11
- Atomic no · MasterAPChemistry, chapter 4
- Protons, electrons, neutrons (Atomic structure)
- Mass concentrated
- Cation Vs. Anion
- Atomic number controls Chemical
properties
- Mass no. controls Physical properties

b- Electronic configuration
- Main energy levels
- Aufbau principle
- Abbreviation by Nobel gases
- Hund’s rule
- Valency, Valence electrons and Oxidation
no.
- Exceptions:
- For d sublevel
- For F sublevel c
- Go deeper - Binding energy of atom
- Binding energy of electrons
- Calculation of binding energy
- Electron affinity
- Ionization energy
- Isotopes, Isobars and Isotones
- Stability of isotopes
- Radiation
- Alpha particles
- Beta Particles
- Gamma Rays
- Losing is in mass no
Lecture 2 a. Quantum no. · Zumdahl, chapter 3
b. Mole and Molar mass · MasterAP Chemistry, chapter 12
c. Mole conversions (stoichiometry)
d. Mass Percent
e. Empirical Formula
f. Molecular Formula
g. Limiting Reagent
h. Theoretical and Actual yield
Lecture 3 a. The concept of pressure · Zumdahl, chapter 5
b. Boyle’s law · MasterAP Chemistry, chapter 8
c. Charles’s law (Gases)
d. Avogadro’s principle
e. Ideal Gas Law
f. Dalton's Law of partial pressure
g. Collecting gas above water
h. Real Gases
Lecture 4 A-Nomenclature · Zumdahl, Chapter 2, section 8
- Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I) · Zumdahl, chapter 4
- Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II) · MasterAPChemistry, chapter 10
- Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic (solutions)
Ions · MasterAPChemistry, chapter 11
B-Qualitative and Quantitative analysis (reaction types)
- volumetric
- Titration
- Gravimetric
- Precipitation
- Volatilization
- Instrumental
Solutions
- Molality
- Normality
- Mole fraction
reactions in solutions
- Precipitation reactions
- Acid–base reactions
- Oxidation–reduction reactions
Lecture 5 ·​ ​Organization of elements · Zumdahl, chapter 7 except 7.1,
7.4, 7.5, 7.7, 7.8
·​ ​Periodic table
· Zumdahl, chapter 8 ​section​ 2
a- S block
● Zumdahl, chapter 20
+ Hydrogen
+ Alkali metals · MasterAPChemistry, chapter 4
+ Alkaline Earth (Atomic structure)
metals
b- P block

+ Halogens

+ Noble gas

+ Oxygen group

+ Nitrogen Group

+ Boron Family

+ Carbon Family

c- D, F block

+ Transition
Elements

+ Lanthanides

+ Actinides

·​ ​Periodic trends

a- Atomic radius

b- Ionic radius

c- Ionization Energy

d- Electron Affinity

E- Electronegativity
Lecture 6 ·​ ​Coulomb's Law - Zumdahl, chapter 8
·​ ​Electron pairing
- Zumdahl, chapter 9, section
·​ ​Electron spin
1
·​ ​Orbitals
·​ ​Energy levels and sub-levels - AP, chapter 6, 7 (Bonding)
·​ ​Electronegativity

·​ ​Bonds

A- Chemical bonds

- Ionic

- Metallic

- Covalent

- Polarity

- Hybrid orbitals

B- Physical bonds

- Van der Waals forces

- Dipole forces
- Hydrogen bonds

- London dispersion
forces

·​ ​VSEPR theory

Lewis structure
Lecture 7 Zumdahl, chapter 11
§​Classification of matter  AP, chapter 10

§​Solutions 

§​- Classification of solutions 

1- Type of solvent 

  - Liquid 

  - Gas 

  - Solid 

I.​Complete​ solid Solution 

II.​Partial​ Solid Solution. 

III.​Incomplete​ Solid Solution. 

§​2- Polarity 

§​3- Conduction 
- Heating curve of pure elements 
- Cooling curves 
- Solubility 
- Ion classification according to 
solubility 
- Raoult’s law 
- Colligative properties 
‣A. Boiling point elevation 
‣B. Freezing point depression 
‣C. Osmotic pressure 
‣D. Reverse osmosis 
‣E. Colloids. 
Lecture 8 Zumdahl, chapter 12 and spontaneity in
1- ​Reaction types chapter 17

A- ​Complete
AP, chapter 16 and spontaneity in chapter
17
B- ​reversible

C- ​Equilibrium

D- ​Spontaneous and non spontaneous

•​Entropy

•​Reaction rate and factors affecting it

-​Method 1:Instantaneous rate

-​Method 2: Computing average reaction rate

-Rate laws
-- Differential law
-Integral law
-Order of the reaction
-Reaction mechanism
-Half time
-Activation Energy
Lecture 9 Zumdahl, chapter 13
AP, chapter 13
Lecture 10 -​Acids and Bases Zumdahl, chapters 14, 15 and 16
AP, chapter 14, 15
-​The Nature of Acids and Bases
-​Acid Strength
-​The pH Scale
-​Calculating the pH of Strong Acid
Solutions ​
-​Calculating the pH of Weak Acid
Solutions ​
-​ Bases (CHEMICAL CONNECTIONS
Amines)
-​Polyprotic Acids
-​ Acid–Base Properties of Salts
-​The Effect of Structure on Acid–Base
Properties
-​Acid–Base Properties of Oxides ​
-​The Lewis Acid–Base Model ​
-​Strategy for Solving Acid–Base
Problems:

-Acid–Base Equilibria ​
-Solutions of Acids or Bases Containing a
Common Ion
-Buffered Solutions
-Buffering Capacity
-Titrations and pH Curves
-Acid–Base Indicators
Solubility and Complex Ion Equilibria
Solubility Equilibria and the Solubility
Product

CHEMICAL CONNECTIONS
The Chemistry of Teeth
Precipitation and Qualitative Analysis
Equilibria Involving Complex Ions
Lecture 11 Zumdahl, chapter 18
§​ Balancing Oxidation–Reduction AP, chapter 18
Equations
§​Redox reactions

§​Half reaction

§​EMF

§​Galvanic Cells

§​Standard Reduction Potentials

§​Cell Potential, Electrical Work,

and Free Energy
§​Dependence of Cell Potential on
Concentration
§​Ne​rnst equation
§Batteries
§Corrosion
§Production of aluminum
•Purification of metals
•Metal plating
•Electrolysis of sodium
chloride
•Production of chlorine and
sodium hydroxide