EGE 101 – MODULE 4
4.1 Definition of Approach, Strategy and
Technique
I. Teaching Approach
It is a set of principles,
beliefs, or ideas about the
nature of learning which is
translated into the classroom.
a) Teacher-Centered Approach
The teacher is perceived to be
the only reliable source of
information in contrast to the
learner-centered approach.
b) Learner-Centered Approach
In which it is premised on the
belief that the learner is also an
important resource because he/she
too knows something and is therefore
capable of sharing something.
c) Teacher Dominated Approach
The teacher does what he/she
planned without necessarily
considering the learner's interest,
concerns, and situations. In contrast
to learner centered classroom, the
teacher makes adjustments in his/her
lesson plans to accommodate learner's
interests and concerns.
d) Interactive Approach
In this approach, an interactive
classroom will have more student
talk and less teacher talk. Students
are given the opportunity to interact
with teacher and with other
students.
e) Constructivist Approach
The students are expected to
construct knowledge and meaning
out for what they are taught by
connecting them to prior
experience.
f) Banking Approach
The teacher deposits knowledge
into the “empty” minds of students
for students to commit to memory.
g) Individualistic Approach
It wants the individual students to
work by themselves.
h) Collaborative Approach
It will welcome group work,
teamwork, partnerships, and group
discussion.
II. Teaching Strategy
a) Metacognitive Strategies
empower students to think about
their own thinking. This
awareness of the learning process
enhances their control over their
own learning. It also enhances
personal capacity for self-regulation
and managing one's own
motivation for learning
b) Cognitive Strategies
one type of learning strategy that
learners use in order to learn
more successfully. These include
repetition, organising new
language, summarising meaning,
guessing meaning from context,
using imagery for memorisation.
c) Socio-affective Strategies
is the strategy that help learners
regulates and control emotions,
motivations, attitudes toward
learning, as well as help learners
learn through contact and
interaction with others.
III. Teaching Technique
a) Inquiry Technique
an approach that helps students
build their knowledge and
understanding through research
and exploration activities based
on existing knowledge.
b) Project Method
Is one of the modern method
of teaching in which, the
students point of view is given
importance in designing the
curricula and content of studies.
This method is based on the
philosophy of Pragmatism and the
principle of 'Learning by doing'.
c) Demonstrations Technique
s a teaching method used to
communicate an idea with the
aid of visuals such as flip charts,
posters, power point, etc. A
demonstration is the process of
teaching someone how to make
or do something in a step-by-
step process. As you show how,
you “tell” what you are doing.
 Differentiate the approach, strategy
and technique
d) Question and Answer Method

teaches students how to ask key 4.2 Approaches and Methods in

questions about their reading, and
then how to find the answers to their
questions — whether it means locating
a specific fact, drawing an inference, or
connecting the reading to their own
experience.
e) Field-Trips Technique
An educational field trip can be an
integral part of the instructional
program. Good field trips provide
participants with first hand
experience related to the topic or
concept being discussed in the
program. They provide unique
opportunities for learning that are
not available within the four walls of
a classroom.
f) Discussion Method
are a variety of forums for
open-ended, collaborative exchange of
ideas among a teacher and students or
among students for the purpose of
furthering students thinking, learning,
problem solving, understanding, or literary
appreciation.
Teaching AP in the Primary
Grades
Purpose of Social Studies in Primary in
Grades
1. Approaches in Teaching Social
Studies
a.) Problem Based-Learning
is a student-centered
approach in which students
learn about a subject by
working in groups to solve an
open-ended problem. This
problem is what drives the
motivation and the learning. 
b.) Spiral Approach
is a technique often used
in education where the initial focus
of instruction is the basic facts of
a subject, with further details
being introduced as learning
progresses.

g) Problem Solving Technique

 children learn by working on

problems. This enables the
students to learn new knowledge
by facing the problems to be
solved. The students are expected
to observe, understand, analyze,
interpret find solutions, and perform
applications that lead to a holistic
understanding of the concept.

c.) Conceptual Approach
 involves students engaged in
quality learning experiences based
around key concepts and central
ideas rather than using the more
traditional method of focusing on
learning on topics.
d.) Cause and Effect Approach
allows students to explore why
things happened or are happening
even if there is an unexpectedness
about the effects (Estes, Mintz, &
Gunter, 2011)." "The model promotes
student engagement and student
construction of critical thinking skills
as well as curriculum content.
2. Methods in Teaching Social Studies
a.) Simulation Method
an open-ended scenario presented
to students for them assume the roles of other
people, make decisions, resolve conflicts, and
make predictions to gain a deeper
understanding of concepts or events.
b.) Laboratory Method
The laboratory method in the social studies
involves the employment of source materials,
supplementary references, mechanical
devices, audio-visual aids, and"many other
life-like ac- tivities to supplement textbo'Ok
instruction, and to increase the effectiveness
of presentation and mastery.
c.) Inquiry Method
students learn through investigation,
similar to the kinds of investigation that
happen in experiment-based science
classes. Investigations start with a question
that students explore as they learn. Then,
they gather evidence from different sources to
help them answer the question.
e.) Project Method
The project method is a teacher-facilitated
collaborative approach in which students
acquire and apply knowledge and skills to
define and solve realistic problems using a
process of extended inquiry.
f.) Demonstrations Method
 A method demonstration is a teaching
method used to communicate an idea with
the aid of visuals such as flip charts,
posters, power point, etc. A demonstration
is the process of teaching someone how to
make or do something in a step-by-step
process.
g.) Question and Answer Method
The question-answer relationship (QAR)
comprehension strategy teaches students
how to ask key questions about their
reading, and then how to find the answers
to their questions — whether it means
locating a specific fact, drawing an inference,
or connecting the reading to their own
experience.
h.) Field-Trips Method
Field trips have long been used as a context
for teaching and learning in the social studies
and especially in history education (Noel,
2007). Field trips can provide students the
opportunity to construct knowledge
actively through interacting with historic
places, experts, and artifacts.
Field trips are most often done in 3
steps: preparation, activities and follow-up
activity. Preparation applies to both the
student and the teacher. Teachers often take
the time to learn about the destination and the
subject before the trip.
i.) Discussion Method
a variety of forums for open-ended,
collaborative exchange of ideas among a
teacher and students or among students for
the purpose of furthering students thinking,
learning, problem solving, understanding, or
literary appreciation.
 j.) Lecture Method
the formal, verbal presentation of
information or other material by an
instructor to a group of students or other
learners. The lecture method is used mainly
when groups are large or time is limited (e.g.,
in personnel training).

k.) Problem-solving Method

Problem solving is the process of identifying
an existing problem, determining the root
cause or causes of the problem, deciding the
best course of action in order to solve the
problem, and then finally implementing it to
solve the problem.

l.) Dramatization Method

is an animation by casting roles on a
subject using gestures, mimics. It is also
representation of the events that cannot be
experienced by the students as if they can be
experienced.

m.) Home Assignment Method

A home assignment is a piece of (academic)
work or task. It provides opportunity for
candidates to learn, practice and demonstrate
they have achieved the learning goals. It
provides the evidence for the assessor that
the candidates have achieved the goals.