• Purpose : to reduce the bandwidth requirement of AM by one-half.

This is
achieved by transmitting only the upper sideband or the lower sidebband of
the DSB AM signal.
 M()

baseband

−2B 2B →
0

DSB
− c c →
0

 SSB ( ) SSB (Upper sideband)

SSB
− c c →
0
• Selective Filtering using filters with sharp cutoff characteristics.
Sharp cutoff filters are difficult to design. The audio signal
spectrum has no dc component, therefore , the spectrum of the
modulated audio signal has a null around the carrier
frequency. This means a less than perfect filter can do a
reasonably good job of filtering the DSB to produce SSB
signals.
• Baseband signal must be bandpass
• Filter design challenges
• No low frequency components

0
− c c →
▪ Phase shift method using Hilbert transformer
▪ Non-causal filter, approximations

x
+
m(t)
cos( c ) ~
+  ssb( t )
− 
2

H( ) = 1 Hilbert
Transformer X

→
H(  )
2

→
− 
2
Synchronous, SSB-SC demodulation
 SSB ( t ) cos( c t ) = m( t ) cos( c t )  jm h ( t ) sin(  c t )cos(n(c t ) = 21 m( t )(1 + cos( c t ))  jm h ( t ) sin( 2 c t )

A lowpass filter can be used to get 21 m( t ).

SSB+C, envelop detection

 SSB+C ( t ) = A cos( c t ) + m( t ) cos( c t )  m h ( t ) sin(  c t )
An envelope detector can be used to demodulate such SSB signals .
What is the envelope of  SSB+C ( t ) = ( A + m( t )) cos( c t )) + m h ( t ) sin(  c t ) = E( t ) cos( c t + ) ?

( )
1

{Recall Acos( ) + Bsin(  ) = A 2 + B 2 2

cos( + ),  = − tan -1( B
A
))
E(t) = (( A + m( t ))2 + m h2 ( t )) = ((A 2 + m 2 ( t )) + m h2 ( t ) + 2Am( t ))
1 1
2 2

= A1 + A + A + A 
2
m (t) m (t)
2
2m( t )
h

 
2 2

 A + m( t ) for A  m(t) , A  m h (t).

The efficiency of this scheme is very low since A has to be large.
▪ Since the carrier is not transmitted, there is a reduction by
67% of the transmitted power (-4.7dBm). --In AM @100%
modulation: 2/3 of the power is comprised of the carrier; with
the remaining (1/3) power in both sidebands.
▪ Because in SSB, only one sideband is transmitted, there is a
further reduction by 50% in transmitted power
▪ Finally, because only one sideband is received, the receiver's
needed bandwidth is reduced by one half--thus effectively
reducing the required power by the transmitter another 50%
▪ (-4.7dBm (+) -3dBm (+) -3dBm = -10.7dBm).
▪ Relative expensive receiver
• VSB is a compromise between DSB and SSB. To produce SSB signal
from DSB signal ideal filters should be used to split the spectrum in
the middle so that the bandwidth of bandpass signal is reduced by
one half. In VSB system one sideband and a vestige of other
sideband are transmitted together. The resulting signal has a
bandwidth > the bandwidth of the modulating (baseband) signal but
< the DSB signal bandwidth.
DSB

− c c →
0
 SSB ( ) SSB (Upper sideband)

− c c →
0
 VSB ( ) VSB Spectrum

− c c →
Filtering scheme for the generation of VSB modulated wave.
m(t)  VSB ( ) e(t)
 VSB ( ) M()
Hi() LPF
Ho()

2cos( c t )
2cos( c t )
Transmitter Receiver

M() is bandlimite d to 2B rad/sec

 VSB () = [M( −  c ) + M( +  c )]Hi ()
E() = [ VSB ( −  c ) +  VSB ( +  c )]
= [Hi ( −  c )M( − 2 c ) + Hi ( +  c )M() + Hi ( −  c )M() + Hi ( +  c )M( + 2 c )]
High freq. term High freq. term
 M() = E()H o () = Hi ( +  c ) + Hi ( −  c )M()H o ()
+ [Hi ( −  c )M( − 2 c ) + Hi ( +  c )M( + 2 c )]H o ()
Lowpass filter removes this.
Thus we should have Hi ( + c ) + Hi ( − c )Ho () = 1 for   2B
1
OR H o () =
Hi (  +  c ) + Hi (  −  c )
▪ Envelope detection of VSB+C
▪ Analog TV:
▪ DSB, SSB and VSB
▪ DSB bandwidth too high
▪ SSB: baseband has low
frequency component, receiver
cost
▪ Relax the filter and baseband
requirement with modest
increase
in bandwidth
RADIO FREQUENCY BANDS
Classification Band Initials Frequency Range Characteristics

Extremely low ELF < 300 Hz

Ground wave
Infra low ILF 300 Hz - 3 kHz

Very low VLF 3 kHz - 30 kHz

Low LF 30 kHz - 300 kHz

Medium MF 300 kHz - 3 MHz Ground/Sky wave

High HF 3 MHz - 30 MHz Sky wave

Very high VHF 30 MHz - 300 MHz

Ultra high UHF 300 MHz - 3 GHz

Space wave
Super high SHF 3 GHz - 30 GHz

Extremely high EHF 30 GHz - 300 GHz

Tremendously high THF 300 GHz - 3000 GHz