1. A 240 mm dia.

steam pipe, 200 m long is covered with 50 mm of high temperature insulation of thermal
conductivity 0.092 W/m-K and 50 mm low temperature insulation of thermal conductivity 0.062 W/m-K. The
inner and outer surface temperatures are maintained at 340°C and 35°C respectively. Calculate the
following in SI unit:

a. the total heat loss per hour,

b. the heat loss per m2 of pipe surface,
c. the heat loss per m2 of outer surface,
d. the temperature between interfaces of two layers of insulation.

2. A hot gas at 330°C with convection coefficient 222 W/m2-K is flowing through a steel tube of outside
diameter 8 cm and thickness 1.3 cm. It is covered with an insulating material of thickness 2 cm, having
conductivity of 0.2 W/m-K. The outer surface of insulation is exposed to ambient air at 25°C with convection
coefficient of 55 W/m2-K. Calculate the following in SI unit:

a. heat loss to air from 5 m long tube.

b. the temperature drops due to thermal resistance of the hot gases, steel tube, the insulation
layer and the outside air. Take conductivity of steel 50 W/m-K.

3. A pipe carrying the liquid at -20°C is 10 mm in outer diameter and is exposed to ambient at 25°C with
convective heat transfer coefficient of 50 W/m2-K. It is proposed to apply the insulation of material having
thermal conductivity of 0.5 W/m-K. Calculate the heat loss for 2.5 mm, 7.5 mm and 15 mm thickness of
insulation over 1 m length. Which one is more effective thickness of insulation?

4. An insulated steam pipe located where the ambient temperature is 32⁰C, has an inside diameter of 50
mm with 10 mm thick wall. The outside diameter of the corrugated asbestos insulation is 125 mm and the
surface coefficient of still air, ho = 12 W/m2-K. Inside the pipe is steam having a temperature of 150⁰C with
film coefficient hi = 6000 W/m 2-K. Thermal conductivity of pipe and asbestos insulation are 45 and 0.12
W/m-K respectively. Determine in SI unit the heat loss per unit length of pipe.

5. A pipe with an outside diameter of 2.5 inches is insulated with 2 inches layer of asbestos (k = 0.396 Btu-
in/hr-ft2-⁰F), followed by a layer of cork 1.5 inches thick (k = 0.30 Btu-in/hr-ft2-⁰F). If the temperature at the
inner surface of the pipe is 290⁰F and at the outer surface of the cork is 90⁰F, calculate the heat loss per
100 ft of insulated pipe. (Btu/hr)

6. A 1.5 m pipe of negligible thickness holding a hot fluid at 140°C and having an outer diameter of 0.4 m
is insulated with three layers of each 50 mm thick insulation of k 1 = 0.02; k2 = 0.06; and k3 = 0.16 W/m-K
(starting from inside). The outside surface temperature is 30°C. Determine

a. the heat loss in Watts,

b. the temperatures between interfaces of insulating layers in °C

7. A 6 in. x 20 ft uninsulated pipe schedule 80 conveys steam at 385°F with an average ambient temperature
of 85°F. If the cost of the fuel is Php. 240.00 per 106 Btu with the net energy conversion efficiency of 78%,
what is the annual cost of the heat lost?

Note:

For 6’’ pipe scheduled 80: Do = 6.625 in.; Di = 5.761 in.

For iron: k = 30 Btu/hr-ft-°F
For the surface coefficients: hi = 1000 Btu/hr-ft2-°F; ho = 2 Btu/hr-ft2-°F