Quezon City University

College of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
AY 2022-23, 2nd Semester

Experiment #1: Power Supply with Variable Resistor for AC with 0-25V

and DC with 0-30V

Submitted by:

Group No: 1

Leader: Macariola, Kirk Jarroh S.

Members: Bonto, Natalie Kristine

Corpuz, Mark Anthony

Malmo, Aheidi Rose M.

Submitted to:

Engr. Leonard A. Catchillar

Comments Particulars

________________________________                       Min. Req’ts: _____       

________________________________ Data:           _____
________________________________ Analysis:     _____
________________________________ Conclusion: _____
 Quezon City University
College of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
AY 2022-23, 2nd Semester

I. OBJECTIVES

Ensuring safety
- A power supply must be designed with safety in mind, including protection against overcurrent,
overvoltage, and short circuits.

Filtering the output

- A power supply may need to filter the output voltage to remove any unwanted noise or ripple
that could interfere with the operation of the electronic devices.

Regulating the output voltage

- A power supply must be able to maintain a stable output voltage, even when the input voltage
or current varies. This is important for ensuring that electronic devices receive the correct
voltage and do not get damaged.

Providing adequate current

- A power supply must be able to supply enough current to meet the needs of the electronic
devices being powered. This is important for ensuring that the devices operate correctly and
do not become damaged.

II. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Input: The input is the source of power that the power supply will use to provide electrical power to
the electronic devices. It can be AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current) depending on the
design of the power supply.

Transformer: A transformer is used to convert the input voltage to a different level, such as stepping
down a high voltage AC input to a lower voltage DC output.

Rectifier: A rectifier is used to convert AC voltage to DC voltage. It can be a diode-based rectifier or

a bridge rectifier.

Capacitor: A capacitor is used to smooth out the DC voltage produced by the rectifier and reduce
any ripple or noise that may be present.

Voltage regulator: A voltage regulator is used to maintain a constant output voltage, even when the
input voltage or load changes.

Current limiting: A current limiting circuit is used to protect the power supply and the electronic
devices from overcurrent conditions.

Protection circuits: Protection circuits such as overvoltage protection, short circuit protection, and
thermal protection are used to protect the power supply and the electronic devices from damage.

Output: The output of the power supply is the generated electrical energy that is made available for
use. In this case, the power supply should provide two types of outputs: AC with a range of 0-25V and
DC with a range of 0-30V. The variable resistor plays a role in adjusting the output voltage within the
specified ranges.

III. MATERIALS/ TOOLS/ EQUIPMENT

 IC1: LM317T
 C1: 1000uF Electrolytic, 50V
 C2: 1000uF Electrolytic, 50V
 Quezon City University
College of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
AY 2022-23, 2nd Semester

 C3: 47uF Electrolytic, 50V

 In4007 Diode
 R1: 15 ohms, 1 W
 R2: (2) 150 ohms, 0.5 W
 R3: 470 ohms, 0.5 W
 R4: 15k ohms, 0.5 W
 R5: 1k ohms, 0.5 W
 LED
 S1: Power switch 
 Potentiometer 1: 5k or 10k ohms
 Potentiometer 2: 10k ohms
 3x3 PCB, 2x3 PCB
 Heat sink
 0.5 Fuse
 Drill and drill bit
 Acrylic sheet
 Solid Wires
 Male plug
 Ferric Chloride
 Soldering Iron and Lead
 Multitester
 Alligator clip

IV. METHODOLOGY

This chapter present the step by step procedure on creating a Power Supply Unit with
Variable Resistor for AC with 0-25V and DC with 0-30V.

1. Transfer the schematic diagram to a PCB board and draw a layout on it with a marker.
2. After drawing, place the PCB in a container with ferric chloride and leave it for 8-10 minutes
to form copper traces that allow circuit board components to connect.
3. Using a tissue or clothes, dry the PCB board and make a small hole in the traces for the
components with a small drill bit.
4. Make sure the components are in the correct order and have enough space between them.
5. Using a soldering iron, heat a solder to make a permanent strong connection between the
components and the PCB board (to ensure that all of the components are connected, use a
multi tester to check if it is properly connected and not easily removable).
6. Connect all wirings, especially the wires from the transformer (make sure the wires are
connected to their assigned parts to avoid a short circuit or damaging other components).
7. Since it is properly connected, use the multitester to check the AC and DC output values.
8. To make it more useful and safe to use, place it in a box or base, similar to an aquarium.

ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT SET UP

 Quezon City University
College of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
AY 2022-23, 2nd Semester

Figure 1. Block Diagram

Figure 2. Schematic Diagram

 Quezon City University
College of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
AY 2022-23, 2nd Semester

Figure 3. Pictorial or Wiring Diagram

Figure 4. PCB LAYOUT

VI. DATA AND RESULT

            This chapter presents the data gathered regarding the Power Supply with Variable Resistor
for AC with 0-25V and DC with 0-30V, and proceeds to the analysis and interpretation of the said
data.

Table #. Result for AC and DC output.

DC Output AC Output 

Required Voltage  0-30 volts 0-25 volts

Actual Voltage  1.3-31.6 volts 0-26.4 volts

Based on the given data that we measured, the voltage that has been reached in direct current
is around 29.6-31 volts, whereas a voltage limit of 30 volts is required. However, the alternative
current voltage reached its maximum point is 24-25 volts, since our transformer has 24 volts. 

The digital multimeter will measure our output voltage AC and DC in the power supply and how
it sees in a cathode ray oscilloscope.  
 Quezon City University
College of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
AY 2022-23, 2nd Semester

Figure 5. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope of DC Output Voltage at minimum value of 1.3 volts

Figure 5.1. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope of DC Output Voltage at 10.3 volts

Figure 5.2. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope DC Output Voltage at maximum value of 31.6 volts

Figure 6. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope graph of AC Voltage at minimum value of 0 volt

 Quezon City University
College of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
AY 2022-23, 2nd Semester

Figure 6.1. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope graph of AC Voltage at 11.2 volts

Figure 6.2. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope graph of AC Voltage at maximum value of 26.4 volts

VII. OBSERVATION

The performance of the voltage outputs is affected by a number of difficulties that arise during
creating power supply, leading to issues including overheating and the eventual failure of some
components. Here are the following issues that you might encounter while developing a power supply
on your own.

 Pins for LM317T regular

We encountered this kind of issue everyday, so that you must know the adjust, input
and output pins because if you tried to connect the wire incorrectly, some components would
burn, especially the resistors.
 
 Capacitor

Know the exact value of capacitor required in the given schematic because it might
affect the output voltage of direct current, it is better to used higher value than lower to avoid
explosion of capacitor.
 Quezon City University
College of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
AY 2022-23, 2nd Semester

 Potentiometer

Most of the potentiometers that we used are always broken. That is why it is important
to understand the property of potentiometers and ensure that every wire is linked properly
otherwise it may break causing delay on increasing or decreasing the voltage of the power
supply.

 Wrong wiring connection Or placement of components

Wrong wiring connections can cause destroying other components of your power
supply. Misplacement of connectivity and polarity can lead to component failure, overheating,
and can result in burns or explosions. Always check the connection of the wires and proper
alignment if it is right especially on direct current to avoid explosion or burning.