FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

HND CIVIL ENGINEERING

FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS
0321040056
REPORT II

TASK 1: Types of pump.

My colleagues and I went to the mechanical laboratory on campus to
look at the various types of pumps, how they operate and places where
they are most suitable. The two main categories of pumps are, dynamic
and displacement pumps
The types of pumps found in the laboratory are;
 Axial pumps: the axial pump operates by creating axial flow, or
flow in the same direction as the impeller rotation as the impeller
rotates, it draws in fluid and forces it out through discharge port
while generating high pressure

 Piston pumps: As the name implies, the piston pump operates by

using reciprocating motion of a piston to move fluid. As the piston
moves back and forth, it creates a vacuum that draws in the fluid
and pushes it out.

 Diaphragm pumps: The diaphragm pump operates by using a

flexible diaphragm to move fluid. The movement of the
diaphragm creates a space that draws in fluid and releases it
through the discharge valve.

 Centrifugal pumps: This pump develops a high liquid velocity by

using an impeller that rotates inside a shaped case. As the
impeller rotates, liquid is discharged from the case by centrifugal
force

 Peristaltic pump
 Activity1: Operating the peristaltic pump
The peristaltic pump is displacement pump that transfers a wide
variety of fluids. The pump doesn’t have valves or seals and it is not
expensive to maintain. Every peristaltic pump has flexible tubes
giving an open flow path which gives a high resistance to abrasion
and permits the easy flow of fluid. The vertical turbine pump works
on the peristaltic pump and also the centrifugal pump.

The immediate image below is that of the peristaltic pump. On it is the

centrifugal pump and vertical turbine pump together with the tubes it
uses to transport fluid or gases.
Below are some images of pumps that were in the mechanical
laboratory
Characteristics of a dynamic pump.

The diagram above is that of a typical dynamic pump. The features of a

dynamic pump include;
 Pump: The heart of the dynamic pump system is the pump, either
aixal or centrifugal. The pump uses a spinning impeller tht draws
the fluid into the pump, accelerates it and and forces it out the
discharge pipe.
 Pump driver: The pump driver is the energy source that turns the
pump’s shaft and creates pump flow.
 Resevoir: a resevoir is used to hold the fluid that will be pumped.
The resevoir can be man made or a natural fluid source like river
or lake.
 Check valve: Many pump systems inclede a check valve to stop
the fluid from draining backward and putting pressure on the
pump.
 Pump discharge line: the discharge line is a conductor that
transport the fluid from the pump to its destination or holding
tank.
 Dischgarge valve: the dischage Valve is placed in the pump
discharge line to control the rate of flow of the liquid to its
destination
 Foot valve: the foot valve is a check valve that allows fluid to enter
the sunction line but wont allow fluid flow back to the resevoir.
 Strainer: the straine is the coarse filter uswd to catch large
contaminants before they enter the sunction line.