UNIT 4 TEST

● Central Vein: Located at the center of lobules, acts as a drain into the hepatic vein
● Hepatic Vein: Leads to the Venacava, moves low oxygenated blood from the liver to the
heart
● Portal Vein: Supplies liver with Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Aminoacids
● Hepatic Artery: Supplies oxygen-rich blood to the liver, duodenum, and the pancreas
● Kupffer Cells: Gets rid of things that don’t belong in the bloodstream
● Hepatocyte: Liver cells that make up plates

● Bile: Greenish Brown fluid secreted by the liver stored in the gallbladder, aids in
digestion
● Islet of Langerhans: pancreatic cells secreting insulin and glucagon

● Dog Enzyme Levels

○ Amylase: 220-1400
○ Lipase: 600-200

● Electrolytes: Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, Phosphate

● Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Cholesterol
● NPNs: Amino Acids, Uric Acids, Creatine, Urea, Creatinine

● ALT: Alanine Aminotransferase

● Na: Sodium
● K: Potassium
● Hco3: Bicarbonate
● Po4: Phosphate
● AST: Aspartate Aminotransferase

● Yellow: Bilirubin
● Green: Biliverdin

● Horses do not have gallbladders

● Dual Purpose Organ: Pancreas (Endocrine and Exocrine)

● Two Signs of Diabetes: Excessive Urination and Drinking, Sweet Smelling Breath

● Hypoglycemia causes: Hyperinsulination, Overdose of insulin, Glycogen Storage Disease,

Severe exertion, Malnutrition, Starvation

● An electrolyte that Causes Grass tetany: Magnesium (MG+)

● Glucometer: Dedicated Use Analyzer

● Hydration Status affects TP Levels: Increase = Dehydration, Decrease = Overhydration

● Hepatic Profile Test: ALT, AST, ID, GLHD

● Total protein value - don’t rely on it alone for liver function test
● Icteric = Jaundice, Excess bilirubin

● Brown Pigment in Stool: Stercobilin

● Green Pigment: Biliverdin

● Functions of the Liver: Metabolism, Catabolism, Digestion, Storage, Synthesis, Formation,

Elimination

● Hepatocellular damage elevated levels: ALT, AST, ID, GLDH

● Bile is stored in: Gallbladder

● Blood chemistry Test used in Lg animal to assess liver function: ID

● Cholestasis Elevated Levels: ALP, GGT

● Colectyokenin Hormone: Controls sphincter of the gallbladder

● Digestion Enzymes: Lipase, Amylase

● Form of sugar found in the Blood: Glucose

● Transitory Hyperglycemia: Increase in blood glucose concentration in the blood caused by

stress

● Pancreas specific enzyme: Amylase

● Enzyme that breaks down starch: Amylase

● Plasma Contents: Water 92%, Proteins, Gases, Lipids 8%

● Measuring blood gases what type of sample: Arterial

● Purpose of Quality Control: Check the machine is running accurately and check technicians
skills

● An electrolyte that maintains the PH of Urine: Sodium (Na+)

● EDTA binds to: Calcium

● Accuracy: The closeness with which test results agree with the true quantitative value of the
constituent.
● Precision: the reproducibility of measurements
● Reliability: The ability of a method to be accurate and precise.
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