Assignment Week 3

Please identify types of the tests and assessment (more than one
types possible) below:
1. A TOEFL Test
Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) a standardized test to measure a person's English
proficiency without being directly linked to the teaching and learning process. This test is useful for
measuring the English language skills of someone who will work or study in a destination country
where English is the official language. The TOEFL test is conducted to assess the extent to which a
person's grammar and writing skills are capable of writing scientific writing. The TOEFL test is
held in 4 parts and takes about 3 hours. The four sections of the test are grammar structure and
written expression, listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and writing.
TOEFL types :
1. TOEFL Paper Based Test (PBT) This type of TOEFL started from 1964-1998. PBT-TOEFL is
an English proficiency test that was first issued by ETS (Educational Testing Service). Using sheets
of question paper or paper and answer sheets that must be filled in with a 2B pencil is the main
characteristic of this one TOEFL system. The material tested on this type of TOEFL is listening,
reading, and structure with a score range of 217-677. While the test time used is around 2-2.5 hours.
2. TOEFL Computer Based Test (CBT) This type of TOEFL started from 1998-2005. Computer
Based Test (CBT) as the second type of TOEFL has replaced PBT-TOEFL. No longer using sheets
of paper, the CBT-TOEFL test system uses a computer as the name suggests. The material tested in
the CBT-TOEFL includes listening, reading, writing, and structure. Then the range of scores from
the CBT-TOEFL is 0-300 with a long test time of around 2-2.5 hours.
3. TOEFL Internet Based Test (IBT) This type of TOEFL started in 2005-present. The Internet
Based Test or often abbreviated as IBT is the newest type of TOEFL test or the Next Generation
TOEFL. This type of test has been issued and introduced by ETS (Educational Testing Service)
since 2005. However, in Indonesia, this type of TOEFL test has been implemented since 2006. As a
world-recognized International TOEFL Test standard, the ETS (Educational Testing Service)
institute made many changes to its format and system. Please note, IBT-TOEFL also uses computer
media with a test system using the internet. The materials tested in the TOEFL test are listening,
speaking, reading, and writing. While the range of scores from the IBT-TOEFL is 0-120 with a long
test time of about 4 hours.

2. A Midterm Test
A midterm exam/ midterm test, is an exam given near the middle of an academic grading term, or
near the middle of any given quarter or semester.
Assessment types include:
* Formative assessments are informal and formal tests taken during the learning process. These
assessments modify the later learning activities, to improve student achievement. They identify
strengths and weaknesses and help target areas that need work. The goal of formative assessment is
to monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can be used by instructors to improve
their teaching and by students to improve their learning.[citation needed]
* Summative assessments evaluate competence at the end of an instructional unit, with the goal of
determining if the candidate has assimilated the knowledge or skills to the required standard.
Summative assessments may cover a few days' instruction, an entire term's work in cases such as
final exams, or even multiple years' study, in the case of high school exit exams, GCE Advanced
Level examples, or professional licensing tests such as the United States Medical Licensing
Examination.
* Norm-referenced tests compare a student's performance against a national or other "norm" group.
Only a certain percentage of test takers will get the best and worse scores. Norm-referencing is
usually called grading on a curve when the comparison group is students in the same classroom.
Norm-referenced tests report whether test takers performed better or worse than a hypothetical
average student, which is determined by comparing scores against the performance results of a
statistically selected group of test takers, typically of the same age or grade level, who have already
taken the exam.
* Criterion-referenced tests are designed to measure student performance against a fixed set of
criteria or learning standards. It is possible for all test takers to pass, just like it is possible for all
test takers to fail. These tests can use individual's scores to focus on improving the skills that were
lacking in comprehension.
* Performance-based assessments require students to solve real-world problems or produce
something with real-world application. For example, the student can demonstrate baking skills by
baking a cake, and having the outcome judged for appearance, flavor, and texture.
* Authentic assessment is the measurement of accomplishments that are worth while compared to
multiple-choice standardized tests. For example, an authentic assessment of arithmetic skills is
figuring out how much the family's groceries will cost this week. This provides as much
information about the students' addition skills as a test question that asks what the sum of various
numbers are.
* Standardized tests are all tests that are administered and scored in a consistent manner, regardless
of whether it is a quick quiz created by the local teacher or a heavily researched test given to
millions of people. Standardized tests are often used in education, professional certification,
psychology (e.g., MMPI), the military, and many other fields.
* Non-standardized tests are flexible in scope and format, and variable in difficulty. For example, a
teacher may go around the classroom and ask each student a different question. Some questions
will inevitably be harder than others, and the teacher may be more strict with the answers from
better students. A non-standardized test may be used to determine the proficiency level of students,
to motivate students to study, to provide feedback to students, and to modify the curriculum to make
it more appropriate for either low- or high-skill students.
* Competitive examinations are tests where candidates are ranked according to their grades and/or
percentile and then top rankers are selected. If the examination is open for n positions, then the first
n candidates in ranks pass, the others are rejected. They are used as entrance examinations for
university and college admissions such as the Joint Entrance Examination or to secondary schools.
Types are civil service examinations, required for positions in the public sector; the U.S. Foreign
Service Exam, and the United Nations Competitive Examination. Competitive examinations are
considered an egalitarian way to select worthy applicants without risking influence peddling, bias
or other concerns.
* High-stakes tests are tests with important consequences for the individual test taker, such as
getting a driver's license. A high-stakes test does not need to be a high-stress test, if the test taker is
confident of passing.
 3. UN (Natioanl Test)
National Exam (Indonesian: Ujian Nasional, commonly abbreviated as UN or UNAS)[1] was a
standard evaluation system of primary and secondary education in Indonesia and the determining
factor of quality of education levels among the areas that are conducted by the Center for
Educational Assessment of the Ministry of Education and Culture.

Benefits of standard setting final exam:

* The limit of graduation each subject in accordance with the demands of minimum competency.
* The same standards for each subject as a minimum standard of competency achievement.

It has been proposed to do a computerized version of National Exam, with trials starting in 2015.
There is no cut-off score because the newest exam policy is aimed to map Indonesian students’
competency in every single region in Indonesia. The data are going to be analyzed and will be used
to make education improvement strategies in Indonesia.
Originally, the National Exam was scheduled to be the last, as it will replaced by a new format the
following year.

4. A Quiz
A quiz is a quick and informal assessment of student knowledge.

A quiz refers to a short test of knowledge, typically around 10 questions in length, with question
formats often including multiple choice, fill in the blanks, true or false, matching-type, sequencing,
categorizing, identification, and short answer.

5. A Pretest and posttest

a pretest is given to students at the beginning of a course to determine their initial understanding of
the measures stated in the learning objectives/ a test given to students after completion of an
instructional program or segment
, and posttest is conducted just after completion of the course to determine what the students have
learned. The purpose of the post test is to determine the success of the learning process and
maximize students' mastery of the material taught by the teacher. As with the pre-test, post-test
questions can be in the form of multiple choices and descriptions. The questions given by the
teacher can also be the same as pre test questions.