Table 4.

3 : Rectifier Data

Measured Expected V DC
Rectifier Type % Error
Vs V0 V DC (Calculated)

1.6 × 2 Volts/Div
Half-wave 6.5 V 2.7 V 2.71 V 0.37%
= 3.2 V

1.4 × 2 Volts/Div
Bridge 6.5 V 4.92 V 4.97 V 1.02%
= 2.8 V

% Error = (expected – actual) / actual × 100%

Calculation.

Half-wave :

 Expected V DC

V rms VL
V s= V DC =
0.707 π

6.5 8.5V
¿ ¿
0.707 π
¿ 9.2 V
¿ 2.71 V
V L=9.2V −0.7
¿ 8.5 V

 Error
(2.71 V – 2.7 V )
× 100% = 0.37%
2.7V
Bridge :

 Expected V DC

V rms 2(V L )
V s= V DC =
0.707 π

6.5
¿ 2(7.8V )
0.707 ¿
π
¿ 9.2 V
¿ 4.97 V
V L=9.2V −1.4
¿ 7.8 V

 Error
( 4.97V – 4.92 V )
× 100% = 1.02%
4.92 V
Question.
The power output and therefore rectification efficiency are quite low. This is due to the fact that
power is delivered only during the one-half cycle of the input alternating voltage. Ripple factor
is high and elaborate filtering is, therefore required to give steady dc output.

Conclusion.
The conclusion from that experiment, when the high voltage AC passes from a step-down
transformer, it gets converted into low voltage AC. When the positive half cycle of low voltage
AC passes from the diode, it makes the diode forward biased. This happens because the positive
signal strikes the P-terminal of the diode and it makes the diode forward biased. Thus, when
positive half of AC signal passes the diodes becomes a short circuit. Thus, the current passes
through the load resistor, and the voltage drop can be seen across the load resistor.
When the negative half cycle of AC Signal passes through the step-down transformer then
due to the phenomenon of mutual inductance, it converts it into low voltage AC. After that, it
passes through the diode. When this negative half is passed through the diode, the p-terminal
of the diode becomes negative with respect to n-terminal. Thus, the diodes become an open
circuit. And the output current across the load becomes zero due to which output voltage also
becomes zero.
Thus, during the positive half of AC, the output DC voltage is generated across a load and
during the negative half of AC the rectifier switches to OFF state. In this way, the negative half
cycle of the signal is suppressed in half way rectifier. It utilizes only half cycle of AC. Thus, it is
called half-wave rectifier.