Centrifugal casting

process

Guided by
Presented by
Mahesh dewangan sir
 Introduction/History

• The principle of centrifugal casting was established originally by A.G. ECKHARDT in 1809
• Following developments during 19th century,the process began after1920 to be used for Manufacturing.

• In the thirties in China (E.G. ,tube, cylinder sleeve).

• Centrifugal casting is a process in which molten metal poured and Allowed to solidify in revolving mold

• The centrifugal force Is utilised in two ways:

1. Centrifugal force is utilised to distribute liquid metal over the outer surface of a mould. hollow cylinders and
other annular shapes are formed in this way.

2. Centrifugal force tends the Poured metal and the freezing metal to fly outward away from the axis of
rotation and his tendency creates high pressure on the metal or casting while it is freezing their by
producing casting of high metallurgical quality.
Flow process of centrifugal casting
The various centrifugal casting technique includes :
1. True centrifugal casting.
2. Semi centrifugal casting.
3. Centrifuge casting.
 Molds

• Expendable molds
• Green sand
• Dry sand molds
• Mold washes

Permanent Molds
• Steel molds
• Copper molds
• Graphite Molds.
 True centrifugal casting

• True centrifugal casting is used to produce parts that are

symmetrical about the axis like that of pipes tubes busing liners and
rings.
• True centrifugal castings are of straight uniform in a diameter and
are produced by spinning the mould about its own axis either
vertically or horizontally

• Cylindrical mold is made to rotate on its own access it a speed such that
the metal being code its thrown to the outer surface of the mould cavity
the metal solidified in the form of hollow cylinder.
Steps involved in true centrifugal casting
• The mold of the desired shape is prepared.
• The mold is rotate about its axis it high speed in the range
of 300 to 3000 RPM.
• The centrifugal force of the rotating moles throws the
liquid metal towards the mould wall.
• The casting cools and solidifies from its outer surface.
• The thickness of the casting obtain.
• Rotate about horizontal axis or true cylindrical inside surface is produc
if rotated on a vertical axis parabolic inside surface is produced.

• Cores and getting/ risering systems are not required for this process.
Advantages

• Relatively lighter impurities within the liquid metal such as sand’s lack
of sides and gas plot more quickly toward the centre of rotation from
where they can be easily machine out there by giving a clean metal
casting.
• Dense and fine green metal castings are produced by true centrifugal
casting technique.
• Except with casting having greater wall thickness there is proper
directional solidification from outside towards inwards of the casting.
• There is no need of a central core to make a pipe or tube.
• Gating system is not required this races casting is high as 100% in the
certain cases.
• True centrifugal casting maybe adopt for mass production.
Disadvantage

• True centrifugal casting is limited to certain shapes.

• equipment cost are high.
• Field workers are required for operation and maintenance.
 Semi centrifugal casting

• A core to produce a hollow casting rest all things are same as true
centrifugal casting
• Like true centrifugal casting semi centrifugal casting also utilisation
of the mole about it axis.
• Semi centrifugal casting are normally made in vertical machines the
mold cavity is arranged within the mould so that its central axis is
vertical and concentric with the axis of rotation.
• It is used for making wheel pulley spoke wheel alloyed wheels etc.
• Steps involved in semi centrifugal casting:
1. The mold is prepared.
2. The mold cavity is prepared with its central axis
3. The core is placed in position and the mould is rotate its suitable
speed (180 to 200 RPM).
Advantages

• Semi centrifugal casting ensure purity and density at the

extremities of a casting such as a cast wheel or pulley.

• Since the poorer structure forms at the centre of the

casting it can be readily machined out of its objectionable.
Disadvantages
• Limited size and shape options: Semi-centrifugal casting is best suited for producing
cylindrical or symmetrical parts. It can be challenging to produce parts with more complex
shapes or sizes.
• Limited control over the casting process: The casting process in semi-centrifugal casting is
not as controllable as in other methods, such as investment casting. The molten metal is
distributed through centrifugal force, which can lead to inconsistencies in the finished
product.
• Potential for porosity: Semi-centrifugal casting can result in porosity, which can weaken the
structure of the finished product. This is particularly true in areas where the molten metal has
a longer flow path.
• Uneven cooling: The semi-centrifugal casting process can result in uneven cooling of the
metal, which can cause distortion or warping of the finished product. This is especially true
for parts with varying thicknesses or shapes.
 Centrifuge casting

• Parts not symmetrical about any axis of rotation may be cast in

groups of molds arranged in a circle to balance each other.
• Axis of mold and that of rotation do not coincide with each
other.
• The setup revolved around the centre of the circle to induce
pressure on the metal in the molds.
• Molds cavities are fed bya central sprue under the action of
centrifugal force.
• Centrifugal force is used primarily as a source of pressure
feeding.
• When casting is multiple layers on above the other are
produced in one mould the method is called stack molding.
 Advantages

• Production rate is sufficiently high.

• Obtain casting of better quality.
• Cast parts which cannot be satisfactorily produced by other
methods.
• casting have dense metal with very good mechanical property.
• The percentage of rejects is very low.
• Directional solidification can be achieved.
 Application

• It is u used for producing valve bodies valve bonnets plug

yokes pillow blocks and a wide variety of other industrial
casting in large quantities.