Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M.L. TAGARAO STREET, IBABANG IYAM, LUCENA CITY

Learning Area Science

Learning Delivery Modality Face to Face

School Quezon National Grade Level Grade 8

High School
LESSON Science
Teacher Noli Jane D. Corpuz Learning Area
EXEMPLAR
Teaching Date May 19, 2023 Quarter Fourth Quarter
Teaching Time 11:25-12:15 pm - No. of Days
PERSIMMON 1 day

I. OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standards The learners demonstrate an understanding of:

1. meiosis as one of the processes producing genetic variation of the Mendelian

Pattern of Inheritance

B. Performance Standards The learners should be able to:

 report on the importance of variation in plant and animal breeding

C. Learning Competencies or At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
Objectives 

D. Most Essential Learning

Competencies (MELC)  predict phenotypic expressions of traits following simple patterns of
(If available, write the indicated inheritance (S8LT-IVf-18)
MELC)
E. Enabling Competencies
(If available, write the attached enabling
competencies)
II. CONTENT Mendelian Genetics

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. References

a. Teacher’s Guide Pages

b. Learner’s Material Pages Learner’s Packet (LeaP)

The New Grade 8: Exploring Life Through Science Series

Science 8: Quarter 4-Module 2

c. Textbook Pages pp. 2

d. Additional Materials from https://www.dkfindout.com/us/human-body/digestion/

Learning Resources
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M.L. TAGARAO STREET, IBABANG IYAM, LUCENA CITY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBZWgrfZFbU

B. List of Learning Resources for PowerPoint Presentation

Development and Engagement
Activities

IV. PROCEDURES

The students will observe and analyze the pictures shown below.
A. Introduction
Motivation:

(Strategy: Constructivism Approach,

Reflective Approach)

Questions:
1. What kind of foods do you think are those?
2. What nutrients do you think can we get by eating these foods?
3. How do you think can we get these nutrients?
4. Do you think these are healthy foods for our body?

 The teacher will guide the learners on what skills they need to have for
the lesson expectations.
 In this part, the content of the lesson will be presented.
 Learning objectives will also be introduced to guide the learners on the
learning targets found on MELC.

B. Development
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

(Strategy: Constructivism Approach, Digestion in Humans

Reflective Approach)
The human nutrition involves the following processes:
1. Ingestion- the intake of food into the body
2. Digestion - the process of mechanical and chemical
breakdown. Whereby large food molecules are broken
down into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by
the body cells.
3. Absorption - the process in which digested food
materials are absorbed by the body cells and converted into new protoplasm or
used to provide energy
4. Elimination- passing of digested material out of the digestive tract.
Two phases of Digestion
 Mechanical Digestion- mechanical breakdown of food into smaller
particles. This occurs in the mouth when you chew your food, and in
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M.L. TAGARAO STREET, IBABANG IYAM, LUCENA CITY

the stomach where continual contractions and relaxations of the muscle

in the stomach wall cause a churning actions, which mixes and breaks
up the food particles. It increases the surface area of the ingested food,
enabling digestive enzymes to act on it more efficiently.
 Chemical Digestion- is a breakdown of the complex molecules, such
as proteins, starch, and fats contained in food, into simple, soluble
molecules by digestive enzymes. This involve hydrolytic reactions
catalyzed by digestive enzymes.

Organs in the Digestive System

Mouth

 The intake of foods starts from your mouth, which

leads into your mouth cavity.
 In your mouth, the solid food food is broken down into
small pieces by the chewing action of your teeth
(mechanical digestion).

Pharynx

 The pharynx is a common passage for food

and air. It is the part of the gut that leads
from the mouth to the esophagus
and to the trachea (windpipe).

Esophagus

 After you swallow, smooth muscles

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M.L. TAGARAO STREET, IBABANG IYAM, LUCENA CITY

force the food into a narrow, muscular tube called esophagus or gullet.
 The word esophagus comes from a Greek word meaning “to carry
what is eaten.”
 Muscle layers that surround the esophagus consist of an outer layer of
longitudinal muscles and in an inner layer of circular smooth muscles.
 These two layers of muscles cause rhythymic, wavelike contractions of
the walls of the gut.
 Such movements, known as peristalsis, move food along the gut.

Stomach

 The partially digested food now

enters a J-shaped organ called
stomach, which lies beneath the
diaphragm and is partly covered by
the liver.
 It has thick muscles in its wall.
 Gastric Juice, is a dilute solution of a
hydrochloric acid and the enzyme
pepsin, as an active enzyme secreted
by the chief cells of the gastric glands.

Small Intestine
After several hours in the
stomach, food is now quite
different from the food you just
swallowed earlier. Muscle
contractions and enzymes have
changed the food into soft,
watery substance.
 In this form, it is ready to move
slowly into the next digestive
system organ, the small
intestine.
 Small intestine consist of three
parts --the U-shaped duodenum, the jejunum, and the much-coiled
ileum.
Liver and Gallbladder

 The liver is the largest gland in

our body.
 One of the important functions
of liver is to aid digestion by
producing alkaline, greenish-
yellow liquid, containing bile
salts and bile pigments called
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M.L. TAGARAO STREET, IBABANG IYAM, LUCENA CITY

bile.
 Bile is temporarily stored in a greenish-yellow bag attached to the liver
called gallbladder.
 Other important functions of the liver are protein synthesis, iron
storage, detoxification, and heat production.

Pancreas
 The pancreas is a soft
triangular gland lying between
small intestine and the
stomach.
 It produces pancreatic juice,
which is a mixture of digestive
enzymes.
 The pancreas also secretes the
hormone insulin, which plays
an important role in the control of the blood sugar level in the body and
utilization of carbohydrates.

ABSORPTION OF FOOD
Absorption in the Small Intestine
 After three to five hours, most of the food in the small intestines
digested.
 Proteins are broken down into individual amino acids.
 Carbohydrates, such as starches and sugars are broken down into
simper sugars.
 Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol.

Absorption in the Large Intestine

 As undigested food leaves the small intestine, it passes into the large
intestine, which is shorter but much broader than the small intestine.
 The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and mineral
salts from the undigested food material.
 The large intestine is about 1.5 meter long and consist of the following:
1. Caecum and appendix
2. Ascending colon running upwards along the right side of the abdominal
cavity
3. Horizontal transverse colon
4. Descending colon which runs downward to join the rectum
5. Rectum (a short muscular tube)
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M.L. TAGARAO STREET, IBABANG IYAM, LUCENA CITY

ELIMINATION OF WASTE MATERIALS

 Materials that are absorbed in the large intestine form a solid waste
known as feces.
 Feces, which is made up of dead bacteria, some fat and protein,
undigested food roughage, dried out digested juices, mucus, and
discarded intestinal cells is stored temporarily in the rectum.
 When the rectum contracts, the feces is expelled through and opening
called anus.
 The process of removing undigested matter from the body is called
egestion, defecation, or bowel movement.

HOW LONG FOODS STAYS IN THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS?

Primary Primary Function Time food stays in
the structures
Mouth Mechanical and 5-30 seconds
chemical digestion
Esophagus Transport of food 7-10 seconds
after swallowing
Stomach Mechanical and 2-24 hours
chemical digestion
Small Intestine Absorption of 3-5 hours
nutrients
Large Intestine Water absorption 18 hours-2 days
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M.L. TAGARAO STREET, IBABANG IYAM, LUCENA CITY

Assimilation of Nutrients
 The process of transport and use of absorbed nutrients is known as
assimilation.
Sugars
 The simple sugars are converted into glycogen and stored in the liver
while glucose is carried in the blood to be distributed throughout the
body. Glucose is used by all cells for energy production.
Amino Acids
 Upon entering the cells, amino acids are converted as a new
protoplasm and used for growth and repair of worn-out parts of tissues
of the body. They are also used for the formation of enzymes and
hormones.
Fats
 Fats, before, they are used, are brought to the liver where they are
converted into forms that can be oxidized or stored. Under normal
conditions when there is an adequate supply of glucose, fats are
oxidized.

C. Engagement Activity 1: A Sweet Break!

(STRATEGY: Collaborative Approach
Constructivism Approach, Reflective
Approach)
Procedure:
1. Fill the two beakers with warm water. Make sure that the amount of water placed
in each glass is about the same. Label
the glasses A and B.
2. Prepare two pieces of candies. Wrap a piece of candy in a paper towel and crush it
using a mortar and pestle or any hard
object like a piece of wood.
3. Place one piece of candy into the glass of warm water labeled A and place the
crushed pieces of candy in the remaining
glass of warm water labeled B.
4. Observe how long it takes for the whole candy in Glass A and the crushed pieces
of candy in Glass B to dissolve.
5. Record your observation.

Questions:
1. How does crushing the candy to smaller pieces affect its dissolution?
2. What does crushing the candy represent in the process of digestion?

Activity 2: “A journey into the digestive system”

The Human Digestive System

Read the paragraph carefully and use the words to fill in the blanks. Write your
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M.L. TAGARAO STREET, IBABANG IYAM, LUCENA CITY

answer in 1 whole sheet of pad paper.

Stomach Chewed Food Energy

Small Intestine Waste Saliva Large Intestine
Digestion System Swallow Tongue

Pharynx Acid Absorbed Liquids

Esophagus Liver Mouth Rectum

All animals need to eat ________________to get __________________to live. But in order to
use this food, they have to break it
down in a process called ______________________. And so, all animals have a group of
connected organs called the
digestive____________________. In humans the process of digestion begins in the
________________ where food is
_____________________into small pieces by the teeth. The_______________________ helps
by moving these pieces around. These
pieces are covered by _____________ or spit. The saliva makes the food slippery so that it is
easier to _____________. It also helps
to break down the food. Once the food is swallowed, it passes through the_____________,
which is like a gate that sends food
into the____________________________ and air into the lungs. The food travels down the
esophagus and into the
____________________. Once the food is mixed with _____________and crushed some
more. After spending some time in the
stomach, the food is sent into the ___________________where nutrients are
____________________. The _________________helps by
producing some digestive juices called bile. Next, the remaining food goes into the
________________where the _____________are
absorbed. The remaining food is called____________ and it is pushed into the
__________________where it wait’s before leaving
the body.

Activity 3: Let’s have it labeled!

D. Assimilation
Label the parts of the digestive
system. Write your answer a given
worksheet.
(STRATEGY: Collaborative Approach
Constructivism Approach, Reflective
Approach)
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M.L. TAGARAO STREET, IBABANG IYAM, LUCENA CITY

Group Reporting

The learners will be grouped into seven. Each group will be given a topic to be
reported in front of the class.

Common Diseases of the Digestive System

Group 1: Diarrhea
Group 2: Constipation
Group 3: Hepatitis
Group 4: Gallstones
Group 5: Peptic Ulcer
Group 6: Hemorrroids
Group 7: Appendicitis

Questions:
1. What do you think caused this disease/s to human body?
2. What are the effects of these diseases in our digestive system?
3. How do you think can we avoid these diseases?

Criteria:
Organization-15
Delivery-15
Accuracy-10
Cooperation-10

V. REFLECTION
(Reflection on the type of Formative
Assessment used for this particular
lesson)
The learners on their journal, notebook or portfolio will write their insights about the
lesson using the prompts below:
I understand that_________________________
I realize that_____________________________

REMARKS

Prepared by: Checked by:

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF QUEZON
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
M.L. TAGARAO STREET, IBABANG IYAM, LUCENA CITY

NOLI JANE D. CORPUZ MRS. ARACELI E. VALLE

Student Teacher Teacher III, Science Department