CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

This paper investigates the effects of working during higher education on

students' academics and. labor market performance. In particular, we jointly

consider the role of work intensity and job-field of study in a framework that

accounts for self-selection into different types of working activities. Our

results point out that working while studying increases time-to-degree and

has a slightly negative impact on grade performance, except for full-time

jobs related to the field of study that exert a positive effect on high grade

achievement. As for labor market outcomes, the probability of being

employed 4 years after graduation is significantly higher for students who

have worked in jobs well-matched with the attended field of study. For those

who have performed a job not related to the field of study, the outcome

depends on work intensity. Further, the probability of having a permanent

job is positively affected by working while studying, especially in the case of

full-time jobs related to the degree, while early career job-qualification

match is benefited from pre-graduation working experiences only when the

job is related to the field of XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Working while studying has a big effect on graduating students because the

student has to divide the time between working and studying. The academic

performance of graduating students is affected because of part-time work.

Some possible factors that could affect the academic performance of

graduating students who are working include time management, stress,

fatigue, and lack of sleep. In addition, there may be financial problems or

family pressures that drive students to work, which could also affect the

academic performance of graduating students.

According to the findings of the study conducted by Williams (2014), the

reasons why students work is due to budgetary need, meet a quick or basic

necessity, and to help the understudies in their future objectives. This was

supported by the study of Furr and Elling (2002), where the reason why the

students work part-time is due to financial problem. Aside from these

reasons, there were also consequences of working while studying and that is

according to the findings of the study of Darolia (2014), where understudies

take fewer attributes in school because of work duties. As a result, the

students’ lost confidence to enroll and are dropping out and started to find a

stable job.
From an empirical point of view, the impact of working while studying on

academic or labour market performance has been widely analysed.

Concerning academic performance, empirical

Studies have generally looked at the impact of working while studying on

academic achievements

In terms of time-to-degree and credits/mark obtained. Using different

methodologies and identification strategies -in order to take also into

account endogenous self-selection into working activities- general findings

point out a negative impact of pre-graduation working experiences on

academic achievements (Theune 2015, Darolia, 2014, Triventi, 2014, Body

et al. 2014, Avdic and Gartell, 2015, Wenz and Yu, 2010, Stinebrickner and

Stinebrickner, 2013). Nonetheless, the academic penalization due to working

while studying seems to depend on working time, as reported by Triventi

(2014), Darolia (2014) and Body et al. (2014). Their results show that

academic achievement is dampened especially when students perform full-

time jobs, while the impact of part-time or low-intensity jobs seems to only

marginally affect students’ academic achievements. Consistent evidence has

been obtained also from studies considering the amount of working hours,

which highlight that the negative impact on academic performance increases

with work intensity (Wenz and Zu, 2010, Callender, 2008, Beffy et al.,

2013). Hence, the impact of working while studying on academic

achievements changes when different working intensities are taken.

CONCEPTUAL / THEORETICAL FW

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to know it how does the working student managed their

time and how they do balance their academic Performances and working

responsibilities.

THE MANAGER. Will be able to lead and listen to employers. By managing

people and managing projects or task.

THE TEACHERS. The result of this study will assist teachers in giving

students guide with passion to nurture the minds of students to not drop out

because of labor work.

THE STUDENT. The result of this study can be used as a reference for them

to better understand the effect of labor work that causing decreasing

academic Performances.

THE PARENTS. The result of this study will aid parents on how Labor Works

affecting the studies of their children and handle the challenges toward their

environment.

THE FUTURE RESEARCHER. This study will provide future researchers with

new information toward the relevant research.

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study concerns about the struggle of graduating students while working

and studying that may cause affect the academic Performance students and

that will answers the following inquiries.

1. How do graduating students handle the schedules?

2. What are the challenges encountered of graduating students in part time

work?

3. How do these challenges affect the study or academic Performances?

4. What will happen if the students can’t focus on study?

5. How graduating students cope up these challenges?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study looks at how some graduating students affected by labor works.

There are every student have responded, on how they handle the problem of

their studies. Each respondents are given same questionnaire to answer.

And this Study focus on the current graduating students that take the work

responsibilities and the challenges on study.