Statistics and Probability 11

Second Semester – Fourth Quarter

Mr. Froilan L. Antonio
 Opening Prayer
Dear Lord,
We thank you a hundredfold for the love
and care that you have given us. May we
in return to you your good works by
multiplying it with love and respect, adding
more faith, subtracting the unworldly
behavior and evil works, and dividing your
given talents to others so we can sum it
all and be united as one in your family. In
this, we pray, Amen.
The Central Limit Theorem
Fourth Quarter – Lesson 5
OBJECTIVES
Define the Central Limit Theorem

Apply the Central Limit Theorem

to find the probability of a sample
mean
WHAT TO KNOW?
Central Limit Theorem (CLT)
states that if more samples are
taken from a population, the
sampling distribution of the mean
can be approximated closely with
a normal distribution.
 POINTS TO REMEMBER!
CLT can be used for questions about sample means from
a sufficiently large sample size. The only difference is
that the formula for the z-value

𝒙lj is the mean of random sample,

𝒙lj − 𝝁 𝝁 is the population mean,
𝐳= 𝝈 𝝈 is the population standard deviation,
and
𝒏 n is the sample size.
PROPERTIES OF CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM
➢ Larger sample sizes will produce a better
approximation.

➢ The mean of sampling distribution is equal to the

mean of population.

➢ The SD of a sampling distribution is equal to the SD

of the population divided by the square root of the
sample size.
To solve for the word problem…
➢ Read and rewrite all the givens.
➢ Substitute all the given values in the
formula.
➢ Find the area under normal curve.
➢ State your answer.
SAMPLE 1
There are 64 pawikan hatchlings in a marine sanctuary
in Batangas which can creep their way to the sea from
the shore at an average speed of 0.025 meter per
second with a standard deviation of 0.012 meter per
second. Assuming the variable is normally distributed
and 16 pawikan hatchlings are chosen at random, what
is the probability that they have an average speed of…
a. less than 0.03 meter per second?
b. greater than 0.02 meter per second?
SOLUTION TO 1(A)
𝝁 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝒙lj = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑 𝝈 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟔
𝒙lj − 𝝁 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝐳= 𝝈 = = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟕
𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐
𝒏 𝟏𝟔
𝟏. 𝟔𝟕 → 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟓 𝟎. 𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟓
𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝟐𝟓 → 𝟗𝟓. 𝟐𝟓%
SOLUTION TO 1(B)
𝝁 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝒙lj = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝝈 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟔
𝒙lj − 𝝁 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝐳= 𝝈 = = −𝟏. 𝟔𝟕
𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐
𝒏 𝟏𝟔
−𝟏. 𝟔𝟕 → 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟓 𝟎. 𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟓
𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝟐𝟓 → 𝟗𝟓. 𝟐𝟓%
SAMPLE 2
The average age of a vehicle
registered in the United States is 8
years or 96 months. Assume the SD is
16 months. If a random sample of 36
vehicles is selected, find the
probability that the mean of their age
is between 90 and 100.
SOLUTION TO 1(B)
𝝁 = 𝟗𝟔 𝒙lj = 𝟗𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝝈 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒏 = 𝟑𝟔
𝒙lj − 𝝁 𝟗𝟎 − 𝟗𝟔 𝒙lj − 𝝁 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟗𝟔
𝐳= 𝝈 = = −𝟐. 𝟐𝟓 𝐳= 𝝈 = = 𝟏. 𝟓
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
𝒏 𝟑𝟔 𝒏 𝟑𝟔
−𝟐. 𝟐𝟓 → 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖𝟕𝟖 𝟏. 𝟓 → 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟑𝟐

𝟎. 𝟒𝟖𝟕𝟖 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟑𝟐
𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟏 → 𝟗𝟐. 𝟏%