(Food Insecurity)

Food insecurity
- condition of not having access to sufficient food to meet one's basic
needs
- has been the globally health issue among family households that
leads to uncertain access to adequate food.
- reflects the choices households sometimes need to make between
meeting basic needs

Key Factors
1) Finances
- only have access to food if they have sufficient income
- a job assists a family to meet its fundamental needs

2) Their Living Circumstances

- age and status
- health condition
- educational background

Alternative ways to alleviate their hunger:

1) eat the food that is only available
2) limit portion sizes
3) skip mealtime
4) ask for food
5) find another source of food supply

Why is food insecurity a problem in the Philippines?

 Agricultural Sector Productivity - farming methods are over complicated
and the government focused only on the rice
 57 y/d as the age limit of being a farmer and an income of 23,000 per year
 World population growth - big threat of food insecurity

Causes of Food Insecurity

1) Poverty --- 19.99 million Filipinos lived in extreme poverty.
2) Unemployment --- losing a job or not being able to
3) find work can lead to financial strain and limit one's ability to purchase
food.
4) Natural Disasters --- floods, hurricanes, and droughts can cause a
disruption in food production, transportation, and distribution, leading to
food shortages and higher prices.
5) Conflict and Political instability --- Wars, political conflicts, and civil unrest
can disrupt food production, distribution, and access, leading to food
insecurity.
6) Climate change --- impact food production, particularly in vulnerable areas;
As global temperatures and sea levels rise, the result is more heat waves,
droughts, floods, cyclones and wildfires.
7) Lack of Infrastructure --- Poor infrastructure causes hunger by making it
difficult to transport food to areas of a country where there are shortages.
8) Health issues --- Health problems, particularly chronic illnesses, can lead
to increased medical expenses and limit an individual's ability to work,
9) Aging farmers --- Young people are increasingly seeking work in the cities,
sidelining agriculture. Without a new generation to take on the job, the
global food supply begins to look very uncertain.

Effects of Food Insecurity

1) Healt Problems --- Food insecurity can lead to malnutrition,
2) Poor academic performance --- Children who suffer from food insecurity
may have difficulty concentrating in school, leading to poor academic
performance and lower graduation rates.
3) Economic instability --- low wages, adverse social and economic conditions,
limited access to healthy foods, residential segregation, lack of affordable
housing and multiple indices of neighborhood disadvantage.
4) Emotional Distress --- Food insecurity can cause stress and anxiety, and
may lead to depression and other mental health problems.
5) Social isolation --- families may be unable to participate in social events or
gatherings
6) Increase in Crime rates--- individuals may resort to theft or other illegal
activities to obtain food.

Recommendations/Proposed Solutions:
1) Address the issue of the shortage of employment possibilities
- providing people with employment
- decreasing the standards

2) Reduction in product cost

- lowering the prices of food products
- being resourceful with the food products
- growing your own produce garden

3) Reduction in Food waste

- Good food preservation
- Using leftovers creatively.
- Cooking sufficient portion food
- Purchasing food with a longer shelf life

4) Solving malnutrition and hunger

- feeding programs
- mandatory check-ups
Organizations:
 Action Against Hunger -emphasizes locally driven projects in places hit by
armed conflict and natural catastrophes.
 Give the Kids Food - aids children in overcoming both short-term and
long-term hunger concerns
 The World Food Programme - fight hunger in the Philippines with a focus
on community revitalization.

Definitions of terms
 Food --- primary source of nourishment needed for the growth and
development of living things
 Food security --- condition where people have physical and financial
access to an adequate supply of foods
 Food insecurity --- household’s inability to cosistently obtain enough food
 Food accessibility --- state of always having access to food and not
running the risk of losing it
 Hunger --- occurs when there is insufficient food available
 Nutrition --- getting the food and nourishment you require for your health
and growth
 Malnutrition --- lack of nutrients

Acronyms:
 USAID - United States Agency for International Development
 FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization
 AGH - Action Against Hunger
 GKF - Give the Kids Food
 WFP - World Food Programme

* COVID-19 --- basta masama naging epekto, lalo na sa mga mahihirap dahil
wala trabaho dahil sa nangyaring pandemic
(Poverty)

Poverty
- state or condition in which people or communities lack the financial
resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living
- both an individual concern as well as broader social problem

Kemenerut of Poverty
 Poverty Incidence --- proportion of Filipinos whose per capital income
cannot sufficiently meet the basic needs
 Subsistence incidence / Absolute poverty --- proportion of Filipinos whose
income is not enough to meet the basic needs

Types of Poverty
 Situational Poverty
 Generational Poverty
 Absolute poverty
 Relative poverty
 Rural poverty
 Urban poverty

Main Characteristics of the Poor People:

 The majority live in rural areas and work in the agriculture sector, mostly
farmers and fishers.
 In the urban areas, such as Metro Manila, they are found in slums and
informal sector.
 They have large families (six members or more).
 In two-thirds of poor families, the head of household has only an
elementary education or below.
 They have no or few assets and minimal access to credit.
 A major income source of the poor is from enterprise income (informal
sector activities).
 A significant segment of the poor households are “chronically poor”.

Causes of Poverty
1) Corruption and Poor Governance --- corruption robs the poor
Solutions:Increase the awareness and knowledge about corruption
 Refuse to support corruption as an individual
 Promote good governance
 Keep the public sector honest, transparent, and accountable
2) Lack of Infrastructure --- affect to lives of poor; includes rood, bridge,
internet,public transportation, etc
Solution:
 Allocate more budget on infrastructure
 Attract foreign investors
 Spend only on essential infrastructure that will surely benefit the people

3) Weather and Climate Change --- affect every country on every continent
Solution:
 Reduce
 Reuse
 Recycle
 Lower your disposable plastic use
 Adopt energy effiency measures

4) Unemployment --- labour is often the only asset they can use to improve
their well-being
Solution:
 Better Education, motivation programs, and support
 Enhance the educational standards
 Fight discrimination
 Create jobs

5) Social Injustice and Inqualities --- lack of justice; address injustice on both
economic and political levels
Solution:
 Fight discrimination
 Promote gender equality
 Fight for employment rights

6) Lack of education --- main contributor to poverty

Solution:
 Provide equitable access to quality education and skills development
 Reformation of educational systems
 Build more schools, provide supplies, and train teachers.

7) Limited access to Health Care Services --- poverty is a major cause of ill
health and a barrier to accessing health care
Solutions:
 Build more clinics
 Improve hospitals and health facilities
Effects of Poverty
1) Inability to afford housing --- poverty plaguing the country and employment
opportunities being scarce, many Filipinos are unable to afford housing,
2) Malnutrition --- hunger is one of the extreme effects of poverty in the Phil.
3) Child Labor --- parents often can’t make enough money to support their
families
4) Crime and Thievery --- people oftern resot to this to survive because of the
poor conditon
5) Poor Economic Growth --- poor remain poor because they cannot borrow
against future earnings to invest
6) Bad living condition --- many families are forced to occupy public and
private lands without the right to do so

Poverty Reduction
“Help from international organization”
 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) --- end poverty, protect the earth’s
environment and climate, and ensure that people everywhere can enjoy
peace and prosperity.
 Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development (PFSD) --- supports
the national long term vision and maps directly and indirectly into
Philippine Development Plan (PDP) priorities : three pillar --- people;
prosperity and planet; peace
 Philippine Development plan (PDP) - plan for deep economic and social
transformation

“Help from national organizations”

 Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) --- primary
government agency mandated to develop, implement, and coordinate
social protection and poverty reduction solutions for and with the poor,
vulnerable, and disadvantaged.
Programs:
a) Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program(4Ps) --- a conditional
cash transfer (CCT) program that provides cash grants to
poor households
b) Kapit‐Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan ‐ Comprehensive and
Integrated Delivery of Social Services or Kalahi‐ (CIDSS) ---
poverty alleviation initiative of the DSWD that uses a
community‐driven development (CDD) approach.
c) Listahanan (National Household Targeting System for
Poverty Reduction) (NHTS-PR) --- information management
system that identifies who and where the indigent
households are
d) Sustainable livelihood program --- a community‐based
program that provides capacity building to improve the
program participants’ socio‐economic status
e) Supplementary Feeding Program --- the provision of food, in
addition to the regular meals, to currently enrolled daycare
center children.
 f) Social pension program --- Social Pension for Indigent
Senior Citizens is one of the provisions stated under Section
5 Republic Act 9994 otherwise known as the Expanded
Senior Citizens Act of 2010.
g) Assistance to Individuals in Crisis Situation --- a social safety
net or a stop-gap mechanism to support the recovery of
individuals and families from unexpected crises
h) Unconditional cash transfer (UCT) --- initiative is the biggest
tax reform mitigation program under the TRAIN Law. This
program seeks to provide cash allocations to poor
households and individuals

Ways to combat poverty

 Create awareness
 Take action on your own
 Donate
 Create jobs
 Educate everyone

Acronyms
 ADB - Asian Development Bank
 WBO - World Bank Organization
 UNICEF - United Nations International Children Emergency Func
 DSWD - Department of Social and Welfare Development
 SDG - Sustainable Development Goals
 PFSD - Partnership Framework for Sustainable Development
 PDP - Philippine Development Plan
 4Ps - Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
 CCT - Conditional Cash Transfer
 KALAHI - CIDSS - Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan - Comprehensive and
intergrated Delivery of Social services
 CDD - community-driven development
 NHTS-PR - an information management system
 UCT - Unconditional Cash transfer