Maj or Divisions of Br ain &

t heir Funct ions

Pr osencephal on Mesencephal on Rhombencephal on

or f or ebr ain or midbr ain or Hindbr ain

Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Mylencephalon Reticular Formation

Functions: - AKA ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)
- lowest part of brain - keeps people alert and aroused
- controls life sustaining functions such as - involved in ADHD
heartbeat, breathing, digestion, kidney - sleep, attention, maintenance of muscle tone, and
- damage is fatal various cardiac, circulatory, and respiratory reflexes
- essential for survival

Pons
- it consists of bundles of nerve fibers and nuclei,
including facial nerve nuclei
- it also works with the cerebellum in controlling
equilibrium and with the cerebral cortex in smoothing
and coordinating voluntary movements
- damage can lead to coma
- raphe nuclei is located in the pons, the principal site of
the synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin
- main function is alertness and sleep?wake states
related
Cerebellum
- aka "little brain"
- It is an important sensorimotor structure
- cerebellar damage eliminates the ability to precisely control one?s
movements and to adapt them to changing conditions
- it helps maintain equilibrium by predicting body positions ahead of
actual body movements
- it is also required for some kinds of motor conditioning
- controls skilled automatic movements

Tectum
- tectum is the roof of the midbrain
- superior colliculi - visual-motor function,
specifically to direct the body's orientation
toward or away from a particular visual stimuli
- inferior colliculi - center for the auditory reflexes
Tegmentum
- periaqueductal gray - it is of special interest because of its role in
mediating the analgesic (pain-reducing) effects of opioid drugs; it plays
an important role in organizing defensive behaviors (e.g., freezing).
- cerebral aqueduct
- red nucleus
- substantia nigra - synthesis and distribution of dopamine, damage leads
to Parkinson's disease, also involved in smooth bodily movements
- Ventral Tegmental Area is important in incentive motivation

Thalamus Hypothalamus
- collection of nuclei that receive sensory - involved in homeostatic functions such as body
information, sort them and then transmit to the temperature, thirst, hunger, sexual activity, Epithalamus
appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex sleep cycles, and emotions - no important function
- lateral geniculate nuclei - vision - stimulates the release of hormones from
- medial geniculate nuclei - audition pituitary gland
- ventral posterior nuclei - somatosensation - suprachiasmatic nuclei is responsible for
- also important in sleep as it shuts off the biological clock
incoming signals to help the body rest - mamillary bodies are responsible for
recollective memory
- also has optic chiasm
- if lateral hypothalamus (LH) is damaged, leads
to lack of hunger
- if ventromedial hypothalamus(VMH) is
damaged, leads to very much hungry
- anterior hypothalamus regulates temperature
and sexual behavior

Copyright @psycheasy: Any breach will attract legal action with or without legal notice. https://t.me/psycheasy