WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION GRADE

TECHNICAL DRAWING
7
4
LEARNING QUARTER

MODULE WEEK 5-8

WBLS-OBE CBLM-Aligned Self-Learning Module Technical Drawing 7

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 MODULE IN
TECHNICAL DRAWING 7
QUARTER 4
WEEK 5-8
Perspective Drawing

Development Team

Writers: Jerry A. Asuncion Jaypee Carl D. Respicio

Reviewers: Abraham S. Salvador Jerry V. Carreon

Language Editors: Angela A. Garganta Jane Meryl B. Dalde

Illustrator: Jaypee Carl D. Respicio

Layout Artist: Jerry A. Asuncion

Management Team: Vilma D. Eda Arnel S. Bandiola

Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito V. Labao

Marju R. Miguel

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 What I Need to Know
This module provides you understanding of the concept on constructing
perspective drawing. After going through the discussions and different tasks, you are
expected to attain the following:

Learning Competency: Construct perspective drawing.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. visualize perspective drawing;

2. enumerate the steps in constructing perspective drawing; and
3. perform correct procedure in constructing parallel perspective and
angular perspective.

What I Know
PRETEST

Directions: Read and answer the following statements carefully. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is the most realistic three-dimensional representation of objects.

A. Isometric B. Oblique
C. Orthographic D. Perspective

2. What type of perspective has two vanishing points?

A. Angular perspective B. Curvilinear perspective
C. Parallel perspective D. Reverse perspective

3. It is the point where the observer looks object.

A. Center point B. Piercing point
C. Station point D. Vanishing point

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 4. Which of the following plane where the picture of the object forms?
A. Ground plane B. Horizontal plane
C. Picture plane D. Profile plane

5. It is the intersection of the ground plane and the picture plane.

A. Ground line B. Horizon
C. Station point D. Visual rays

Lesson
8 Constructing Perspective Drawing

What’s In
Activity 1.
Directions: Arrange the steps in constructing oblique drawing. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. A. Create the Oblique Box.

2. B. Study the given orthographic views.
3. C. Transfer the Views.
4. D. Lay-out the measurements on the axes.
5. E. Create the Oblique Axes.

6. F. Finalize the figure by darkening the object and label it.

7. G. Analyze the figure. Determine which points needs to be

connected. Connect the points.

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What’s New

Interior designers and architects often use three-dimensional drawings when

presenting a concept to their client. Along with a plan and elevations, a 3D drawing
helps the client to easily visualize the proposed design. It describes an object; room
or building that is drawn in a manner that allows the eye to interpret it as a real
element.
A three-dimensional (3D) drawing shows the three values, length, width, and
height. Perspective projection is a type of projection where three dimensional objects
are not projected along parallel lines, but along lines emerging from a single point.
This has the effect that distant objects appearing smaller than nearer objects. It also
means that lines which are parallel in nature appear to intersect in the projected
image, for example if a street pictured with perspective projection, it appears to
converge towards a single point, called vanishing point. Photographic lenses and the
human eye work in the same way, therefore perspective projection looks most
realistic. Perspective projection is usually categorized into one-point, two-point
and three-point perspective, depending on the orientation of the projection plane
towards the axes of the depicted object.

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 What is It

PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
A perspective is the most realistic three-dimensional representation of objects
or spaces. Items are drawn in a way that is similar to how the human eye perceives
them. Objects within a space appear smaller as they get further away. Horizontal
lines look non-parallel. They appear to converge at an imaginary point in the
distance. Perspective in drawing is an approximate representation on a flat surface
of an image as it is perceived by the eye.
Of the types of perspective drawings, the most common categorizations of
artificial perspective are one, two and three-point perspectives. The names of these
categories refer to the number of vanishing points in the perspective drawing.
All types involve establishing a horizon line. This imaginary horizontal line represents
where the earth meets the sky. Vanishing points are added to this horizon line.
A vanishing point is the point to which the horizontal edges of all objects will meet.
All vertical edges of objects remain vertical. A one-point perspective is created when
only one vanishing point is positioned on the horizon line. A two-point perspective
uses two vanishing points positioned on the horizon line. Vanishing points placed too
close together produce a distorted view. The horizon line and vanishing points are
only used for blocking in objects in a room or the elements of an exterior view of a
building. They do not appear on the finished drawing. The view of an object changes
when positioned above, on or below a horizon line. Above tends to show the
underside. On the horizon line presents an eye-level view. Below shows the top. It is
similar to the way the human eye sees objects based on where a person is
positioned in relationship to them. It is important to consider this when planning an
image of a room or building. For example, it is realistic to draw a building on
the horizon line with the top of it above the horizon line. It gives the impression of
looking up at the building from street level.

Types of Perspective Drawing

1. Parallel perspective (one-point perspective) – its receding lines will

converge on a single vanishing point.

2. Angular perspective (two-point perspective) - its receding lines will

converge on two vanishing points.

3. Three-point perspective - its receding lines will converge on three vanishing

points.

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Technical Terms of Perspective Drawing

Station Point. It is the point from where the observer looks object.
Picture Plane. It is the plane in which picture of the object forms.

Horizontal Plane. This plane is parallel to the Earth and in line with the eye of
the observer.
Ground Line. This is the line of intersection of the ground plane and the picture
plane.
Horizon. The line at which the earth's surface and the sky appear to meet.
Center of Vision. This is the point on the picture plane which is the point of
intersection of the horizontal line emerging from Station point.

Piercing Point. This is the point on the picture plane which is formed by the
intersection of the picture plane and the visual rays.

Vanishing Point. This is the point at infinity where the length, breadth, and
height of an object vanish.

Worm’s eye view. If the object is placed above the horizon, then its lower view
will be seen.

Man’s eye view. If the object is placed on the horizon, then the object is viewed
in man’s eye level.

Bird’s eye view. If the object is placed below the horizon, then its upper view
will be seen.
Steps in Constructing Parallel perspective (one-point perspective)
1. Draw three horizontal lines representing picture plane, horizon, and ground
line.
2. Draw the plan (top view) on the picture plane and front elevation (front view)
on the ground line.
3. Locate station point on the ground line.
4. Project lines of vision (visual rays) from the corners of the plan to the station
point.
5. Establish the vanishing point on the horizon by projecting vertical lines upward
from the station point.
6. Project the height of the front elevation and the width of the plan.
7. Draw projectors to the vanishing point and from the piercing points project
vertical lines downward.

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 8. Draw the details of the object then darken the object lines.
Example of orthographic views to be drawn in one point perspective.

Procedure in Constructing One-Point Perspective

1. Draw three horizontal lines representing Picture plane (PP), Horizon (H), and
Ground line (GL) (refer from the measurements below for appropriate proportion
of drawings in an oslo or bond paper).

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2. Draw the plan (top view) on the picture plane and front elevation (front view) on
the ground line. Refer from the drawing below.

3. Locate station point (SP) on the ground line.

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4. Project lines of vision (visual rays) from the corners of the plan to the station point.
The intersections of the lines of vision and the picture plane are called piercing
points.

5. Establish the vanishing point on the horizon by projecting vertical lines upward
from the station point.

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6. Project the height of the front elevation and the width of the plan.

7. Draw projectors to the vanishing point and from the piercing points project
vertical lines downward.

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8. Draw the details of the object then darken the object lines.

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Steps in Constructing Angular Perspective (two-point perspective)
1. Draw three horizontal lines representing picture plane, horizon, and ground
line.
2. In the picture plane draw the plan using 30ºx60º triangle and the front
elevation on the ground line.
3. Draw vertical line from the plan and project the height of the front elevation.
4. Locate the station point. The size of perspective drawing depends on the
distance of the station point from the plan.
5. From the station point, draw two lines, one at 30 degrees and the other at 60
degrees, then mark their meeting points with the picture plane and from that
marks draw vertical line down to the horizon. Their meeting points with the
horizon will serve as the left and right vanishing points.
6. Project corners of the plan to form visual rays that converge at the station
point. Then, mark the meeting points of the visual rays and the picture plane.
These are called piercing points. Project vertical lines from the piercing points
which will serve as the measuring lines.
7. From the corners of the height of the object, project lines to the left and right
vanishing points to form its construction lines.
8. Draw the details of the object then darken the object lines.

Example of orthographic views to be drawn in two-point perspective.

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Procedure in Constructing Two Point Perspective

1. Draw three horizontal lines representing Picture plane (PP), Horizon (H), and
Ground line (GL) (refer from the measurements below for appropriate proportion
of drawings in an oslo or bond paper).

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2. In the picture plane draw the plan using 30ºx60º triangle (approximately 22 cm
away from the left edge of the oslo paper) and draw the front elevation on the
ground line.

3. Draw vertical line from the plan and project the height of the front elevation.

4. Locate the station point. The size of perspective drawing depends on the
distance of the station point from the plan.

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5. From the station point, draw two lines, one at 30 degrees and the other at 60
degrees, then mark their meeting points with the picture plane and from that
marks draw vertical line down to the horizon. Their meeting points with the
horizon will serve as the left vanishing point (LVP) and right vanishing points
(RVP).

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6. Project corners of the plan to form visual rays that converge at the station point.
Then, mark the meeting points of the visual rays and the picture plane. These
are called piercing points.

7. Project vertical lines from the piercing points which will serve as the measuring
lines.

8. From the corners of the height of the object, project lines to the left and right

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 vanishing points to form its construction lines. Project more construction lines to
form the object.

9. Draw the details of the object then darken the object lines.

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 What’s More

Activity 2.
Directions: Enumerate the steps in constructing one point perspective drawing. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

What I Have Learned

In perspective projection the eye is assumed to be situated at a definite
position relative to the object. The vertical plane which is called the picture plane is
placed between the object and the eye. Views from the eyes to the object converge
to a point in the eye are inclined to the picture plane. the image thus formed is called
as a perspective. A perspective is the most realistic three-dimensional representation
of objects or spaces. Items are drawn in a way that is similar to how the human eye
perceives them. Objects within a space appear smaller as they get further away.
Horizontal lines look non-parallel. They appear to converge at an imaginary point in
the distance. Perspective in drawing is an approximate representation on a flat
surface of an image as it is perceived by the eye.

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 W
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Activity 3. ERROR CORRECTION TEST ITEM:

Lesson Objective: EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE IN CONSTRUCTING ONE POINT
PERSPECTIVE
DIRECTIONS:
The entire test has been answered for you. Your job is to check the answers
for errors. If there are errors, do the following in the table after the test sample:
1. Correct the answer.
2. Explain why the answer is wrong.
3. Then explain why your correction is right.
ANSWERED TEST WITH ERRORS: Your teacher asked your group to enumerate the
steps in constructing one point perspective. Your leader has already done but before
he will pass it to your teacher, he asked you to check if there is/are error/s in his
answers. WHICH PART OF HIS ANSWERS IS ERRONEOUS?

Steps in Constructing Parallel perspective (one-point perspective)

1. Draw three horizontal lines representing picture plane, horizon, and ground line.
2. Draw the plan (top view) on the ground plane and front elevation (front view) on the
ground line.
3. Locate station point (SP) on the ground line.
4. Project lines of vision (visual rays) from the corners of the front elevation to the
station point.
5. Establish the vanishing point on the picture plane by projecting vertical lines
upward from the station point.

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6. Project the height of the front elevation and the width of the plan.
7. Draw projectors to the vanishing point and from the piercing points project vertical
lines downward.
8. Draw the details of the object then darken the object lines.

ERROR CORRECTION TEST ANSWER SHEET:

IDENTIFIED ERROR CORRECTION OF ERROR EXPLANATION OF CORRECTION

WEEK 6
ACTIVITY 4

PERFORMANCE STANDARD: Construct One-point Perspective

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 Being a member of youth organization and the only one young draftsman
among others in your barangay, you have been asked by your SK Chairman to
interpret the plan of a concrete bleacher using one point perspective projection.
The plan (orthographic drawing shown below) is made by an architect to be built in
front of the office to fulfill one of the projects in your organization. In constructing the
parallel perspective drawing, correct line weight and proper usage of alphabet of
lines must be observed.

SITUATION: To fulfill one of the projects in the organization.

GOAL: Interpret the plan of the project by making its one-point perspective
ROLE: Young draftsman and a member of the youth organization
PRODUCT: One point perspective or parallel perspective

AUDIENCE: SK Chairman

STANDARDS: Accuracy, legibility, neatness

WEEK 7

Activity 5. ERROR CORRECTION TEST ITEM:

Lesson Objective: EXPLAIN THE PROJECTION OF TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE
DIRECTIONS:

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 The entire test has been answered for you. Your job is to check the answers
for errors. If there are errors, do the following in the table after the test sample:
1. Correct the answer.
2. Explain why the answer is wrong.
3. Then explain why your correction is right.
ANSWERED TEST WITH ERRORS: Your teacher asked your group to enumerate the
steps in constructing two-point perspective. Your leader has already done but before
he will pass it to your teacher, he asked you to check if there is/are error/s in his
answers. WHICH PART OF HIS ANSWERS IS ERRONEOUS?

Steps in Constructing Angular Perspective (two-point perspective)

1. Draw three horizontal lines representing picture plane, horizon, and ground line.
2. In the picture plane draw the plan using 45ºx45º triangle and the front elevation
on the ground line.
3. Draw vertical line from the plan and project the height of the front elevation.
4. Locate the station point. The size of perspective drawing depends on the
distance of the station point from the plan.
5. From the piercing point, draw two lines, one at 30 degrees and the other at 60
degrees, then mark their meeting points with the picture plane and from that
marks draw vertical line down to the horizon. Their meeting points with the
horizon will serve as the left and right vanishing points.
6. Project corners of the plan to form visual rays that converge at the vanishing
point. Then, mark the meeting points of the visual rays and the picture plane.
These are called piercing points. Project vertical lines from the piercing points
which will serve as the measuring lines.
7. From the corners of the height of the object, project lines to the left and right
vanishing points to form its construction lines.
8. Draw the details of the object then darken the object lines.
ERROR CORRECTION TEST ANSWER SHEET:

IDENTIFIED ERROR CORRECTION OF ERROR EXPLANATION OF CORRECTION

WEEK 8
ACTIVITY 6

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PERFORMANCE STANDARD: Construct Two-point perspective

Being a member of the youth organization and the only one young draftsman
among others in your barangay, you have been asked by your SK Chairman to
interpret the plan of a concrete bleacher using two-point perspective. The plan
(orthographic drawing shown below) is made by an architect to be built in front of the
office to complete one of the projects in your organization. In constructing the
angular perspective, correct line weight and proper usage of alphabet of lines must
be observed.

SITUATION: To fulfill one of the projects in the organization.

GOAL: Interpret the plan of the project by making its two-point perspective
ROLE: Young draftsman and a member of the youth organization
PRODUCT: Two-point perspective or angular perspective
AUDIENCE: SK Chairman
STANDARDS: Accuracy, legibility, neatness

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 PERFORMANCE TASK ANALYTIC RUBRIC:

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1 0 RA
OUTSTANDI SATISFA DEVELO BEGINNI MISSING TIN
NG CTORY PING NG G
All the lines All the 1-5 6-10 11 or more
ACCURACY are drawn lines instances instances instances
accurately, being of lines of lines of lines are
and proper used are are are inaccuratel
line weight are drawn inaccurate inaccurat y done.
applied. accuratelyly ely done.
. constructe
d.
LEGIBILITY All the texts All the 1-5 texts 6-10 texts 11 or more
are legibly and texts are are not are not texts are
uniformly legibly legibly legibly not legibly
lettered. lettered. lettered. lettered. lettered.
NEATNESS No smudge or No 1-5 6-10 11 or more
erasure marks smudge or smudges smudges smudges
and the erasure or erasure or or erasure
drawing paper marks marks erasure marks
is fine and marks
clear
TOTAL:

CONGRATULATIONS! You are now almost done with this module. You are
now ready for the post test. Answer the post-test and find out how well you have
gone through the module. Compare your score with that of the pretest. If you get
Assessment
higher, that means you have learned something. GOOD LUCK!

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POST TEST

Directions: Read and answer the following statements carefully. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call the point on the picture plane which is formed by the
intersection of the picture plane and the visual rays?
A. Center point B. Piercing point
C. Station point D. Vanishing point

2. How does the worm’s eye view projected?

A. It is placed below the horizon.
B. It is placed above the horizon.
C. It is placed below the ground line.
D. It is placed above the picture plane.

3. What part of the object is shown in a bird’s eye view?

A. Lower part of the object.
B. Middle part of the object.
C. Rear view of the object.
D. Upper part of the object.

4. Which of the following tool is required in constructing angular perspective?

A. Compass B. Ruler
C. 30ºx60º triangle D. 45ºx45º triangle

5. What drawing must be placed above the picture plane in constructing

perspective?
A. Front elevation B. Isometric
C. Plan D. Side elevation

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Technical Drafting 8 Self-Learning Module CBLM-Aligned WBLS-OBE
What’s More
1. Draw three horizontal lines
representing picture plane, horizon,
and ground line.
2. Draw the plan (top view) on the picture
plane and front elevation (front view) on
Post the ground line. What’s In Pretest
test 3. Locate station point (SP) on the ground 1. B 1. D
1. B line.
2. E 2. A
4. Project lines of vision (visual rays) from
2. B
the corners of the plan to the station 3. D 3. C
3. D point.
4. A 4. C
5. Establish the vanishing point on the
4. C
horizon by projecting vertical lines 5. C 5. A
5. C upward from the station point. 6. G
6. Project the height of the front elevation
and the width of the plan. 7. F
7. Draw projectors to the vanishing point
and from the piercing points project
vertical lines downward.
8. Draw the details of the object then
darken the object lines.
Answer Key
References:

Ecourseonline.Perspectivedrawing.Feb.14,2021http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod
/page/view.php?id=122451

Cseek.perspectivedrawing.March25,2021https://civilseek.com/perspective-
projection-drawing/

DepEd, Competency-Based Learning Material, Drafting Technology, second year.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900
Contact Number: (077)-771-3678
Email Address: laoag.city@deped.gov.ph

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