Dr. Carl E.

Balita Review Center

CBRC Headquarters
2nd Flr., Carmen Building, 881 G. Tolentino St. corner España Blvd., Sampaloc, Manila 1008

Academics and Services Department (ASD)

LET-Education

Assessment of Learning
Test: an instrument for measuring something
Measurement: the process of quantifying
Assessment: the process of gathering data
Evaluation: the process of giving judgement

Kinds of assessment:
1. FOR learning: done before and during a lesson; not graded
2. OF learning: done after a lesson; graded
3. AS learning: self-assessment; not graded

Placement Assessment: assess students’ aptitudes and place them in specific groups
Formative Assessment: monitors the students’ learning before proceeding to the next topic
Diagnostic Assessment: determines the students’ strength and weaknesses
Summative Assessment: administered o determine the overall learning and to give grades

Modes of assessment:
1. Traditional: paper and pencil; low-level thinking; scoring is objective
2. Performance: direct evidence; actual demonstration of skills; scoring is subjective
3. Portfolio: collection of students’ works
a. Documentation/ Working/ Development: students’ works from beginning to present
b. Process: documentation portfolio PLUS reflections
c. Showcase/Product: best or final outputs only

Traditional Assessment Authentic Assessment

Selecting a response Performing a task
Contrived Real life
Recall Application
Teacher-structured Student-structured
Indirect evidence Direct evidence

Checklist: determines the absence or presence of desirable traits

Rating Scale: measures the degree or extent of a certain criterion
Rubric: combination of checklist and rating scale
1. Analytic: rates each criterion independently
2. Holistic: rates the performance/product as a whole
Types of Assessment:

1. Selective type: with choices

a. Multiple choice: stem with 3 or more alternatives
b. Alternative response: declarative statements with only 2 alternatives
c. Matching type: 2 parallel columns (premise and response)
2. Supply type: no choices
a. Short answer: direct questions answered by a word, phrase, number or symbol
b. Completion: incomplete statements
3. Essay: composed of sentences
a. Restricted: limited response due to the objectivity of the topic
b. Extended: requires the students to express their opinions

Validity: measures what the test intends to measure

1. Face validity: depends on the physical appearance of the test
2. Content validity: depends on the presence of objectives in the curriculum
3. Criterion-related validity: depends on the relationship between 2 indicators
a. Concurrent: comparing a test in the present to a test in the past
b. Predictive: comparing a test in the present to a test in the future
4. Construct validity: concerns with psychological traits that influence the scores of the test

Reliability: consistency of results

1. Test-retest: administering the same test with a long time interval
2. Equivalent form: administering 2 parallel tests with a short time interval
3. Test-retest with equivalent form: administering 2 parallel tests with a long time interval
4. Split-half: dividing a test into two parts with items similar to each other
5. Kuder-Richardson: comparing a student’s score with regards the scores of others

Item analysis: examining the desirability or undesirability of an item with regards the students’ responses to
that item
1. Difficulty index: how easy or hard and item is
Very Easy 1.0 - 0.81
Easy 0.80 – 0. 61
Moderate 0.60 - 0.41
Difficult 0.40 – 0.21
Very Difficult 0.20 – 0.00

2. Discrimination index: distinction between the high and low performing students
Very good 0.40 and above
Reasonably good 0.30 – 0.39
Marginal 0.20 – 0.29
Poor item 0.19 and below

Retain an item: 0.25-0.75 (Difficulty index) and 0.2 and above (Discrimination index)
Revise an item: only one of the two criteria is met
Reject an item: none of the two criteria is met
Central tendency:
1. Mean: the average of the scores
2. Median: the middlemost score
3. Mode: the most occurring score

Measures of variability:
1. Range: the difference between the highest and the lowest score
2. Standard deviation: average degree to which each score deviates from the mean; most stable and
important measure of variability
3. Variance: square of standard deviation

K-12 Grading System (DO #8, s. 2015)

Grades 1-10 Grading System

English/Filipino/AP/ESP Math and Science MAPEH and TLE
Written Work 30% 40% 20%
Performance Task 50% 40% 60%
Quarterly Assessment 20% 20% 20%

Grades 11 and 12 Grading System

Academic Tracks All Other Tracks

Core subjects All other Work All other Work
subjects immersion subjects immersion
and major and major
Written Work 25% 25% 35% 20% 20%
Performance 50% 45% 40% 60% 60%
Task
Quarterly 25% 30% 25% 20% 20%
Assessment

Grade Indicators

Outstanding 90-100
Very Satisfactory 85-89
Satisfactory 80-84
Fairly Satisfactory 75-79
Did not meet expectations 74 and below