MEMO

FORM 1 – 2017

SECTION A: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

QUESTION 1

Ensure that all answers are worth a full TWO marks.

1.1) ‘A period of technological improvement and increased crop productivity that occurred during the
18th and early 19th centuries in Europe. Transition from private (subsistence) to commercial
farming.’
1.2) ‘The process of making an area more urban. And/or the movement of people from rural to urban
areas.’
1.3) ‘The use of children for manual labour tasks during the Industrial Revolution, e.g. mining,
cleaning factories, working the power loom, etc.’
1.4) ‘The process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing
that work with machinery.’
1.5) ‘Small densely populated urban housing used to house factory/mine workers following mass
urbanisation in the late 19th century.’

QUESTION 2

2.1) Natal ()

2.2) It was easily accessible by sea (), the hot humid climate was excellent for growing sugar
().
2.3) A poor person in former times who agreed to work for an employer for a specific number of
years. During this period of time, they learnt a skill or job, but had to pay their employer for their
travelling and living costs (). Colonists used it because it was cheap () and created a
guaranteed workforce ().
2.4) 1886 () Witwatersrand ()
2.5) Pro – it prevented large monopolies from forming ( )
Con – it was slow and inefficient ()
2.6) Black claim holders were forbidden from owning individual mining rights/plots ( ). Thus many
had to switch to working as labourers for white mine holders ( ).
SECTION B: SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA

QUESTION 3

3.1) Award TWO marks for any of the following points:

- Economics/wealth to support an industrialised France
- Trade (exports)
- It is their right as a “superior” race
- It is their duty to civilise Africa
- Need for harbours for their navy
3.2) Award TWO marks each for any of the following or equally valid answers:
- Spread Christianity
- Natural resources
- Slavery
- Imperial Competition
3.3) Award TWO marks per correct power and a further TWO marks for corresponding colony
identified, e.g. Britain: Botswana and South Africa
3.4) ‘He was trying to justify his colonial policies to the French government ( ). This can be seen in
his use of the phrases, “grandeur” () and “superior” ().’
3.5) Propaganda ()
3.6) Award TWO marks each for any of the following or equally valid answers:
- Working in the heat
- Forced to work continuously to drum beats
- Forced carry heavy loads on their heads
- Whipped
- Separated from their women
- They were kept weakened and hungry
3.7) ‘They used divide and rule tactics (), i.e. the separated indigenous peoples into groups
favouring one over the other to create rivalries and thus prevent a united uprising.’
3.8) ‘He describes it as a savage/brutal place ( ) lacking in civilisation ().’
3.9) ‘Historians would not trust the source because it is clearly bias ( ). Stanley is clearly trying to
praise King Leopold () as a means to obtain the well-paying job of colonial administrator
().’

QUESTION 4

4.1) Use the rubric to mark the answer. Responses will likely include the following ideas:
- Loss of tradition culture, language
- Conversion to Christianity
- Importing of modern weaponry
- Divide and rule
- Civil wars post-independence
- Cultural exchange (food, clothing names, etc.)
SECTION C: WW1

QUESTION 5

5.1) Award TWO marks each for any of the following or equally valid answers:
- Nationalism
- Patriotism
- To make their families proud
- For money
- For adventure
- Because propaganda was effective
- They did want to be seen as cowards
- Because their friends did (peer pressure/pals battalions)
5.2) Award TWO marks for each correct reason why it is effective and a further TWO marks for each
correctly corresponding visual clue, e.g. ‘The source is effective because it make men want to
make their future children proud (). This can be seen by the little girl sitting on her Father’s
lap asking him, “Daddy, what did YOU do during the War?” ()’ This format needs to repeated
twice to attain full 8 marks.
5.3) Award TWO marks for any of the following:
- Muddy
- Wet
- Damp
- Limited cover
- Exposed to shelling/mortar attacks
- No place to sleep/cook
5.4) Award TWO marks for any of the following:
- They are only a snapshot in time
- We do not know details of publishing
- No exact date
- No photographer name
- They can be posed