TOPIC EXPERIMENT 3: THERMODYNAMICS 1

TITLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE

DURATION 2 HOURS

1.0 Experiment Outcome:

At the end of this experiment student should be able:

a) To understand the relationship between pressure and temperature

2.0 Theory:

Ideal Gas Equation

Combining all the three gas laws explained above, a mathematical equation can be
constructed involving all the 4 major parameters of ideal gas2. They are shown below,

PV= nRT, where

P= Pressure of the ideal gas (in the unit of Pa),

V= Volume of the ideal gas (in the unit of m3),
n= Number of mole of the ideal gas (in the unit of mole),
R= gas constant (same for all type of ideal gas, = 8.314472 m3・Pa・K-1・mol-1),
T= Temperature of the ideal gas (in the unit Kelvin).

However, the equation above is valid only at low pressure and high temperature. This
is due to the reason that the equation is based on the two assumptions:
(i) size of each gas molecule is neglected
(ii) there is no attraction/ bonding between each gas molecule.

1STP refers to the standard condition, where the pressure is 100 kPa (1bar) and
temperature is 273.15K (00C) 24 major parameters of ideal gas are its pressure, volume,
number of mole, and temperature.

At low temperature, the attraction forces between molecules become significantly

strong and this would affect the accuracy of ideal gas equation. The same applies for high
pressure. At high pressure condition, gas molecules movements are restricted and the
bonding between molecules are stronger. The ideal gas equation can also be rearranged to
find the relationship between other parameters of ideal gas.
3.0 Apparatus/Equipment:

1. Perfect Gas Law Apparatus

2. Instruction manual/Lab sheet

Valve Description:
Valve Compressor = Compressed air from compressor
V1 = ON/OFF valve from compressor
V2 = ON/OFF valve from compressor to tank 1
V3 = ON/OFF valve from compressor to tank 2
V4 = ON/OFF valve to vacuum pump
V5 = ON/OFF valve from tank 1 to vacuum pump
V6 = ON/OFF valve from tank 2 to vacuum pump

Setup:
4.0 Safety Precaution:

1. Do not pressurized both of the vessels up to 2bar.

2. Do not allow the pressure drops below -0.5bar when using the vacuum pump.
3. Do not heal both of the vessels up to 40°C.
4. Before run the experiment, ensure all the valves are CLOSED.
5. Do not operate this apparatus without the safety covers that covering the vessels.
6. Do not attempt to change the setting of the pressure meter and temperature
meter.
7. Do not attempt to regulate the pressure regulators.
8. Switch OFF the compressor once the air is fully compressed.

5.0 Procedures:

1. Plug the 3 pin plug of the trainer to the main 240VAC single phase main power
supply. Switch ON the power supply.
2. Before switch ON the power for this apparatus, ensure the pressure reading at
the air filter/regulator is 2bar. Else, regulate the pressure to 2bar.
3. Ensure all the valves (V1-V6) are CLOSED.
4. Switch ON the main power supply at the control panel
5. Ensure all the meters (pressure and temperature) are working properly.
6. Pull the relief valve which is located at the T-fitting with the pressure gauge.
Allow all the air in the vessels is evacuated.
7. Switch ON the compressor.
8. Allow all the air in the compressor to be compressed. The compressor will shut
down itself once the air is fully compressed.
9. Switch OFF the compressor when the compressor tank is full.
10. State down the initial value of the temperature and pressure from the
temperature meter and pressure meter.
11. Open the V4 and slightly open the valve, V5, observe the change of pressure in
the tank 1. State down the value in the table provided.
12. Repeat step 11 with -0.1bar increment till -0.4bar.(Caution : Do not allow the
pressure in the vessels exceed -0.5bar)
13. Close the V5 valve. Evacuate the air in the vessel by pulling the pressure relief
valve.
14. Repeat the experiment with the tank 2.
15. Plot the graph of Temperature versus Pressure.
 16. Also plot the graph of pressure versus tank volume. (Given : volume of tank
1 = 12 litres and volume of tank 2 = 7 litres)

6.0 Results/Data:

Vessel Tank 1
Vacuum air
Pressure (bar) Temperature (°C)
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4

Vessel Tank 2
Vacuum air
Pressure (bar) Temperature (°C)
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4

1.0 Discussion:

Write the outcome of your observation from this practical exercise. Discuss relationship
between pressure and temperature

8.0 Conclusion/ Suggestion:

Write the conclusion of this experiment.

9.0 References:

1. Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles (1998) Thermodynamics: An Engineering

Approach. McGraw Hill

2. Fakhru’l –Razi Ahmadun, Chuah Teong Guan, Mohd Halim Shah Ismail).
Safety:Principles & Practices in the Laboratory, UPM Press (2005)
 POLITEKNIK SEBERANG PERAI
KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI
JALAN PERMATANG PAUH
13500 PERMATANG PAUH
PULAU PINANG
MALAYSIA

EXPERIMENT NO. : ______________________

TITLE : _______________________

DATE : _______________________

PROGRAM : _______________________

SEMESTER : _______________________

NAME MATRIX NO.

1. ____________________________ ____________________

2. ____________________________ ____________________

3. ____________________________ ____________________

4. ____________________________ ____________________

5. ____________________________ ____________________

6. ____________________________ ____________________

LECTURER : 1. ___________________________________

2. ___________________________________

ON TIME SUBMITTED MARK

LATE SUBMITTED
/
RETURN BACK