EAPP REVIEWER ( 3RD )
- Refers how the information within an
ACADEMIC AND NON ACADEMIC
• NON ACADEMIC TEXT
- Text that can be written by anyone
- Using informal or casual language
- Usually includes one’s opinion
- Opinions neither correct or incorrect
ACADEMIC TEXT
- Critical, objective, specialized
- Written by professionals
- Uses formal language
- Based on facts or solid basis
- Takes years to be published
PARTS OF ACADEMIC TEXT
I. TITTLE PAGE – Provides
information about the tittle, authors
and type of works.
II. ABTRACT OR SUMMARY- brief
account of the main content
III. TABLE OF CONTENTS- gave idea
of what the paper is about in early
stage.
IV. INTRODUCTION – Soft and
orientation to engage and acquaint
V. BACKGROUND- necessary
background information
VI. AIM AND ISSUE- provides the
terms of reference
VII. THEORETRICAL FRAMEWORK-
Defines key concepts, discuses
relevant me methodological details.
VIII. METHOD – methodological details
IX. RESULTS,ANALYSIS,
DISCUSION- Results of the study it
analysis and discussion
X. CLOSURE- end of academic paper
XI. LIST OF REFERENCES –
acknowledges the contribution of
others writers
XII. APPENDICES – contains
supplementary materials that may be
helpful.
TEXT STRUCTURE
writer text is organized.
TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE
• CAUSE AND EFFECT
- Presents the casual relationship between a
specific event, idea or concept that follow.
For example is an article explaining how
the commercial influence consumers
- Uses word: as a result, because of, thus
for these reasons
• COMPARE AND CONTRAST
- Examines similarities and differences
between two or more things
- Uses words: like, in contrast, similar to,
while, as, oppose to, where as
• DESCRIPTIVE
- Features a details description of
something
- Uses word: characteristics are, to
illustrate, also, example, in addition
• PROBLEM AND SOLUTION
- Sets up the problem and solution and
discusses the effects of solutions.’
- Uses words: characteristics are, to
illustrate, also, example, in addition
• ORDER AND SEQUENCE
- Gives a readers a chronological of events
or a list of steps in a procedure.
- Uses words: first, second, last, next, then,
before another
 SENTENCE OUTLINE
OUTLINING READING TEXTS uses complete sentence for each topics and
subtopics as it is more informative compare to
An outline is a map of your essay. It shows what
topic sentence
information each section or paragraph will
contain and in what order. Most outlines use FIVE STEPS IN OUTLINING A TEXT
numbers and/or bullet points to arrange
1. Read and comprehend the text.
information and convey points. Outlining is a
tool used in the writing process to help organize 2. Write a clear thesis statement.
your ideas, visualize your paper’s
3. Create an outline.
potential structure and to further flesh out and
develop points. It allows you to understand how 4. Organize the outline using the
you are to connect information to support the supporting details.
thesis statement and the claims of the paper. An
outline provides you with a space to consider 5. Adjust your outline as needed
ideas easily without needing to write complete
FIVE ELEMENTS OF STORY
paragraphs or sentences.
1. Setting
TWO MAIN TYPES OF OUTLINE
A story's setting refers not only to the physical
TOPIC OUTLINE
location, but also the time the action takes place.
summarizes the main topics and subtopics of the It is the where and the when of a story.
article in words or phrases
2. Character
Depending on the nature of the story, characters
are most often people or animals. Writers use
characters to perform the actions and speak the
dialogue of a story. They move a story’s plot
forward. They are the who of a story.
TWO MOST ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS
IN A STORY
a. Protagonist is the main character or principal
character or group of characters in a story.
Writers use the protagonist to drive the story
forward—the protagonist’s goals reflect the
overall story goals; the plot moves forward
based on the protagonist’s decisions, and their
character arc is what the readers follow
throughout the story.
b. Antagonist is the opposer or combatant
working against the protagonist’s or leading
characters’ goal (“antagonizing”) and creating
the main conflict.
3. Plot
The plot relates to the events that happen in a
story. It is the what of the story. Plot usually
begins with a problem and ends in the story’s
resolution.
FIVE PARTS OF PLOT
Exposition
The exposition is the beginning of the story and
prepares the way for upcoming events. In the
exposition, the author introduces the major
characters, establishes the setting and reveals
major conflicts in the story. The author often
discusses the characters' backstory, so readers
gain insight as to why characters act or respond
as they do
Rising Action
The rising action occurs when the main problem
or conflict is addressed with a form of action.
The rising action always leads up to the climax.
During the rising action, the protagonist often
encounters some sort of crisis that creates
tension
Climax
The climax is the pivotal point in the story when
the protagonist deals with the culmination of
events. The climax often centers on the
Protagonist's most difficult challenge or bleakest
moment, according to Pasadena City College.
Falling Action
The falling action occurs immediately after the
climax and details the consequences -- good or
bad -- that the characters must deal with after the
turning point of events. It leads up to there
solution and sets the stage for the final chapter
of the story.
Resolution
The resolution tells us what happens to the
characters after the conflict is resolved. All the
loose ends are tied up, unless the author plans to
write a sequel and purposely leaves room for
further plot developments. Some stories have
happy endings; others have sad endings. The
resolution leaves readers with a sense of closure,
so they understand the fate of the protagonists
and antagonists
4. Conflict
Every good story requires conflict. This conflict
can be thought of as a challenge or problem that
drives the action of the story. No conflict, no
story. Setting up a series of cause and effect
events, conflict gives these events their why.
Two Types of Conflict:
a. Internal conflict is when a character struggles
with their own opposing desires or beliefs. It
happens within them, and it drives their
development as a character.
b. External conflict sets a character against
something or someone beyond their control.
External forces stand in the way of a character’s
motivations and create tension as the character
tries to reach their goals
5. Theme
A little more abstract than the previous elements,
the theme refers to the underlying insight, the
moral or idea that the writer is expressing
through the story. It is often thought of as the
‘message’ of the story
MORE ADVANCE STORY ELEMENTS
Point of View:
To identify the POV in a story, students must ask
“who is telling the story?” Is it a first, third, or
even second (rare!) person narrator? Are they
omniscient or limited in their perspective?
Tone:
A writing’s tone is established through word
choices, use of literary devices, grammar,
rhythm, and rhyme etc. Tone is the overall
‘flavor’ of the story that is created by using all of
these techniques combined. It is the attitude the
writer displays towards their subject or theme.
Style:
Related to tone in many regards, style is the
individual author’s unique voice and it is again
evidenced in their word choices, plot patterns,
sentence structures etc. The writer’s personal
style isa strong contributor to a writing’s tone.
Mood:
This is about the effect the writer creates in the
reader and how they evoke it through their use
of language