Group 5 Social Learning Theory

group 6
Social
Learning
theory
Page 02 of 44
Introduction
• Social learning theory emphasizes on the importance of observing and
modelling the behaviors, attitudes and emotional reactions of others.

•Social learning theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social
context.

Page 03 of 44 group 6
Albert
Bandura
• Born on December 4, 1925
• Canadian, American
• Studied at University of British Columbia and
University of Lowa.
• Researched and taught at Stanford University
• Elected president of American
Psychological Association in 1974
• Famous for research on social learning theories.
• known as the father of cognitive theory
• soon became fascinated by psychology after

enrolling at the University of British Columbia.
• In 1949 he graduated from the University of British Columbia with a

degree in
Psychology.
•After he finished his PhD because of his famous studies and

searches Bandura
was elected as the president of the American Psychological
Association in 1974.
social learning theory

concept 1 concept 2 concept 3
people assimilate and
This theory is based on imitate that behavior,
by observing the
the idea that we learn especially if their observational
behaviors of others,
from our interactions experiences are positive ones
people
with others in a social or
develop similar behaviors. include rewards related to the
context.
observed behavior.

This theory has often
has become perhaps been called a bridge between
by observing the
the most influential behaviors of others, behaviorist learning theories
theory of learning and and cognitive learning
people
theories because it
development. develop similar behaviors. encompasses attention,
memory, and motivation.
Page 07 0f 44 group 6

in his theory he added a
Bandura believes that According to the elements of
social element, this theory there are three
direct reinforcement
arguing that people can general principles for learning
could not
learn new information and from each other.
account for all types of
behaviors by watching
learning.
other people.
General Principles
of social learning
Concept 1
The principles of social learning
are assumed to operate in the
same way throughout life.
General Principles general principle 1

of social learning Observation Learning- People can learn
through observation.
general principle 2 general principle 3

Imitation Learning- is the reproduction of
Modeling Process- Learning does not lead to
learning through observation” (Gross, 2020, p.
a change in behavior.
489)
•Based on these general principles, learning can

occur without a change in behavior. In other words,
behaviorists say that learning has to be represented
by a permanent change in behavior; while in contrast
social learning theorists say that because people can
learn through observation alone, their learning may
not necessarily be shown in their performance.
(Bandura, 1965).
Learning may or may not

result in a behavior change.
(Bandura, 2006b).
Page 12 of 44
Behaviors learned through

modeling

The people who are being observed

are called models and the process
of learning is
called modeling.
Page 13 of 44

modeling

stated second and third
Bandura’s
stages of social learning, imitation
and behavior modeling, will occur if
a person observes positive, desired
outcomes in the first stage.
Page 14 of 44

modeling

stated second and third
Bandura’s
stages of social learning, imitation and
behavior modeling, will occur if a
person observes positive, desired
outcomes in the first stage.
Page 15 of group 6
Aggression can also be learned through models. Much

research indicates that children become more
aggressive when they observed aggressive or violent
models. From this view, moral thinking and moral
behavior are influenced by observation and modeling. In
consequence, learning includes moral judgments
regarding right and wrong which can in part, develop
through modeling.
3 concepts of SLT
people can learn
learning does not
through mental states are
necessarily lead to a
observation which is important factor for
change in behavior and it
known as observational learning it is also named follows
learning. as intrinsic by modeling process.
reinforcement.
3 Models of Observation Learning

live model
involves an actual individual demonstrating
symbolic model
or acting out a behavior.
involves real or fictional characters

verbal instructional model displaying behaviors in books, films,
television programs, or online media.
involves descriptions and explanations

of a behavior.
Intrinsic Reinforcement
One of the other formats of

learning is described as a form of
internal reward, such as pride,
satisfaction, and a sense of
accomplishment.
Modeling Process
Bandura mentions four necessary

conditions which are needed in
modeling process. By
considering these steps, an
individual can successfully make
the behavior model of
someone else.
group 6 Page 20 0f 44
# 1 Attention
Modeling
process
the behavior that we are trying to imitate has
to grab our attention, so that no external
factors become distractions.
o Not all observed behaviors are

# 2 Retention
effectively learned. Factors
The observer must be able to remember the
involving both the model and
behavior that has been observed. One way of
increasing this is using the technique of the learner can play a role in
rehearsal. whether social learning is
successful.
Modeling Stages
#3 Reproduction
is the ability to replicate the behavior that the
model has just demonstrated. This means that
the observer has t o be able t o replicate the
action, which could be a problem with a learner
who is not ready developmentally t o replicate
the action.
Modeling Stages
#4 Motivation
The will to perform the behavior. The

rewards and punishment that follow a
behavior will be considered by the observer.
Reinforcement and punishment play

an important role in motivation.
Social
Cognitive
learning theory
A learning theory which has
come out on the ideas that
people learn by watching what
others do, and that human
thought processes are central to
understanding personality
About SCLT
The theory he expanded from social
learning theory soon became known as
social cognitive theory. This theory provides
a framework for understanding, predicting
and changing human behavior. It is also
focused on how children and adults
operate cognitively on their social
experiences and how these cognitions then
influence behavior and development.

Mccormick and Martinko (2004), based on

their studies introduce some basic
assumptions of Bandura’s SCLT. They
claimed that:
People can learn by observing others;

Learning is an internal process that may
or may not result in a behavior change;
Learning can occur without a change in
behavior (Observation without imitation)
group 6 Page 26 of 44
Observational Learning
Effect
phenomena
Acquiring new behavior from model
Response Facilitation
Effect
on SCLT
According to the literature increased
frequency of learned behavior after model is
reinforced for same behavior
phenomena Response Inhibition
on SCLT
Effect
Decreased frequency of learned behavior
after observing punished model.
Response
disinhibition Effect
Return of inhibited response after observing
model behave that adverse
consequences.
Page 28 of 44
Internal principle
of SCLT

People are only partial products of their environments. Just

as important is the fact that we create beneficial
environments and then proceed to exercise control over
them. By selecting environments carefully, we can influence
what we become. Our choices are influenced by our beliefs
as well as our capabilities.
Page 29 of 44
Some scholars in the area of SCLT like

Betz, 2007, and
Bandura proposes Green & Peil, 2009 supported Bandura
only a single internal principle view of triadic reciprocity and define
comprised of three interacting human behavior as a triadic, dynamic,

and reciprocal interaction of personal
elements. This principle is termed
factors, behavior, and the environment.
triadic reciprocity.
On a closer observation, these three
fundamentals work in a reciprocal nature.
internal principle
behavior environmental personal

factors factors
Self-efficacy and SCLT

introduced context of an explanatory
model of human behavior, in which
self-efficacy causally influences
expected outcomes of behavior, but
not vice versa

Self-efficacy beliefs exert their diverse
effects through cognitive,
motivational, emotional, and
decisional processes. Efficacy beliefs
affect whether individuals think
optimistically or pessimistically, in
self-enhancing or self-debilitating
ways.


They play a central role in
the self-regulation of
motivation through goal
challenges and outcome
expectations.
Self efficacy lies at the center of

SCLT and shows that beliefs about one’s
ability or capacity to execute a behavior
successfully. Moreover, it clarifies that
people tend to engage in activities based
on their sense of competence or past
success.
Page 35 of 44
Bandura’s idea suggested that self

efficacy can affect on behavior &
cognition in the following ways:
 Activity choice  Goal setting  Effort &  Learning &

persistence achievement

Page 36 of 44
They concluded that people with high

efficacy are more likely to view difficult
tasks as something to be mastered rather
than something to be avoided while the
people with weak efficacy more likely to
avoid challenging tasks and finally they
focus on personal failings and negative
outcomes.
Self-regulation refers to the process
Self-regulation in which people

control and direct their actions. It
conceives of the individual as being
goal directed and
actively involved in developing
functional patterns of thinking and
behaving in response
to environmental conditions in
order to attain personal goals.
Effective self-regulation is
a cyclical process in which
Self-regulation performers actively monitor

the performance
environment,
develop functional task
strategies, skillfully
implements those plans, and
monitor the
results.
Bandura (1978) in his theory

presented promoting self-
regulation as an important
technique. He believes it is
usually done by teaching the
individual to reward himself after
doing the needed behavior.
Linking
between
SLT and SCLT
Bandura based on his studies
and findings decided to rename
his SLT to Social Cognitive
Learning Theory (SCLT). In other
words, the Social Cognitive
learning Theory (SCLT) stemmed
for a better description from the
SLT which had been advocating
since 1960's.
group 6 Page 41 of 44
positive reinforcement
Strengths and
it means the action mimicked by
the observer is a positive one, therefore the
action may be reward able or commended
Weaknesses of SLT
by others.

Basically, according to the

punishment
literature the main strength &
it uses when the action mimicked by the
observer is negative and may offend or harm weakness o
others, thereby leading to a form of
Social/Observational learning
punishment.
depends on the model.
Page 42 of 44
According to this point, if the model is producing a

behavior that is appropriate,
responsible and positive overall, the observer will
mimic that positive good behavior.
So, as future social workers, we need to be
constantly aware of how we present ourselves
and of our actions. Thus, it can be said if we
believe Bandura's theory is correct, that
means the things we do are under constant
watch by others.

Page 43 of 44
'Most learning is gained by

people's perception and thinking
about what they experience.
They learn by copying the
examples of others around
them.'

- Albert Bandura
group 6
Thank
You, everyone

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group 6

• known as the father of cognitive theory

• soon became fascinated by psychology after

• In 1949 he graduated from the University of British Columbia with a

•After he finished his PhD because of his famous studies and

social learning theory

social learning theory

social learning theory

General Principles general principle 1

general principle 2 general principle 3

•Based on these general principles, learning can

Learning may or may not

Behaviors learned through

The people who are being observed

Behaviors learned through

Behaviors learned through

Aggression can also be learned through models. Much

3 Models of Observation Learning

involves real or fictional characters

involves descriptions and explanations

One of the other formats of

Bandura mentions four necessary

o Not all observed behaviors are

The will to perform the behavior. The

Reinforcement and punishment play

Mccormick and Martinko (2004), based on

People can learn by observing others;

phenomena Response Inhibition

People are only partial products of their environments. Just

Some scholars in the area of SCLT like

comprised of three interacting human behavior as a triadic, dynamic,

behavior environmental personal

Self-efficacy and SCLT

Self-efficacy and SCLT

Self-efficacy and SCLT

Self efficacy lies at the center of

Bandura’s idea suggested that self

 Activity choice  Goal setting  Effort &  Learning &

They concluded that people with high

Self-regulation refers to the process

Self-regulation in which people

Self-regulation performers actively monitor

Bandura (1978) in his theory

Basically, according to the

According to this point, if the model is producing a

'Most learning is gained by

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