Philippine Politics and Governance- Grade 12

Name: _________________________ Grade: __________ Q: 1 Lesson 3

I. Most Essential Learning Competency
Differentiate political ideologies
a. Anarchism b. Fascism c.Conservatism d.Reactionism e.Social Democracy

II. Overview

Ideology refers to a set of beliefs and ideas that shape an individual’s or a

group’s views, actions, and interactions with the world. Political ideology, meanwhile,
is a set of beliefs and ideas that define political activities, policies, and events.

Political ideologies have two dimensions: Goals-pertains to how society should

be organized and Methods, refers to the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.
The concurrence of the two is essential to achieve the legitimate interest in the society
(Sadera et al. 2018, 13).

Anarchism. Is a political ideology that advocates self-governed societies based

on voluntary institutions. These are often described as stateless societies, although
several authors have defined them more specifically as institutions based on non-
hierarchical free associations. (Sadera et al. 2018, 13). And to oppose is the means
to achieve the goal.

Fascism. It is an authoritarian or totalitarian nationalist political ideology. They

believe that a nation is an organic community that requires strong leadership, singular
collective identity, and the will and ability to commit violence and wage war in order to
keep the nation strong and achieve the goal.

Conservatism. It emphasized a ‘natural order’ based on tradition and slow

evolutionary change (Sadera et al. 2018, 14 -16). It seeks to preserve a range of
institutions such as religion, parliamentary government, and property rights, with the
aim of emphasizing social stability and continuity [in opposition to the rapid societal
change] (en.wikipedia.org 2020).

Reactionism. This ideology advocates a return to the “old ways”. Reactionaries

seek to overturn the present state of society as flawed and looks to the past which
they consider as a more orderly and better time. Society, therefore, should change a
way that traditional practices and previous state policies are revived.

Social Democracy. Envisions the establishment of a socialist state through

legal, non-violent means. This ideology seeks to implement socialist reforms in society
within the framework of a democratic government and capitalist economy.

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III. Activities
Activity 1 – Define Me
Directions: After reading the different political ideologies, define the concept of political
ideology in your own words.

Activity 2 - Match Me
Directions: The column on your left is the outline structure of political ideologies, the
box on your right contains the unorganized points which are the goals and methods
of political ideologies. Determine the goal and method of each political ideology in the
box and write the letter only on the blank provided after the goal and method of each
political ideology.
Outline Structure Unorganized Points
1. Anarchism A. Stateless society.
1.1 Goal: ___________
B. The will and ability to commit violence and
1.2 Method: _________ wage war in order to keep the nation strong
2. Fascism (Sadera et al. 2018, 16).
2.1 Goal: ___________
C. Establishment of a socialist state.
2.2 Method: _________
D. Implement socialist reforms in society within
3. Conservatism the framework of a democratic government and
3.1 Goal: ___________ capitalist economy (Joven 2017, 52).

3.2 Method: _________ E. Seek to overturn the present state of society

4. Reactionism
4.1 Goal: ____________
4.2 Method: _________
5. Social Democracy
5.1 Goal: ___________
as flawed and looks to the past which they
consider as a more orderly and better time (Joven
2017, 53).
F. Revive the traditional practices and previous
state policies.
G. Natural order’ based on tradition.

5.2 Method: _________ H. Oppose the rapid societal change

I. Authoritarian or totalitarian.
Activity 3 – Essay Writing
J. Self-governed societies based on voluntary
institutions (Sadera et al. 2018, 13).
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Directions: Based from the above-mentioned political ideologies, select one or two
ideologies that you prefer. Write an essay on the importance of these ideologies in
your daily life.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
IV. Rubric for Scoring
Activity 3 – Essay Me

Criteria Points
Organization and Focus (clear main 5
ideas and supporting details, stays on
topic).

Knowledge of the topic (logical or 5

factual information as its basis).
Originality (vivid details and 5
creativity).
In accordance with the format 5
Total 20

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V. Answer Key

The answer will depend on the student’s ability/skill /learning •

Activity 1: DEFINE ME

F 4.2 2.2 B
E 4.1 2.1 I
5.2 D H 3.2 1.2. J
5.1 C G 3.1 1.1 A
Activity 2: MATCH ME

The answer will depend on the student’s ability/skill /learning

Activity 3: ESSAY ME

VI. Reference

A. Books
Joven, Arnel. Philippine Politics and Governance: For Senior High School. C & E
Publishing Inc. 2017.

Pawilen, R.A. and Pawilen M. Reidan Philippine Politics and Governance First Edition,
Rex Book Store, Inc., Sampaloc, Manila 2017

Mendoza, Diana, and Melegrito, Ma. Lourdes. Politics Without Borders: Philippine
Politics and Governance. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2016.

Sadera, Jefferson, Asistio, Fevvie Von, Cayetano, Antonio, Dihayco-Garciano,

Marichu, Lazatin, Ferman, Pagaduan, Sammy Isidro, Rocina, Jose Aims. Politics &
Governance: For Senior High School. Jimczyville Publications, 2018.

B. Web Page
Somin, Ilya. “Why We Need Ideology.” reason.com accessed July 2, 2020,
https://reason.com/2018/11/02/why-we-need-ideology/.

Kelly, Melissa. “Mnemonic Devices for Students.” Thought.com accessed July 2, 2020,
https://www.thoughtco.com/mnemonic-devices-tools-7755.

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Theodore. “Memory Tricks – Mnemonics, Chunking, Acronyms, and More!”
praticalpie.com, accessed July 2, 2020, https://practicalpie.com/memory-tricks-
mnemonics-chunking-acronyms/.

Jahan, Sarwat, and Mahmud, Ahmed Saber. “What is Capitalism?” Imf.org, accessed
July 2, 2020, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2015/06/basics.htm.

“Portal:Conservatism.” wikipedia.org, last modified July 1, 2020,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Conservatism#:~:text=Conservatism%20is%20
a%20political%20and,context%20of%20culture%20and%20civilization.&text=Conser
vatives%20seek%20to%20preserve%20a,emphasizing%20social%20stability%20an
d%20continuity.

Image by McNaughton, Neil. “A2 Political Ideologies: Textbook.” goodreads.com,

accessed July 14, 2020, https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/21277491-a2-
political- ideologies.

Prepared by:

Rosaleo C. Grevialde
Gubat National High School
Schools Division of Sorsogon

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