Physical Education,

Exercise Science, and

Sport
 Colonial Period
(1607-1783)

European Colonist settle in the New World and found the

Native Americans and lead a very existence. The fertile
North American continent provided its inhabitants with
much free time for recreation and leisure. Colonist had
brought with them European games and sports such as
bowling, football, cricket, quoits, and cards.
 Native Americans

Engaged in multitude of physical activities like they sought

food, built shelters, and communicated with other tribes.
Young men need to complete a series of challenging physical
test to become warriors. Physical prowess, cunning,
coordination, skill, speed, and endurance were valued.
Various forms of physical activities like rituals, burial
services, fertility-based ceremonies, and medicinal rites. They
performed it to influences the religious forces they believed.
Native Americans festive celebrations engaged in as a form
of relaxation such as Sport, dance, and dramatic enactments.
The tribal has differences in culture and lifestyle and the
Native Americans influenced them through Physical Activity.
But when it comes to games and sports, they have
similarities. Men, women, and children can participate in
various sports and games, with some activities being
relegated to certain age groups or genders. While the
others can be enjoyed by both men and women or adults and
children. Tribes engaged in sports as a substitute for inter
village or intertribal warfare.
EUROPEAN CONTRIBUTORS-PHYSICAL EDUCATION
(1700s-1800s)
Johann Bernhard Basedow
GERMANY (1723-1790)

Naturalism guided his

development of physical
education curriculum. Including
the Dancing, fencing, riding,
running, jumping, wrestling,
swimming, skating, games,
gymnastic, and marching.
Johann Christoph Friedrich Guts Muths
GERMANY (1759-1839)

Naturalism influenced design of

program of outdoor gymnastics,
using exercises and apparatus;
wrote Gymnastics for the Young
and Games; founder of modern
physical education in Germany
 Friedrich Ludwig Jahn GERMANY
(1778-1852)

Nationalism motivated establishment of

Turnverein associations; program of
Gymnastics designed to build strong
and fit youth and men with thr goal of
reunification of Germany.
 Adolph Spiess GERMANY
(1810-1852)

Promoted gymnastics as part of the

school's curriculum, as important as other
school subjects for both boys and girls;
required trained teachers; program
emphasized discipline abd included variety
of activities-marching, free exercise ,
gymnastics to music.
 Per Henrik Ling SWEDEN
(1776-1839)

Gymnastics training program for military

using directed drills and exercise;
therapeutic gymnastics to restore health;
massage, emphasized the educational ans
aesthetic aspect of gymnastics; teacher
training.
 Franz Nachtegall DENMARK
(1777-1847)

Incorporated gymnastics into Danish

schools; gymnastics teacher training for
schools and for military.
 Archibald Maclaren GREAT BRITAIN
(1820-1884)

Emphasis on role of physical activity in

health; contribution of physical activity to
growth and development; organized
sports and games; outdoor activities.
 SOURCE:
https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/news-wires-
white-papers-and-books/1754-1783-sports-and-
recreation-overview?
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Physical Education, Exercise Science, and Sport
Eighteen Edition published by McGraw-Hill Education
2015