oKasaysayan 1 Long Exam Reviewer birth, and death records,

Module 1: An Introduction to History photos

 DEFINITION OF HISTORY
o history- both the past and the inquiry of the past with
human experience
o historia- inquiry; Ancient Greek
o historie- narrative, history; French
o geschichte- history, story; German
o kasaysayan- makabuluhang salaysay tungkol sa
nakaraan
o saysay- binibigyan diin ang pagiging makabuluhan
 HISTORICAL THINKING CONCEPTS
HISTORICAL THINKING DESCRIPTION
CONCEPT
Establish Historical Significant events include
Significance those that resulted in great
change over long periods of
time for large numbers of
people.
historical accounts are
reconstructions that contain
some degree of subjectivity
Use of Primary Source sources of information that
Evidence have been part of the case
being studied
direct observers of the
event that took place;
products of historical actors
examples:
artifacts, letters, public
documents such as maps,
Identify Change and
Continuity
Analyse Cause and Effect
Take Historical perspectives
Understand the ethical
dimension of historical
interpretations
evaluate change over time
using the ideas of progress
and decline
example:
Reduccion, sistemang
kolonyal noong 1565
(change)
Ang pagpapatuloy ng
kulturang Pilipino sa kabila
ng pananakop ng mga
banyaga (continuity)
Causes are multiple and
layered, involving both
long-term ideologies,
institutions, and conditions,
and short-term motivations,
actions and events
Taking historical perspective
means understanding the
social, cultural, intellectual,
and emotional settings that
shaped people’s lives and
actions in the past
calls for an understanding
between our ethical
standards and those of the
past societies.
However, objective history
does not treat brutalities

1|P ag e
 and injustices (inhuman Module 2: Geographical and Geological Foundations of
slave-owners, vehement the Philippines
Nazis, Marcos atrocities,  Geology – the study of the Earth, the materials of which
etc.) in a “neutral” manner. it is made, the structure of those materials, and the
 History is a living and evolving dialogue about the most processes acting upon them.
important subject of all – the human experience  myth – tales believed as true, usually sacred, set in the
(Salevouris and Furay, 2000) distant past or other worlds or parts of the world, and
 Bakit mahalaga ang Kasaysayan? with extra-human, inhuman, or heroic characters
1. Nagsisilbi siyang paraan upang maintindihan natin  Some places mentioned in the myths are real locations
ang ating sarili at maging ang pagkakakilanlan ng that exist today
ating bansa.  Some characters could be names of persons who
existed in the past.
2. Nagagamit natin ang kasaysayan upang  SCIENTIFIC THEORIES
maunawaan ang ating kasalukuyan.
i. Plate tectonics theory- states that the Philippine
3. Maaaring matulungan tayo ng kasaysayan na islands formed due to folding and faulting of the
maitama ang mga kamalian ng nakaraan. Earth’s crust
o Three Major Plates (where the Philippine junction
4. Sa pag-aaral ng kasaysayan, unti-unti nating lies):
naiintindihan ang damdamin at kaisipan ng mga tao - Philippine Sea and Pacific Plate- East
gayundin ang paggalaw ng mga institusyon. - Eurasian Plate- West
- Australian Plate- South; collides with the Indonesian
5. Nagkakaroon tayo ng mas bukas na pag-iisip tungkol plate (forming the Indian-Australian Plate)
sa mga tao at lipunan sa ating pag-aaral ng Period Characteristic
kasaysayan Tertiary Period Philippine Archipelago was
formed
6. Mahalagang panimulang basehan ang kasaysayan
ng iba’t ibang disiplina. 65 million years ago
Eocene Period Extreme volcanic and
7. Uri rin ng aliwan o libangan ang kasaysayan lalo na tectonic activities which
sa mga taong mahilig dito. formed long major islands
Oligocene-Miocene Period Seafloor spreading which
8. Ang pag-aaral ng kasaysayan ay nagdudulot ng continued until 6 MYA
pagbuo ng kritikal na kasanayan sa tao. o Types of Plate Interactions
2|P ag e
 - Divergent plate boundary- pull-apart
- Convergent plate boundary- collision
- Transform-fault plate boundary- slide past
o Philippine Fault Line- effect of convergent
(colliding) plate boundaries; 1300 km long
ii. Volcanic Origin Theory of the Philippines- asserted
the volcanic origin of the Philippines
- states that As sea-volcanoes erupted in remote
epochs, islands emerged above the waters,
thereby forming the archipelago
iii. Continental Drift Theory- argues that the Philippines
came from the breaking of a vast mass of land
(supercontinent Pangaea)
- smaller pieces of Pagaea constituted themselves
into islands and archipelagos, including the
Philippines
iv. Land-Bridges Theory- contends that the Philippines
was once connected to mainland Asia by means of
land bridges
- 25000 years ago- most of the ice melted; resulting
to a rise in sea level which melted the land brides
thus separating the Philippines from mainland Asia
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE PHILIPPINES
A. Location and Physical Configuration
 Philippines is situated in the Southeast Asia region.
 It bounded on the north by Taiwan, in the west by
the West Philippine Sea, in the east by the Pacific
Ocean, and in the south by the Celebes Sea
 It is included in the Pacific Ring of Fire
 it lies slightly above the equator.
 Nasa 4⁰ 23 Hilaga hanggang 21⁰ 25 Hilaga ng
Ekwador at 116⁰ Silangan hanggang 127⁰ Silangan
ng hati ng Meridian ito at nasa sonang tropical
 an archipelago consisting of 7,641 islands
3|P ag e
- explains the variety of cultures and languages
throughout the regions.
- archipelagic nature has resulted in a maritime
orientation of the inhabitants, making them expert
sailors, and famous boat-builders. –
- brought about the development of the fishing
industry in the country
 “terraqueous country”
 has several active and dormant volcanoes as well
as river systems.
B. National Territory and History
 Article I of the 1987 Constitution:
The national territory comprises the Philippine
archipelago, with all the islands and waters
embraced therein, and all other territories over
which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction,
consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial
domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the
subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine
areas. The waters around, between, and
connecting the islands of the archipelago,
regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form
part of the internal waters of the Philippines.
 INFLUENCES OF GEOGRAPHY ON THE HISTORY AND
CULTURE OF FILIPINOS
Occupational Impacts Farming and fishing are
main livelihood due to
archipelagic and
topographic features
Boat-building developed to
enable the Filipinos to travel
across the seas and to
navigate the rivers.

Filipinos became expert
sailors and navigators
Availability of local fibers
enabled early Filipinos to
engage in textile weaving
Pottery making- abundance
of clay
Sculpture carving-
abundance of wood
Cultural and Socio-political Variations in the physical
Impacts environment led to different
regional cultures –
language, clothing,
marriage and burial
practices, food, etc.
MODULE 3: PAGTATAO SA PILIPINAS
 Batay sa Tradisyong Oral: Epiko, Alamat, at Kuwentong
Bayan
 kuwentong bayan- mga salaysayin na ipinapasa
nang pasalita sa bawat henerasyon
- alamat, mito, kuwentong bayan at epiko (kasama
ng kundiman, bugtong, dalit, pabula at iba pa)
 tradisyong oral- sa pamamagitan nito masining na
naipapaliwanag ang iba’t ibang aspekto ng
pamumuhay, kaugalian at kasaysayan ng isang
pangkat ng tao.
 Pinapaliwanag ng ating sinaunang panitikan:
- ang kasaysayan ng ating kapaligiran
- pinagmulang ng pangalan ng mga bayan, ilog,
talon, at dagat
 proto-scientist- tawag sa mga ninuno natin
sapagkat ang kanilang paliwanag sa mga
kaganapan sa ating kapaligiran ay nakabatay sa
mga epiko, alamat at mito kaysa sa agham
 BATAY SA TRADISYUNG LINGGUWISTIKO
- kakayahan ang sinaunang taong bumuo ng mga
ideya at lapatan ito ng salita.
Paggamit ng salitang palay pag-aaral ni Henry Otley
Beyer na nagsasaad na
nabuo ang hagdan-
hagdang palayan at
organisadong anyo ng
pinagkukunan ng pagkain
Vocabulario de la Lengua
Tagala-nakatala dito na
kabuuang 713 salita, may
160 salita ang patungkol sa
bigas
Paglaganap ng wikang Austronesian- people of the
Austronesyano sa Timog- southern islands
Silangang Asya Austro= south
Nesis- island
Origin of Malayo-Polynesian
naglakbay ang mga
Austronesyano sa halos
ikatlong bahagi ng mundo
at nakapagpalaganap ng
daan-daang wika mula sa
proto-Austronesyanong

4|P ag e
 pinagmulan may 6,000 taon
na ang nakararaan
 BATAY SA ARKEOLOHIKAL AT IBA PANG SIYENTIPIKONG
PAG-AARALBATAY SA ARKEOLOHIKAL AT IBA PANG
SIYENTIPIKONG PAG-AARAL
Java Man(Homo Erectus) Naglalakad siya nang
nakaangat na ang ulo, may
makapal na bungo,
makapal na kilay, pauka at
mataas na noo,halos
pantay na mga ngipin lalo
na ang mga bagang na
papalaki mula labas
hanggang papaloob ng
bibig
Modjokerto, Java- where
the Java Man was
excavated
Peking Man (Homo Erectus) nabuhay mula 200,000
hanggang 300,000 taong
nakalilipas.
Nangangaso at
nangangalap ng pagkain
ang Home erectus. Batay sa
laki ng kapasidad ng
kanyang utak, sinasabi ng
mga siyentipikong may
kakayahang magsalita ang
Homo erectus
5|P ag e
 Pagdating ng Tao sa Pilipinas (Mga Luma at Bagong
Teorya ng Pagtatao)
Teorya Description
Ang Wave Migration Theory nagkatao ang Pilipinas sa
ni Henry Otley Beyer pamamagitan nang sunud-
sunod na pagdating ng
mga Aeta, Indones at
Malayo sa pamamagitan
ng mga sasakyang
pandagat
Ginamit niyang patunay
ang napakaraming
bangang sisidlan ng patay
(burial jar) na nahukay ng
mga arkeologist
Ang Nusantao ni Wilhelm Batay rin sa pag-aaral ni
Solheim Solheim sa mga nahukay na
bangang sisidlan ng patay
sa Pilipinas at sa Far East,
katawagan ng mga
kanluranin
nagpatuloy ang palipat-
lipat na paninirahan ng
mga tao sa Timog-
Silangang Asya hanggang
sa huling bahagi ng bago
dumating sa kasalukuyang
ika-21 daantaon
 Nusantao-naganap ang
paglalakbay ng mga taong Migration Theory” ni Peter
ito sa panahong 1,500 Bellwood
hanggang 500 BK.
Inilarawan niya rin itong
Malayo-Polynesian
Movement
nagaganap nang pag-
aasawa labas sa
nakagisnang tribo sa
panahong ito.
Formative Filipino Period-
Inilarawan ni Solheim sa
panahong ito, mabilis na
umunlad ang paggamit ng
bakal. Dala ang kaalaman
sa bakal at teknolohiya ng
mga mandaragat at
mangangalakal na
Nusantao sa Pilipinas.
Incipent Period
(inilarawan ni Felipe
Jocano)
pumasok ang malawakang
paggamit ng bakal sa
Pilipinas sa panahong 500
BK hanggang 10 Daantaon
MK. Nagbunga ito sa isang
“dramatikong pagbabago”
sa buhay ng mga Pilipino
6|P ag e
Ang “Austronesian sinabi niyang nagsimula
ang mga unang tao sa
Pilipinas mula sa sa Taiwan,
naglakbay paibaba sa
timog na bahagi ng China,
tumawid sa hilagang
bahagi ng Pilipinas at
nagpalipat-lipat na sa
Indonesia, Malaysia at mga
bansa sa Timog-Siangang
Asya.
Naganap ito sa panahong
Neolotiko kung saan
nagtatanim nan g
makakain ang mga unang
tao sa Pilipinas.
Proto-Austronesyan
Ang tinawag ni Zeus Salazar
sa mga sinaunang taong
naglakbay at nagpalipat-
lipat sa mga isla sa Timog-
Silangang Asya hanggang
sa Madagascar, Africa at
mga isla sa Pasipiko;
pagmumulan ng lahi ng
mga tao sa mga pook na
nilakbay at tinirhan ng mga
Austronesyano
Pagtatao sa Pilipinas natuklasan ng mga  Boxer Codex Ethnic groups:
kaugnay ng DNA sampling siyentipikong nagmula sa o Cagayanes
ng Kankanaey sa Lapita at lahing Kankanaey ang o Negrillos (Negritos)
DNA sampling ng manok sa kalansay na nahukay sa o Zambales
Polynesia Lapita na kumakatawan sa o Bisayas
unang tao sa timog- o Naturales (Tagalog)
kanluran ng Pasipiko  Sangka- a form of decorative dentistry
o Visayan tooth filing practice
maaring naglakbay sa o filing and staining to modify their teeth and
pamamagitan ng distinguish themselves from wild animals
sasakyang pandagat o  Tatooing- a symbol of bravery and public self-esteem
balangay ang mga o Pintados
sinaunang Kankanaey at o Tigma – a youth’s first taste of war or sex
nakarating diretso sa Lapita o Tiklad – first conquest either in battle or love
kung saan sila nanahan  Skull moulding- local canons of beauty
o Tangad – a comblike set of thin rods bound to a
baby’s forehead by bandages
o Sipit – Bikolanos
MODULE 4: PRECOLONIAL COMMUNITIES  Tugbuk- penis pins; pins inserted in childhood
 Ilawod-Ilaya- flourished through trade and commerce  Circumcision
o Ilawod- by the sea/ by the river o Tuli – practiced as more of a supercision (cut
o Ilaya- by the mountain lengthwise above rather than around)
 Balangay- a boat drawn up on shore o Magislam - to perform the ceremony according to
 Barangay- smallest political unit of Tagalog society Muslim rites
o Meant the people not the place  Pierced ears- Both men and women wore earrings
o Highly centralized government o Men – one or two holes per lobe
o Dependence on boats o Women – three to four holes per lobe
o Communities are connected, not separated by  Hair- a woman’s pride; are lengthened up to ankles
water o A man to touch a woman’s hair is a great offense
 Datu, raja, gat, lakan- local chieftains  G-string and tube skirt- basic garments
 Sultan- Mindanao local chieftains  Pudong & turban- male headdress
 Physical appearance:  potlong or saplung- bandana or head cloth wore by
o Olivastri (olive-skinned/ tanned)- Pigafettan account men and women of Panay
o Mailum (dark-skinned)- Mentridan account

7|P ag e
THE UNSEEN WORLD
 diwata- referred to gods and goddesses
o Malay-Sanskrit term for gods or godhead
o Benevolent or neutral and could be approached
ritually for good crops, health, and fortune
 umalagad- referred to ancestor spirits
 malevolent beings- are avoided with precaution; range
from mischievous to ghoulish
 Deities
o Si Dapa- God of the Dead
o Pandaki- God of fate
o Magwayen- Goddess of the Sea
o Lalahon- Goddess of Fire and Harvest
o Bathala Mei-Capal – Tagalog principal god and
superior of all; means the creator god or maker
o Mayong- Albay
o Laon – Bisayan; denotes antiquity
THE SPIRIT UNDERWORLD
 Aswang- Spanish lexicons listed alok, balbal, kakag,
oko, onglo, and wakwak as synonyms of aswang
 Tiktik – one that flew around at night
 Tanggal – one that left the lower half of the body
behind
 Yawa - general term for demons which came to be
adopted for non-Christians
WORSHIP AND IDOLS
 Anito – a formal act of worship conducted by a
babaylan; an idol, ancestor spirit, or deity (Luzon)
 There were no temples, though there were little
platforms or sheds at the entrance to the village where
offerings were made.
DEATH, MOURNING AND THE AFTERLIFE
8|P ag e
 Mapuraw- a wake which lasted as long as the
bereaved family could supply food and drink for guests,
the widow or widower, together with first-degree kin,
were secluded behind tattered white hangings
 Pumaraw- a strict mourning interdict placed to the
community upon a datu’s death
 Saad or Sulad- land of the dead
 Boat- carries the soul to the Saad
 In the afterlife, married couples were reunited to
continue accustomed activities like farming, fishing,
raiding, spinning, and weaving
SOCIAL CLASSES
 Datu- meant both a political office and a social class
o both an incumbent ruler and all members of the
ruling class of either sex
o married within their rank to guard their lineage
o kept their daughters secluded as binokot princesses
o expected to govern his people to settle their
disputes, protect them from enemies, and lead
them in battle
 chiefdom- a loose federation of chiefs by loose ties of
personal allegiance to a senior among datus
o Philippine chiefdoms were usually located at river
mouths where they could facilitate the sort of
highland-lowland exchanges.
 Timawa- freemen (libres) or freedmen (libertos)
o originally the offspring or descendants of a datu’s
commoner wives or slave concubines
 oripun- legal slaves; they could be bought and sold
o Individual status within the oripun class depended
on birthright, inherited or acquired debt,
commuted penal sentence, or victimization by the
more powerful
 Mangayaw- celebrated from of Visayan sea raiding
 Lawaan- wood preferred by the Visayans for boat-
building
 Boroto- referred by the Spaniards to the canoa
 Laguna Copperplate Inscription (LCI)
o A legal document in 900 CE
o Written using the Old Kawi script
o Deciphered by Antoon Postma in 1992
o An evidence of the Indianization of the Philippines
through the Srivijaya empire
MODULE 5: REDUCCION AND SPANISH INSTRUMENTS
Factors that led to the DESCRIPTION
Spanish Colonization of the
Philippines
Economic motivations accumulation of capital
and the development of
banking in Europe;
mercantilism, and the
demand for spices
Political and religious The Crusades (wars fought
concerns: The Crusades and against the Moors to
the Reconquista “regain” or dominate the
Holy Land) stimulated
European interest in Eastern
culture o
The Reconquista spirit
motivated strongly Catholic
Iberian kingdoms to convert
pagans and race for global
dominance
Both heightened violence
and religious intolerance
against the Muslims o
9|P ag e
The Treaties of Tordesillas Division of non-Christian
(1494) and Zaragoza lands into two spheres:
lands east of the
demarcation line belonged
to Portugal and those west
of the line, to Spain
THE MEETING OF THE TWO WORLDS: THE ARRIVAL OF THE
EUROPEANS
 March 16, 1521- Magellan and his men reached
Limasawa (Southern tip of Leyte)
 April 7, 1521- Magellan and his men reached Cebu
 April 8, 1521-formal meeting between the Cebuanos
and Magellan
o Europeans wished to trade and that they had
come to discover the Spice Islands
 April 14, 1521- Rajah Humabon was baptized and
renamed “Don Carlos” in honour of the king of Spain
 Battle of Mactan- Magellan’s encounter with Lapu-
Lapu; where the Portuguese navigator was slain
 Loaysa, Saavedra, and Villalobos- succeeded
Magellan’s conquest
 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi’s Expedition- marked the
official rule of the Spanish in the Philippines (1565)
 “la longue duree” period of Philippine History-The
transition from interdependent barangays to a colony
with a capital and pueblos or towns
THE INSTITUTIONS OF EXPLOITATION AND CONTROL
 Encomienda system- source of abuse and corruption
because the encomendero was free to raise the
amount of tribute to be collected from the people
o Encomendar- to entrust or assign responsibility to
a person
 o remontados or tulisanes- natives who were not o Governor General Jose Basco- started the monopoly
able to pay tribute were forced to flee to the on a number of products, to make colonial economy
mountains sufficient
 The Imposition of Taxes - Basco’s policy added suffering for Filipinos because
o direct taxes - tribute and the tax income they were forced to plant much-prized cash export
o indirect taxes - bandala and the custom tax crops from which they did not have any direct
o fees that covered the not-so-common products benefit
like wine, tobacco, betel nut, firecrackers, and MODULE 6: FILIPINO RESPONSES TO SPANISH RULE
opium Taong labas Examples
o samboangan or donativo de Zamboanga- (refused to be part of the Indios independietes (igorot,
imposed to suppress Moro attacks Spanish colonial order) Tinguianes)
o vinta
o cedulas personal- mandatory identification card the Moros of Mindanao
during the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines
 Polo y Servicios- forced labour for 40 days imposed to Filipinos who persistently
native indios and mestizos (16-60 yrs. Old) fought against Spanish
o polista- labourers; made to work in the hegemony from the onset
construction of bridges, roads, churches and of colonization up to the
convents, boats, and other projects end of the 19th century
o payment of a falla- only way out of the polo; 1 ½
real every day for 40 days LABELS
o Outcomes of the Polo System: infieles, cimarrones,
- led to decline of communities because of the monteses, malhechores,
departure of men remontados, tulisanes
- Agricultural production suffered because nobody
was left to tend the farm Taong Loob taga-pueblo
- starvation and death, and the forced separation of
family members received “civilization” and
o principalia class- served as intermediaries for the “order” from the Spaniards
Spanish government
o Government Monopolies:
- Manila-Acapulco Trade
- Galleon de Manila or Nao de China

10 | P a g e
CONTESTATIONS UNDER
SPANISH COLONIALISM
The Initial Resistance and
Subsequent Subjugation of
Lowland Communities
The Opposition of the Moros
11 | P a g e
DESCRIPTION
areas that came under the
effective control of the
Spaniards were the centers
of population
outlying territories remained
relatively free of Spanish
control up to the middle
part of the 18th century
Setting:
Three sultanates were
already established in
Mindanao when the
Spaniards arrived in 1665
Manila was a thriving Muslim
commercial settlement
ruled by chiefs of Bornean
decent
RESPONSE OF THE MOROS:
Jihad- Holy War and
statement of unity of the
Sultanates of Sulu and
Maguindanao against
Spanish campaigns and
Christianized indios
The Moro Wars (1565-1663)
war described as “querras
piraticas” (Moro pirates)
 piracy as a veil to
“defend” Spanish-held
territories from Muslim
incursions
 war against the free
sultanate
THE MORO WAR
CAMPAIGNS OF THE
SPANISH IS A BRAINWASH
PROPAGANDA-
It was a war that made
use of thousands of
converted colonial
subjects, misinformed
indios, effective use of the
Church and churchmen
against people who
refused to be their subjects
Katchil Qudarat - leader of
the Iranun and
Maguindanao; an
important figure in the
resistance in Mindanao
from Western rule
moro-moro plays and the
rousing of a crusading spirit
among Christianized natives
The Successful Avoidance groups of people fled to the there were more Chinese
of Ethnic Communities upland areas to avoid than Spaniards in the
Spanish colonization. Others Philippines
followed later because of
Spanish exploitation and 1570- 40 Chinese in Manila
injustices. 1603- 25000 Chinese in
Manila

the “cultural minority” Spaniards considered the

referred to the latter Philippines as only a
because,the number of springboard to either
those who were put under conquer or Christianize
colonial control was greater China. But meanwhile,
than those who fled and Spanish prejudice against
remained free, the Chinese hardened.

led a life outside the control Limahong’s Chinese

of colonization Invasion- hardened Spanish
prejudice to the Chinese
Initial Colonial Problems DESCRIPTION The Moro Raids A Moro reaction against
The Chinese Context Spanish colonialism, who
increasing number of had displaced them from
Chinese arriving in Manila the political and economic
every year worried the dominance they once
Spaniards enjoyed

Chinese merchants had

already been trading with
the native islanders, even
before the Spanish

Chinese Influx The Dutch Wars Context:

12 | P a g e
 During the 80 Years War, the
Netherlands was in revolt
against Spain. They were
successful in ousting the
political and religious
hegemony (Catholicism
was replaced with
Protestantism) of Spain.
Battle of La Naval de Manila
In 1646, the Dutch Armada
failed to invade Manila
through a series of battles
against the Spanish-Filipino
fleet
The battle was part of the
80 Years War of the Dutch
against Spanish hegemony.
The British Occupation in Context:
Manila Part of the 7 Years War in
Europe, in which European
powers battle and crossfire
each other
1762 Battle of Manila
The Spanish were surprised
by incognito attack of the
British fleet in Manila.
The purpose of the
campaign is to establish
new colonies for the British
13 | P a g e
crown and new trading
outposts for the East India
Company
 Nineteenth Century Developments
o Opening of the Philippines to International Trade
o Textile Industry in Iloilo and Sugar Industry in Negros;
Nicholas Loney
o Rise of the Middle Class
o The Role of Education and Higher Institutions of
Learning
MODULE 7: BIRTH OF THE PHILIPPINE NATION
CONTRIBUTARY FACTORS IN DESCRIPTION
THE POLITICAL,, ECONOMIC
AND INTELLECTUAL
AWAKENING
Common Grievances and natives resisted excessive
Natives’ Responses impositions of forced labor
and taxes, confiscation of
properties, and the policy of
reduccíon
“Although the revolts were
unsuccessful, their almost
regular outbreak showed
that the Filipinos were
dissatisfied with Spanish
rule”- Teodoro Agoncillo
Progressive European Liberalism in Spain had
Ideologies significant repercussions in
her colonies, especially in
the Philippines
Opening of the Philippines
to International Commerce
and the Rise of the Media
Class
Secularization and
Filipinization
 EXECUTION OF GomBurZa
 Cavite Mutiny- brief uprising of 200 Filipino troops and
workers of Cavite arsenal which became the excuse
14 | P a g e
19th Century Economic
Developments
1815- Galleon Trade ended
Greater economic activity
brought about by its
opening to world trade
resulted in some prosperity
Opening of the Suez Canal
shortened the route
between the Philippines
and Europe
Royal Decree of 1774- saw
the contestations between
the secular priests vs. the
regular priests; secularization
of all parishes (transfer of
parochial administration
from regular friars to secular
priests)
Fr. Pedro Pelaez- fought for
the secularization of the
Filipino priests; the
“Godfather of the Philippine
Revolution”; teacher of Jose
Burgos
for Spanish repression of the embryonic Philippine
nationalist
- The GomBurZa (Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora,
Mariano Gomez) were seized and accused of
complicity with the mutineers
- The Propaganda Movement would be the heir of
the movement of the Filipino clergy
 Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo y Gutierrez- Reign of Terror
 SEEDS OF CHANGE: BUILDING THE PHILIPPINE NATION
 Propaganda Movement (1872-1892)
 Philippine Revolution (1892-1896)
 Filipino-American War (1899-1913)
 SEEDS OF CHANGE: THE EVOLUTION OF THE TERM
FILIPINO
 Creoles – Spaniards born in Filipinas; collectively called
as Insulares/Filipinos
 Manila Creole Revolt- led by Luís Rodríguez Valera
 Propaganda Movement- peaceful crusade or
campaign for reforms
- Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Graciano
Lopez Jaena are the leaders of the said movement
- Latin – “For the Evangelization of Peoples”
- a campaign of information
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar- viewed the Philippines as a
province of Spain
- secularization of parishes
- freedom of speech
- Philippine representation in the Cortes
 Rizal’s break with del Pilar- basic disagreements with - The grievances of each class converged to form
the methods used by del Pilar one common protest. Conditions were ripe for
Thinking like Simoun I believe it is too late; the revolution.
Filipinos have already lost  Padre Florentino:
the hopes they placed in “ when our people is unprepared, when it enters the
Spain! Now we await our fight through fraud and force, without a clear
fate from God and understanding of what it is doing, the wisest attempts
ourselves but never again will fail, and better that they do fail, since why commit
from any government the wife to the husband if he does not sufficiently love
Thinking like Padre We desire the happiness of her, if he is not ready to die for her?”
Florentino the Philippines but we want  The Philippine Revolution failed:
to obtain it by noble and - because its leaders were badly led
just means for reason is on - because its leader won its position by reprehensible
our side and we should not than meritorious acts
therefore do anything evil - made useful people useless through jealousy
 Decline of the Propaganda Movement MODULE 8: THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
- Rizal was convinced that the struggle for reform (Read Chapters X-XI of Reynato Constantino’s Philippine A
could no longer be conducted effectively from Past Revisited) kapoy na ez me char
overseas.
- Led to the establishment of La Liga Filipina Prepared and Compiled by: J, Amisola Trio
 Aims of La Liga Filipina:
- Unification of the whole archipelago into a
compact, vigorous, and homogenous body
- Mutual protection in every exigency and necessity
- Defense against all violence and injustice 4.
- Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and
commerce
- Study and application of reforms

 Transition of Reformists to Revolutionary Tactics

- Cuerpos de los Compromisarios
- Katipunan (July 7, 1892)

15 | P a g e