Sentree7 TBT

SenTREE 7 Technology Based
Training
Reference: SenTREE 7 TBT
Version: 1.0
Release Date: 22-Nov-2002
EDMS UID: 274751042
Produced: 26-Sep-2003 15:45:35
Owner: SophiaPublish-SRC-Documentation
Author: Rick Reeves
Private SenTREE 7, SenTREE 7 TBT, S7 TBT
Copyright © 2003 Schlumberger, Unpublished Work. All rights reserved.

SenTREE 7 Technology Based
Training
Reference: SenTREE 7 TBT
Version: 1.0
Release Date: 22-Nov-2002
EDMS UID: 274751042
Published: 26-Sep-2003 15:45:35
Owner: SophiaPublish-SRC-Documentation
Author: Rick Reeves
Private SenTREE 7, SenTREE 7 TBT, S7 TBT
Copyright © 2003 Sophia, Unpublished Work. All rights reserved.

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used, distributed, translated or retransmitted in any form or by any means,

electronic or mechanical, in whole or in part, without the express written
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to identify the products and services described herein are either trademarks,
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iii / Table of Contents iii
Table of Contents
1 SenTREE 7 On-line Training Objectives

1.1 Objectives __________________________________________________ 1- 1
2 Training Overview
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2.1 Pretest _____________________________________________________ 2- 1
3 Introduction
3.1 Overview of Subsea Operations ______________________________ 3- 1
3.2 Introduction to Subsea Completions __________________________ 3- 4
3.3 Introduction to the SenTREE 7 _______________________________ 3- 8
3.4 Comparison to the SenTREE 3 ______________________________ 3-10
3.5 Exercise ____________________________________________________ 3-10
4 SenTREE 7 Components
4.1 SenTREE 7 Components ____________________________________ 4- 1
5 Landing String Components

5.1 Tubing Hanger Running Tool (THRT) _________________________ 5- 1
5.2 Handling Joint, Tubing, Crossovers, and Additional Landing String
Components ________________________________________________ 5- 2
5.3 Lubricator Valve ____________________________________________ 5- 3
5.4 Flowhead ___________________________________________________ 5- 5
5.5 Landing String Components exercise _________________________ 5- 6
6 Control of the SenTREE 7

6.1 Basic SenTREE 7 Operating Procedures _____________________ 6- 5
6.2 Job Preparation and Execution _______________________________ 6- 8
6.3 Control exercise ____________________________________________ 6-14
7 Assessment (Posttest)
7.1 Posttest ____________________________________________________ 7- 1
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1 SenTREE 7 On-line Training Objectives

1.1 Objectives ____________________________________________________ 1- 1
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1 SENTREE 7 ON-LINE TRAINING OBJECTIVES
1.1 Objectives
• State the primary purpose of the SenTREE 7
• Describe the different types of offshore rigs and identify the ones which
would use subsea safety valves
• Define each ram in a subsurface BOP and order them in a proper sequence
• State the purpose of the subsurface BOPs
• Identify the differences between a vertical and horizontal tree
• Describe the functions and features of all the components of the SenTREE 7
Test Tree System
• Describe the functions of the components in the landing string
• Describe the functions of the Tubing Hanger and Tubing Hanger Running Tool
• Describe the basic concept of the control system functions
• Describe the basic procedure to run a Subsea completion operation
• Identify key points in handling Subsea equipment
• Describe the function of the equipment used to space out the SenTREE 7
in the BOPs
• Describe the purpose of a SIT.
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2 Training Overview
2.1 Pretest ________________________________________________________ 2- 1
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2 TRAINING OVERVIEW Training Overview, SenTREE 7
This training session is designed to familiarize you with the overall concept of
the subsea test tree and the function of individual tools within the system. This
section contains a pretest to determine the necessity and value of this training.
Even if you have not been exposed to the information, take the pretest. To
benefit fully from this training, go through each section from beginning to end.
The various sections contain thumbnails of graphics, also you will find links
to animations to aid your understanding of the equipment and its functions.
Generally, by clicking on the thumbnail, a larger graphic will appear. When you
complete all sections, take the posttest. A score of 80% or higher is required to
pass this course.
2.1 Pretest
Click to take the Pretest
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3-i / Introduction 3-i
3 Introduction
3.1 Overview of Subsea Operations _______________________________ 3- 1
3.2 Introduction to Subsea Completions __________________________ 3- 4
3.3 Introduction to the SenTREE 7 ________________________________ 3- 8
3.4 Comparison to the SenTREE 3 ________________________________ 3-10
3.5 Exercise _______________________________________________________ 3-10
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3-1 / Introduction 3-1
3 INTRODUCTION Overview, Subs ea Operations
3.1 Overview of Subsea Operations

This course introduces the purpose and applications of the SenTREE 7 well
control tool. To understand the use and purpose of the SenTREE 7, one must
understand the equipment used in subsea drilling and completion operations.
Offshore drilling and completion operations in shallow waters are normally

conducted from fixed structures, such as jack-ups and platform rigs. In waters
deeper than 350 to 450 feet, these operations are conducted from floating
vessels, such as semi-submersible rigs or drill ships. The primary difference
between a fixed drilling structure and a floating one is the motion of the vessel. On
fixed rigs, such as jack-ups and swamp barges, all rig components are stationary;
while on floating rigs, all equipment on the vessel is in constant motion relative to
the datum point (i.e. the seabed). This is a critical issue on floating vessels when
there is pipe in the hole. While drilling, the rig’s motion compensator allows bit
weight to remain constant on bottom. Subsea completions are typically deployed
from semi-submersible vessels. In shallow-water applications, they would
be deployed from anchored vessels. As water depth increases, dynamically
positioned (DP) vessels can also be used to deploy completions.
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. Rig types
/ Introduction

3-2
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. Drill ship – the Discoverer Enterprise
Floating vessels remain over the well in one of two ways: they either anchor in
place or use a dynamic positioning system.
On floating vessels, the system of subsea pressure control equipment typically

used in drilling operations, known as a blowout preventer (BOP) stack, also plays
a key part in well control during subsea completion installations. The BOPs
typically have the following arrangement:
• One or two annular preventers at the top of the stack

• One or two blind or shear rams
• Two or three pipe rams to close on drill pipe or the test string
• A means to circulate fluid (choke and kill lines)
The riser is the conduit between the floating vessel and the BOP on the seabed.
The key functions of the riser are:
• Contain kill weight or completion fluid

• Provide full bore access to completion (typically 18-3/4 in. ID)
• Provide means of disconnect between dynamic vessel and wellhead at
BOP/LMRP interface
• Provide a means of motion compensation between moving vessel and fixed
BOP on seabed by means of:
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– Dynamic telescopic joint (vertical motion)

– Upper and lower ball joints (lateral motion)
• Contain the diverter manifold, for controlling riser fluids at surface
A hydraulic connector called the Emergency Disconnect Package (EDP) is part

of the Lower Marine Riser Package (LMRP). The EDP allows the LMRP to be
connected to and disconnected from the BOPs. The BOPs and the EDP are
controlled hydraulically from the surface through hoses running in bundles down
the outside of the riser.
Click on the icon below to see a close-up view of a subsea BOP. Operate each
type of ram by clicking the label next to it.
Multimedia 3-1: Subsea BOP

NOTE: Multimedia is currently available only in HTML publications.
3.2 Introduction to Subsea Completions

A subsea completion is one where the major completion string is suspended
from a hanger at the mud line (seabed). A subsea completion tree provides
well control.
The subsea completion tree comes in two basic types:
• Vertical Christmas Tree (VXT)

• Horizontal Christmas Tree (HXT)
In VXT completions, the completion is run and suspended in the wellhead from
the completion hanger. The Christmas tree is located on top of the hanger, and
provides well control through valves located in the vertical access bore.
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Figure 3-1: Vertical Christmas Tree (VXT)
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Figure 3-2: Vertical Christmas Tree (VXT)
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In HXT completions, the Christmas tree is located on the wellhead and the
completion is suspended from the completion hanger inside the HXT. There are
no vertical access in line valves. Well control is provided by the installation of
crown plugs in the tubing hanger. Production flow is horizontally diverted through
an access window located in the hanger directly below the crown plug.
Figure 3-3: Horizontal Christmas Tree (HXT)
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Figure 3-4: Horizontal Christmas Tree (HXT)
3.3 Introduction to the SenTREE 7

As there are no in-line valves in the vertical bore of the HXT, a temporary means
of well control is required for the following:
• Completion installation
• Completion cleanup
• Completion intervention
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The SenTREE 7, in combination with the BOP, provides well control for the above
situations. The ST7 also provides:
• Hydraulic conduit to the completion

• Hydraulic conduit to the Tubing Hanger Running Tool (THRT)
• A means of completion deployment via the THRT
The SenTREE 7 is designed to work with a Tubing Hanger Running Tool (THRT)
and Tubing Hanger for completion and intervention work with Horizontal Subsea
Trees. The SenTREE 7 provides a fail-safe valve system and latch to shut in a
subsea well and allow quick disconnection from a floating drilling vessel. The
large bore (7-3/8 in.) is needed to set and retrieve tubing hanger plugs and tree
cap plugs used with Horizontal Trees.
The SenTREE 7 is designed in modules to maximize its flexibility, to adapt to a

variety of BOPs, and to allow for future adaptations. The SenTREE 7 consists of:
• Pack-Off Sub (S7PO—includes a spacer sub which must be custom-ordered

per job)
• Bleed-Off Module (BOV)
• Retainer Valve (S7RV)
• Helical Latch (S7HL)
• Latch Mandrel (S7LM–not standard, must be custom-ordered per job)
• Flapper Valve (S7FV)
• Ball Valve (S7BV).
A Lubricator Valve (S7LV) is an optional piece of equipment installed a nominal

distance below the rotary. The Ported Slick Joint (S7PSJ) is also custom-ordered
per job, and can be placed between the Ball Valve and Flapper Valve or Ball
Valve and THRT, depending on space-out..
Multimedia 3-2: SenTREE 7 system overview

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3.4 Comparison to the SenTREE 3

The SenTREE 3 is a safety valve system used for testing subsea wells. The
SenTREE 3 test tree system is installed in the test string, so that it sits within the
BOP stack and can shut in the well during testing operations if required. This
allows a floating rig to safely and quickly disconnect from the BOP stack during
critical times, such as rough weather, icebergs, dragging, or loss of an anchor or
failure of the dynamic positioning system.
The SenTREE 7 is not just a large-bore SenTREE 3. The SenTREE 7 is

designed primarily for completion operations, whereas the SenTREE 3 is
designed solely for DST operations.
Multimedia 3-3: SenTREE 3 and SenTREE 7 comparison

3.5 Exercise
Click to take the introduction exercise
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4-i / SenTREE 7 Components 4-i
4 SenTREE 7 Components
4.1 SenTREE 7 Components ______________________________________ 4- 1
4.1.1 Ball Valve __________________________________________________ 4- 1
4.1.1.1 Description ______________________________________________ 4- 1
4.1.1.2 Theory of Operation _____________________________________ 4- 2
4.1.2 Exercise ____________________________________________________ 4- 3
4.1.3 Flapper Valve _______________________________________________ 4- 3
4.1.3.1 Description ______________________________________________ 4- 3
4.1.4 Flapper Valve Exercise ______________________________________ 4- 6
4.1.5 Latch _______________________________________________________ 4- 7
4.1.5.1 Description ______________________________________________ 4- 7
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4.1.6 Latch Exercise ______________________________________________ 4- 9

4.1.7 Latch Mandrel ______________________________________________ 4- 9
4.1.7.1 Description ______________________________________________ 4- 9
4.1.7.2 Theory of Operation _____________________________________ 4-10
4.1.8 Latch Mandrel exercise ______________________________________ 4-10
4.1.9 Retainer Valve ______________________________________________ 4-11
4.1.9.1 Description ______________________________________________ 4-11
4.1.10 Retainer Valve exercise _____________________________________ 4-12
4.1.11 BOV Module ________________________________________________ 4-12
4.1.11.1 Description ______________________________________________ 4-12
4.1.12 BOV Module exercise _______________________________________ 4-13
4.1.13 Pack-Off Assembly __________________________________________ 4-14
4.1.13.1 Description ______________________________________________ 4-14
4.1.14 Pack-Off Assembly exercise _________________________________ 4-15
4.1.15 Ported Slick Joint (PSJ) _____________________________________ 4-15
4.1.15.1 Description ______________________________________________ 4-15
4.1.16 Ported Slick Joint exercise ___________________________________ 4-15
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4-1 / SenTREE 7 Components 4-1
4 SENTREE 7 COMPONENTS SenTREE 7, components,
4.1 SenTREE 7 Components
4.1.1 Ball Valve
4.1.1.1 Description
The Ball Valve (S7BV) is the lower of the two valves which shut in the well
and allow for a disconnection, and as such is the primary barrier to wellbore
pressure. The Ball Valve can hold 10,000 psi from below or above the ball, and is
a "pump through from above" valve. To achieve a pressure test from above with
the pump-through feature, the close control line pressure must be greater than
or equal to the pressure test from above the ball. The ability to test above the
ball makes it possible to pressure-test the latch prior to opening the well after a
relatch. All other pressure tests of the landing string should be conducted using
the Retainer Valve, which typically has no pump-through feature. Using the
Retainer Valve also reduces wear on the Ball Valve, the primary well control valve
in the SenTREE 7 System. The S7BV is capable of cutting 2-in. coiled tubing
(CT) if necessary. The S7BV is fail-safe closed and has a 1.0 in.2 positive bias
(internal bore to open control line) to assist closure as internal bore pressure
increases.
Although the valve can be opened with more than a 1000-psi pressure differential
across the Ball Valve in emergencies, this is not a recommended practice.
Keeping the differential pressure across the ball below 500 psi greatly reduces
the risk of damaging the ball valve seal.
Multimedia 4-1: Ball Valve components

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4.1.1.2 Theory of Operation

When opening the Ball Valve, control line pressure acts at the top of the
ball operator to move the operator downwards and compress the two wave
springs. The hydraulic pressure applied on the 28 in.2 area of the ball operator
overcomes the 10,850 lb uncompressed spring force and the opposing internal
bore pressure. The downward motion of the ball operator is transferred onto the
operator pins, which, like trunnions, act along the slots in the ball to rotate it 90
from a closed to a fully open position. The downward motion of the ball operator
is complete when the bottom of the ball operator shoulders out on the top of the
spring compression sleeve. The ball can be kept open by applying a minimum
pressure of 2400 psi to the open control line, overcoming the compressed spring
force of 36,000 lb.
When the Ball Valve is fail-safe closing by venting open line pressure, the two
wave springs have an initial compressed force of 36,000 lb. This force, plus the
1.0 in.2 difference of the bias area exposed to internal bore pressure, is enough
to overcome the friction forces caused by the seals in the Ball Valve when the
control lines are vented. The upward motion of the ball operator rotates the
ball back 90 to a fully closed position. The upward stroke is completed when
the ball operator shoulders out on the top of its chamber in the housing. We
do recommend that you apply normal operating pressure to assist in closing
the Ball Valve.
When assisting the closure of the Ball Valve for cutting coiled tubing (CT) or
electric line (EL), apply 5000 to 10,000 psi to the close line to increase the cutting
capability of the Ball Valve. The hydraulic pressure applied on the 27 in.2 area
increases the closing force by increasing the force of the ball operator’s upward
movement. Lab tests show the tool capable of cutting 2-in. (0.156-in. wall) CT.
In severe cutting operations, there is no guarantee of maintaining seal integrity
across the ball. Laboratory tests demonstrate seal integrity after cutting 1.75-in.
(0.13-in. wall) CT.
Multimedia 4-2: Ball Valve Operation and Forces

When opening the ball valve using the pump-through feature, pressure is applied
in the internal bore of the string onto the top of the Ball Valve. The pressure is
applied to the 26 in.2 area created by the seals on the outside diameter (OD)
of the seal retainer stop (pump-through) and the seals on the internal bore of
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the housing which seal on the ball operator. The pressure enters this area
through two ports at the top of the seal retainer stop. For the ball to open, the
pump-through pressure times the pump-through area (26 in.2) must be greater
than the uncompressed spring force of 10,850 lb, the friction created by the seals
and the internal bore pressure below. To calculate pump-through pressure, use
the following equation (assume friction pressure equals 400 psi):
Pump-Through Pressure = 400 psi + (10,850 lbf + Below-Ball Pressure x 27

in.2) / 26 in.2
The force acts down on the ball operator, causing the ball to open. Due to the
pump-through feature, if the Ball Valve is used for pressure testing above the
valve, then the pressure in the close control line to hold the Ball Valve closed
must be greater than the test pressure in the bore above the ball and any
backpressure in the open hydraulic control line. The close control line pressure
needed to keep the ball closed can be calculated using the following formula:
Close Control Line Pressure (psi) > (Internal Bore Test Pressure + Applied Open
Control Line Backpressure)
Note: Applied Open Control Line Backpressure is required in deepwater

operations to prevent umbilical collapse.
Multimedia 4-3: Ball Valve pump-through

4.1.2 Exercise
Click to take the Ball Valve exercise
4.1.3 Flapper Valve
4.1.3.1 Description
The Flapper Valve (S7FV) is the upper valve of the dual valve system, and
therefore is the secondary pressure barrier that allows for positive well control. A
Flapper Valve has the positive characteristic of self-actuating in a flow stream,
and complements a Ball Valve for dual barrier with independent failure modes.
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The Flapper is a fail-safe closed valve with pump-through capability. The

actuating mechanism will not open a Flapper Valve with higher pressure below
the flapper, even if 5000 psi is applied to the open control line. The mechanism
is designed not to fail or be damaged if such a situation inadvertently occurs.
Effort should be made to open the Flapper Valve with equal or greater pressure
above the flapper.
A chemical injection port is available just below the Flapper Valve.
Multimedia 4-4: Flapper Valve components


The Flapper Valve opens when open control line pressure is applied. This causes
the operator pistons to move the operator plate upward, which opens the Flapper
via the actuator rod. The Flapper Valve closes when the operator plate moves
down. The Flapper Valve will not open with differential force across the flapper
gate. The Flapper mechanism will not be damaged if an attempt is made to open
when differential pressure exists and 5000 psi is applied to the open control line.
There are a number of different forces acting on the operator plate. There are a
total of six springs acting against the operator plate, generating an uncompressed
force of 275 lb when the flapper is closed and a compressed force of 435 lb when
the flapper is open. There are also three different sets of pistons (two pistons
per set) which exert forces on the operator plate and are themselves affected by
open and closed control line pressure as well as internal bore pressure. There
are also two alignment bolts opposite the actuator rod that pass through the
operator plate and are attached to the lower cage. Their purpose is to keep the
operator plate form articulating and becoming stuck.
Multimedia 4-5: Flapper Valve forces

These are the three different sets of pistons and the areas exposed to open,
close, and internal bore pressure:
• Set A – 2 Push and Pull pistons
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– Total of 2 x 0.405 = 0.810 in.2 area exposed to Open Control Pressure

– Total of 2 x 0.601 = 1.202 in.2 area exposed to Close Control Pressure
– Total of 2 x 0.196 = 0.392 in.2 area exposed to Internal Bore Pressure
• Set B – 2 Push pistons

– Total of 2 x 0.785 = 1.570 in.2 area exposed to Close Control Pressure
• Set C – 2 Push pistons

When the Flapper Valve is opening, control line pressure acts from the bottom
of the flapper assembly, applying pressure to the six pistons and moving them
up. Only two of the pistons (Set A), with a combined area of 0.392 in.2, create
the upward force on the operator plate. The combined area of these two pistons
generates the force required to overcome the tubing pressure affecting all six
pistons and the force of the six springs. In the process, the operator plate moves
the flapper actuator upwards, which in turn moves the pad eye upwards. The
upward movement of the pad eye causes the spring-loaded flapper to pivot 90
around the flapper pin, from a closed to a fully open position. The upward motion
of the flapper actuator is complete when the operator plate shoulders out on
the bottom of the lower cage.
When the Flapper Valve is fail-safe closing, the six springs have an initial
compressed force of 435 lb. This force, plus piston force, acts to move the
operator plate down. The operator plate pulls the actuator rod down, moving the
pad eye back through the slot in the flapper gate. The flapper gate travels 90
around the pin and seats on the seal at the bottom of the seal assembly. The six
pistons affect the operator plate based on whether the internal bore pressure is
greater or less than the hydrostatic pressure in the hydraulic control lines. The
fail safe force (assuming that control lines are damaged and vented) on the
operator plate can be calculated using these formulas:
When internal bore pressure is higher than the hydrostatic pressure in control
lines:
Force Fail-Safe = 435 lb Total Spring Force + 0.098 in2 x (Internal Bore Pressure
– Control Line Hydrostatic Pressure)
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In this case, where the internal bore pressure is greater than the hydrostatic
control line pressure, Piston Set C is being pushed down by internal bore
pressure. Piston Sets A and B are being pushed up by internal bore pressure.
The total downward force created by the pistons is calculated by subtracting
Set A from Set C:
Set C – Set A = 0.098 in2
Piston Set B does not come into play because it is not attached to the operator
plate.
For internal bore pressure less than hydrostatic pressure in control lines:
Force Fail-Safe = 435 lb Total Spring Force + 0.784 in2 x (Control Line Hydrostatic
Pressure – Internal Bore Pressure)
In this case, where the internal bore pressure is less than hydrostatic control line
pressure, Piston Set C is being pushed up by internal bore pressure. Piston
Sets A and B are being sucked down by the vacuum created by internal bore
pressure. The total downward force created by the pistons is calculated by
adding Sets A and B:
Set A + Set B = 0.784 in2
Piston Set C does not come into play because it is moving up and affects nothing.
When assisting the closure of the Flapper Valve, it is necessary to apply pressure
to the close control line. The pressure enters the cavities above the six flapper
pistons and applies an additional downward axial force that is transferred through
the pistons onto the operator plate.
Multimedia 4-6: Flapper Valve operation

4.1.4 Flapper Valve Exercise

Click to take the Flapper Valve exercise
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4.1.5 Latch
4.1.5.1 Description
The Helical Latch (S7HL) enables the SenTREE 7 to latch and unlatch with
200,000 lb of tension and is fail-as-is. The Helix configuration allows the Helical
Latch to self-align during reconnection. In the event that the Latch is unable to
self-orient (typically in deepwater applications), shear pins in the Helix will shear
and allow self-alignment. If the Helix itself shears, it may be necessary to rotate
the landing string up to a maximum of 90 to enable the latch mandrel keys to
align within the flapper.
Multimedia 4-7: Helical Latch

The Helix Cone and the Latch Body, with all the hydraulic and electrical
connectors, are shear-pinned to the piston stop, which is shear-pinned to the
Latch Mandrel. This allows the Latch Body assembly to rotate and self-align
the stabs without rotating the landing string during a re-latch. To drive torque
through the connection, torque keys are engaged by rotating the landing string
up to 90 in either direction.
There are only two unlatch methods: direct control by means of the control
system, and secondary function by means of the shear pins in the Bleed-Off
Valve (BOV).
There are no means of mechanical or rotational unlatch in normal service.
Hydraulic fluid is conducted past the Latch Mandrel by means of hydraulic hoses
that are connected from the bottom of the Retainer Valve to the top of the Latch
Body.
An electrical kit is available for placing a switch in the latch operator to indicate
when the Latch is latched.
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Multimedia 4-8: Helical Latch operation


The Helix Cone guides the Latch down over the body of the Flapper Valve
and provides initial lineup of the hydraulic couplers. The four Latch Mandrel
antirotation keyways, placed 90 apart, are located inside the flapper housing
mating keys (1.75 in.). The two fine-alignment pins on top of the Flapper Housing
then engage to allow full alignment of the hydraulic couplers prior to full latch
engagement, whereupon the latch ring will be positioned across the latch ring
profile in the flapper housing. Latch pressure can then be applied, extending the
latch ring into the latch profile and locking the tool in place. Since the tool is
fail-as-is, the tool remains latched upon a loss of control line pressure.
There are two shear pins, one on each side of the piston stop, holding the latch
body in place. If the orientation is not correct and the Helix is unable to self-orient,
these pins can be sheared by applying 1800 lb of torque. When the pins are
sheared, the Latch Body is able to rotate, which allows the Helix Cone to rotate.
The helical profile moves along the helical shoulder on the Flapper Housing until
it lands in the slot. The Latch housing rotates at the same time as the Helical
Cone, and once the cone falls into the slot, the hydraulic stabs between the
Flapper Housing and the Latch Body align and connect. After shearing, the
torque keys on the bottom of the Latch Mandrel may move out of alignment,
requiring rotation of the landing string up to a maximum of 90 to reengage,
whereupon alignment of the couplers is assisted by the two fine-alignment pins
in the top of the Flapper Valve housing.
When latching the Helical Latch to the Flapper Valve, control line pressure acts
on top of the piston to move it downward and expand the lock ring out into the
profile in the internal bore of the Flapper Housing. Once latched, due to the
design of the flat mating surface between the piston and the lock ring as well as
the balanced areas of the piston, no upward force is applied to the piston unless
open control line pressure is applied (see Multimedia 4-7 and Multimedia 4-8).
The Latch will remain latched with no applied control line pressure due to the flat
mating surfaces and the balanced areas of the piston. The differential pressure
necessary to operate the Latch is low (typically 200 psi). Therefore, for safety,
always maintain 2000 to 5000 psi of applied pressure in the close control line
when under tension.
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Multimedia 4-9: Forces on the Helical Latch Piston

Antirotation pins pass through the lower part of the piston into slots in the Latch
Mandrel, preventing the piston from rotating. The piston may rotate with the
housing as the Helix Cone aligns with the Flapper Housing, or in a retrieval
situation when the Post-Shear Retrieval Tool is being used to back off the piston
cap and allow the piston to move up to release the latch. These also provide a
stop, and allow removal of the remainder of the latch assembly during post-shear
operations.
The hydraulic connection between the Helical Latch and the Flapper Valve is
made using hydraulic couplers. The SenTREE control line functions for the Ball
and Flapper Valves have special vented male couplers. These vented male
couplers allow the open and close control lines to vent pressure in the lines
down to hydrostatic pressure when unlatched. This guarantees that the Ball and
Flapper Valves will fail-safe close. These vented couplers can also be used
on third party functions as required.
4.1.6 Latch Exercise

Click to take the Latch exercise
4.1.7 Latch Mandrel
4.1.7.1 Description
The Latch Mandrel attaches to the bottom of the Retainer Valve via the Spacer
Adapter, and is used as the mandrel for the Helical Latch. It is placed across the
BOP shear rams for the purpose of emergency shearing disconnect. Detailed,
job-specific information is required to engineer the Latch Mandrel to project
specifications, including:
• BOP shear ram capability

• Maximum working pressure (may be reduced to assist shearing capability)
• Length due to BOP space-out
• ID (can be lowered from 7-3/8 in. to assist shear capability, limited by
minimum drift)
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• Material specification (can change to reflect shear capability and produced

fluid)
• OD (based on required shear capability and tensile requirement)
• Minimum tensile requirement combined with maximum test pressure
Multimedia 4-10: Latch Mandrel overview


In an emergency where you have failed to disconnect using the control system,
and the emergency backup in the Bleed-Off Module has also failed, it is possible
to use the BOP shear rams to shear the Latch Mandrel and enable recovery of
the landing string, leaving the SenTREE 7 lower assembly in place to provide
active well control. Hydraulic hoses are also sheared in this operation, venting
control line pressure and fail-safe closing the Ball and Flapper Valves. This is a
last-resort emergency measure. After this operation has been performed, the
Post-Shear Retrieval Tool must be used to unlatch the Helical Latch assembly
and pull it out of the hole. The Latch Mandrel is a job-specific item, and must be
matched with a BOP stack that is capable of shearing the sub in an emergency.
The information required for designing Latch Mandrel specifications should
come from the client.
Multimedia 4-11: Shearing the Latch Mandrel

4.1.8 Latch Mandrel exercise

Click to take the Latch Mandrel exercise
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4.1.9 Retainer Valve
4.1.9.1 Description
The Retainer Valve (S7RV) prevents the release of hydrocarbons into the riser in
the event of disconnection during a live well operation. Typically, the Retainer
Valve is configured as a fail-safe close valve. In some applications—in shallow
water, for example, the Retainer Valve may be converted to a fail-as-is valve,
with or without pump-through capability. This combines the functionality of the
Lubricator and Retainer Valves.
The standard Retainer Valve can hold 10,000 psi from below or above the ball,
and is not a pump-through valve. The Retainer Valve is identical to the Ball Valve,
with one exception: the Seal Retainer Stop does not have the pump-through
feature. Switching to the Ball Valve Seal Retainer Stop converts the Retainer
Valve to a pump-through valve. Removing the wave spring makes the Retainer
Valve a fail-as-is valve.
Multimedia 4-12: Retainer Valve components


The Retainer Valve is the same as the Ball Valve, and has the same
specifications, except for the following: The Seal Retainer Stop does not have the
pump-through feature in the standard Retainer Valve. The Seal Retainer Stop
has no drilled-through ports. Simply switching to the Ball Valve Seal Retainer
Stop makes the Retainer Valve a pump-through valve. The injection feature
available on the Ball Valve is not available on the Retainer Valve; the injection
line is used by the Bleed-Off Valve to release the trapped pressure between the
Retainer Valve and the Flapper Valve.
Multimedia 4-13: Retainer Valve operation

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4.1.10 Retainer Valve exercise

Click to take the Retainer Valve exercise
4.1.11 BOV Module
4.1.11.1 Description
When a Retainer Valve is run with the SenTREE 7, a Bleed-Off Valve (BOV) is
run within a BOV Module on top of the Retainer Valve to bleed the trapped bore
pressure between the Flapper Valve and the Retainer Valve, allowing hydrostatic
equalization across the latch seals. The BOV should also be opened during a
relatching operation, to prevent squeeze pressure from building to significant
levels. The BOV cartridge is essentially the same valve used on the SenTREE 3.
The BOV Module also houses two shear pin valves that enable the application
of annular pressure to assist the Ball Valve closure and unlatching functions in
emergencies when the control umbilical has been damaged.
Multimedia 4-14: Bleed-Off Valve (BOV) and Shear Pin Valve (SPV)

When opening the bleed-off cartridge in the Bleed-Off Valve, the control line
pressure acts from below to shift the cartridge and open the vent in the Bleed-Off
Valve to port 1 in the closed Retainer Valve. Port 1 is connected to the internal
bore of the Retainer Valve, and allows the pressure trapped between the Retainer
Valve and the closed Flapper Valve or Ball Valve to be vented to the riser.
The Bleed-Off Valve is fail-safe closed. As a safety feature, the closure of the
BOV is assisted by pressure from the Retainer Valve open control line due to
the porting in the Bleed-Off Module. This keeps the BOV closed any time the
Retainer Valve is open.
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Multimedia 4-15: Bleed-Off Valve operation

The BOV sub has two shear pin valves that allow annulus pressure to be
employed when closing the ball valve and releasing the Helical Latch in the event
of loss of umbilical control. The valves are designed so that the relative hydraulic
port (control line) pressure travels through the valve during normal operations.
When hydraulic pressure control is lost in the control lines, the annular ram can
be closed around the Pack-Off Sub above the BOV and the pipe rams closed
on the PSJ below the Ball Valve. Then pressure can be applied independently
of the SenTREE 7 control system via BOP choke and kill lines to the annulus
between the pipe rams and annular ram. This pressure will rupture the shear
pins at preset values.
Once the pin is sheared, the valve shifts, closing off the hydraulic line above the
BOV. Annulus pressure is transferred down the applicable port. “Pin SPV2” is set
at 1300 psi; when sheared, it directs annulus pressure through the close control
line for the Ball Valve (port 8) to assist in closing the Ball Valve in case wireline
or CT needs to be cut. “Pin SPV1” is set at 3300 psi; when sheared, it directs
annulus pressure through the unlatch control line for the Helical Latch (port
2) to unlatch the tool.
The preset shear pin values identified above correspond to the required surface
applied pressure. The secondary function shear pin valves incorporate a
hydrostatically balanced reference port that exits above the annular ram to the
riser.
Multimedia 4-16: Bleed-Off Valve Schematic

4.1.12 BOV Module exercise

Click to take the BOV Module exercise
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4.1.13 Pack-Off Assembly
The Pack-Off Assembly—consisting of a spacer sub, an upper ported body
(which provides the annular sealing area), and a bulkhead—is situated across
the BOP annular rams. Closing the annular ram enables the SenTREE 7
secondary functions as described in the BOV section of the manual. It can
also provide hydrocarbon containment during an unlatch operation, where
fluids trapped between the Retainer and Flapper Valves are vented to the riser
(typically in deepwater operations).
Multimedia 4-17: Pack-Off Assembly components


As part of the SenTREE 7 assembly, the termination of the umbilical is situated
at the upper end of the Pack-Off Sub, known as the bulkhead. This is also
where the SenTREE 7 assembly is connected to the landing string tubulars. The
SenTREE 7 connection is a 10-1/8 SA zero torque, keyed connection. Landing
string torque is transmitted by an antirotation key to a maximum of 40,000 ft-lbf.
The Pack-Off Sub is also spaced out within the annular rams by engineering a
specific length for the Pack-Off Spacer Sub, across which are external hydraulic
lines and a protective shroud. The length of the Spacer Sub also determines the
length of the hydraulic lines and shroud. As such, these are customer-specific
items.
Multimedia 4-18: Pack-Off Assembly operation

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4.1.14 Pack-Off Assembly exercise

Click to take the Pack-Off Assembly exercise
4.1.15 Ported Slick Joint (PSJ)
The Ported Slick Joint provides an interface between the SenTREE 7 and a
third-party THRT. In addition, it is internally ported and provides a slick external
sealing surface for the closure of appropriate pipe rams.

The PSJ is a project-specific item engineered to meet space-out, mechanical
interface, and hydraulic conduit requirements. The lower section is typically
engineered to fit the third-party THRT, and the upper section fits the bottom of
the Ball Valve. In certain applications, dictated by tool assembly and space-out in
the BOP, the PSJ could be located between the Ball and Flapper Valves, and a
special interface joint engineered to interface with the third-party THRT. Internal
hydraulic porting is required for the functionality of the THRT, and where required
for additional client requirements such as control of completion components.
The pipe rams close below the SenTREE 7 latch to provide completion annulus
control and, where appropriate, third-party THRT secondary unlatch function.
The size of the required BOP ram dictates the PSJ OD, typically 9-5/8 in.or
7-5/8 in.
Multimedia 4-19: Ported Slick Joint (PSJ)

4.1.16 Ported Slick Joint exercise

Click to take the Ported Slick Joint exercise
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5-i / Landing String Components 5-i
5 Landing String Components

5.1 Tubing Hanger Running Tool (THRT) __________________________ 5- 1
5.1.1 Description _________________________________________________ 5- 1
5.1.2 Theory of Operation _________________________________________ 5- 1
5.2 Handling Joint, Tubing, Crossovers, and Additional Landing String
Components __________________________________________________ 5- 2
5.3 Lubricator Valve _______________________________________________ 5- 3
5.3.1 Description _________________________________________________ 5- 3
5.4 Flowhead _____________________________________________________ 5- 5

5.4.1 Description _________________________________________________ 5- 5
5.5 Landing String Components exercise _________________________ 5- 6
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5-1 / Landing String Components 5-1
5 LANDING STRING COMPONENTS SenTREE 7, TBT, Landing String,
5.1 Tubing Hanger Running Tool (THRT)

5.1.1 Description
The THRT is specific to the manufacturer of the third-party HXT. The general
purpose of the THRT is to latch on to the Tubing Hanger and lock it into the HXT
during completion deployment. The THRT is the mechanical interface between
the SenTREE 7 and the completion.
The basic functions of the THRT are:
• Tubing hanger lock

• Tubing hanger unlock
• THRT latch
• THRT unlatch
• Tubing hanger lock verify
• Tubing hanger latch verify
5.1.2 Theory of Operation

After making up the Tubing Hanger to the completion, the THRT (as part of the
SenTREE 7 assembly) is latched into the Tubing Hanger for the purpose of
deployment into the subsea HXT. Once the completion has been run and the
Tubing Hanger landed into the HXT, the THRT operates the hanger lock. After
well operations are completed, the landing string and SenTREE 7 assembly can
be recovered to the surface by unlatching the THRT from the Tubing Hanger.
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Figure 5-1: Tubing Hanger Running Tool (THRT)
5.2 Handling Joint, Tubing, Crossovers, and

Additional Landing String Components
The Handling Joint is essential for suspending the SenTREE 7 beneath the
rotary table while making up the landing string on the rig floor. It is typically a
10-ft pup joint supplied by the client, and remains on the assembly.
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The landing string tubing typically uses premium connections. It also provides
a means of containing hydrocarbons to surface. Crossovers have to be
manufactured from premium connection back to SenTREE 7 components. A
typical list of crossovers is:
• Surface Flowhead: premium thread pin to 10-1/8 Acme pin

• Lubricator Valve (upper): premium thread box to 10-1/8 SA pin
• Lubricator Valve (lower): premium thread pin to 10-1/8 SA pin
• SenTREE 7 Assembly: premium thread box to 10-1/8 SA pin
Concentric centralizers, sized to match landing string tubulars with a typical OD

of 18 inches, are used to protect the umbilical within the riser.
Umbilical clamps are used to secure the umbilical to the landing string. There
are two types of umbilical clamps:
• Cross coupling
• Mid joint
5.3 Lubricator Valve
5.3.1 Description
The Lubricator Valve is a surface-operated hydraulic valve, run approximately 100
feet below the Flowhead during completion operations. It enables the top of the
landing string to be used as a lubricator for the introduction of any tools requiring
a surface lubricator (e.g. tools pumped into the well or conveyed by wireline, slick
line, or coiled tubing), and it reduces the amount of surface equipment required.
The Lubricator Valve is connected by a separate two-line or three-line hose

bundle to a surface operating console. The third line may be used for the injection
of a hydrate inhibitor, such as glycol or methanol, just below the valve. The
Lubricator Valve is a pump-through valve and can be pressure-tested from above
(with hydraulic pressure maintained in the closure line), or from below. The S7LV
is capable of cutting 2-in. CT if necessary. The S7LV is a fail-as-is valve.
Multimedia 5-1: Lubricator Valve components

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The Lubricator Valve is a fail-as-is valve. This valve requires applied hydraulic
pressure to function, either open or closed. The Lubricator Valve operator piston
has a 1.0 in.2 bias area to assist maintaining closure of the ball when exposed
to wellbore pressure.
The Lubricator Valve is usually run with an eccentric centralizer mandrel,

positioned directly above the valve assembly to provide SenTREE 7 umbilical

protection. The eccentric centralizer is typically offset by a maximum of 2
inches to allow passage of the SenTREE 7 umbilical down the side of the Valve
assembly. A cover plate also provides protection for the lubricator control lines.
The centralizer must be positioned such that the Lubricator line cover plate lines
up with the umbilical.
When opening the Lubricator Valve, control line pressure acts at the bottom of
the operator and the operator stop ring to move them up. The hydraulic pressure
applied to the 25 in.2 area overcomes the seal friction between the mandrels
and across the ball. The downward motion of the operator is transferred onto
the operator pins, which, like trunnions, act along the slots in the ball to rotate it
90 , from a closed to a fully open position. The downward motion of the operator
is complete when the top of the operator stop ring shoulders out on the top of
the housing.
When closing the Lubricator Valve, control line pressure acts at the top of the
operator and the operator stop ring to move them down. The hydraulic pressure
applied to the 26 in.2 area overcomes the seal friction between the mandrels.
The ball travels back 90 to the fully closed position when the operator stop
ring shoulders out on the lower section of the mandrel. The S7LV is capable of
cutting 2-in. CT if necessary.
When opening the Lubricator Valve using the pump-through feature, pressure is
applied in the internal bore of the string onto the top of the ball. The pressure is
applied to the 26 in.2 area created by the seals on the outside of the mandrel
and the seals on the inside of the operator stop ring. The pressure travels from
the internal bore to this area through two ports at the top of the mandrel. For
the ball to open, the pump-through pressure times the pump-through area of
26 in.2 must be greater than the friction created by the seals and internal bore
pressure below the ball. The force moves the operator stop ring down, moving
the operator and causing the ball to open.
Due to the pump-through feature, if the Lubricator Valve is used for

pressure-testing above the valve, then close line pressure must be applied
to keep the valve closed. The pressure in the close control line to hold the
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Lubricator Valve closed must be greater than the test pressure in the bore above
the ball and any back-pressure in the open line. The close control line pressure
needed to keep the ball closed can be calculated using this formula:
Close Control Line (psi) > (Internal Bore Test Pressure + Applied Open Control
Line Back-Pressure)
Multimedia 5-2: Lubricator Valve Operation

5.4 Flowhead
5.4.1 Description
The SenTREE 7 WOM 7-3/8 in.Surface Flowhead is a typical Welltest Flowhead
design except that all valves are hydraulically actuated.

The master valve, located directly below the swivel, is a fail-as-is, 7
3/8-in.balanced gate valve. Hydraulic power opens and closes the valve.
The swab valve located in the vertical wellbore above the swivel is a fail-as-is
7-3/8 in. unbalanced gate valve. If the valve is closed with hydraulics vented
to atmosphere, wellbore pressure acting on the stem will shift the valve to the
open position.
The production wing valves are:
• Fail-as-is
• hydraulically actuated
• 5-1/8 in.
Multimedia 5-3: Flowhead

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5.5 Landing String Components exercise

Click to take the Landing String Components exercise
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6-i / Control of the SenTREE 7 6-i
6 Control of the SenTREE 7

6.1 Basic SenTREE 7 Operating Procedures ______________________ 6- 5
6.1.1 Shutting In and Unlatching (Live Well Conditions): _____________ 6- 5
6.1.2 Re-Latching and Opening Valves ____________________________ 6- 6
6.1.3 Cutting Pipe and Fishing ____________________________________ 6- 8
6.2 Job Preparation and Execution ________________________________ 6- 8
6.2.1 Tool Selection ______________________________________________ 6- 8
6.2.2 System Integration and Testing (SIT) _________________________ 6-10
6.2.3 Tool Handling _______________________________________________ 6-11
6.2.4 Job Execution ______________________________________________ 6-12

6.3 Control exercise _______________________________________________ 6-14
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6-1 / Control of the SenTREE 7 6-1
6 CONTROL OF THE SENTREE 7 SenTREE 7, C ontrol of the SenTREE 7
The hydraulic circuit supporting the separate functions of the SenTREE 7 tools
and client functions has evolved into an intricate system. There are presently two
different types of systems to control the SenTREE 7:
• A Direct Hydraulic Control System which uses a multicore umbilical with up to

20 hydraulic lines and a surface control console
• A Deep Water Control System (DWCS), which is a Multiplex Electrohydraulic
system used for deep water and fast response time
The details of these control systems are not discussed here.
The first ten ports are used to control the SenTREE 7 valves and supply chemical
injection. The remaining ten ports can be used for client-specific needs (Tubing
Hanger, Tubing Hanger Running Tool, etcetera). It is important for the operator to
appreciate that, even though the separate operations described in the section
below happen independently, when pressurizing a control line, the operator must
be aware of all changes made in the system i.e. the system must be regarded
as a whole.
The control line functions are:
• Pressurize line P0 (rated 5000 psi) to:
– Open the Bleed-Off Valve
– Unlatch the SenTREE 7 latch assembly
– Engage and hydraulically lock the Latch Assembly
– Open the Retainer Valve

– Assist closure of the Bleed-Off Valve
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– Open the Ball Valve
– Open the Flapper Valve
• Pressurize line P7 (rated 10,000 psi) to:
– Assist closure of the Retainer Valve

• Pressurize line P8 (rated 10,000 psi) to:
– Assist closure of the Ball Valve
– Assist closure of the Flapper Valve
• Lines 11 to 20 (rated 10,000 psi)
– Feed-through lines for THRT or SCSSV
• Line 10 (rated 10,000 psi)
Chemical Injection – When a chemical injection hose is designated and run, the
SenTREE 7 allows for the injection of chemicals (for example hydrate or corrosion
inhibitors) either above or below the Ball Valve. The choice is made with the hose
connection at the Latch Mandrel. Injection below the Ball Valve is recommended.
The operational pressures listed above are maximum differential pressures.

Applied surface pressure from a control panel must take the control fluid
hydrostatic pressure into accont..
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Figure 6-1: SenTREE 7 Sample Hydraulic Control Panel Schematic &

Functional Diagrams (A) diagram, schematic, control panel
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Figure 6-2: SenTREE 7 Sample Hydraulic Control Panel Schematic &

Functional Diagram (B) Sample Hydraulic Control Panel Schematic, functional diagram, diagram
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Figure 6-3: Flowhead & Lubricator Valve Sample Hydraulic Control Panel
Schematic & Functional Diagrams Sample Hydraulic Control Panel Schematic, func tional diagram, diagram
Figure 6-4: Flowhead & Lubricator Valve Sample Hydraulic Control Panel
Schematic & Functional Diagrams
6.1 Basic SenTREE 7 Operating Procedures
6.1.1 Shutting In and Unlatching (Live Well Conditions):

Sequential closing of the tree (assuming all valves open):
• Avoid shutting in the well using the SenTREE 7 for reasons other than
preparation to unlatch. Use the Flowhead and Lubricator Valve or Retainer
Valve to shut in the well for repairs to surface production equipment.
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• Retrieve any wireline or coiled tubing that is in the hole.

• Bleed off pressure in P5 (BV Open) and pressurize P8 (BV Assist Close).
The Ball Valve will close.
• Bleed off pressure in P6 (FV Open) and pressurize P9 (FV Assist Close).
The Flapper Valve will close.
• Bleed off pressure in P4 (RV Open & BOV Assist Close Line) and pressurize
P7 (RV Assist Close). The Retainer Valve will close.
• Slack off weight on the elevators to avoid unlatching under tension.
• Pressure up P0 (BOV Open Line). The Bleed-Off Valve in the BOV sub will
open and bleed off the trapped tubing pressure between the closed Flapper
Valve and Retainer Valve.
• Pressure up P2 (Unlatch Line) and vent P3 (Latch Line). This will move the
piston up and allow the lock ring to spring closed, unlatching the Helical Latch.
• Pick up the landing string to unlatch. Observe its weight for positive
indications of unlatch. Try to synchronize the pick-up with the rig movement.
Note the orientation of the Helical Latch—this will be helpful in the re-latching
operation. When pulling out on a deep-water drilling vessel, keep from
rotating the landing string. Once the latch is out, call the drill ship control
operator for the heading of the vessel; note the position of the latch relative to
the vessel and its heading for proper realignment.
• Pull the string out of the hole a sufficient distance to lift the Helical Latch
above the BOP stack. Close the shear rams above the flapper and ball
valve assembly.
Multimedia 6-1: Disconnection (Shut-In and Unlatch)

6.1.2 Re-Latching and Opening Valves

• Check for pressure below the shear rams, then open them.
• Prior to commencing re-latch procedures, vent P4 (RV Open & BOV Assist
Close Line) and pressure up P7(RV Assist Close) to close the Retainer Valve
and pressure-test the landing string.
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• When approaching close to the BOP stack, decrease the running speed.
Stop above the flex joint before continuing into the BOP stack. If there is an
off-vertical angle between the BOP stack and the riser when re-latching is
attempted, the riser may hang up in the BOP recesses/cavities.
• Every effort should be made to align the helix before contacting the Flapper
housing. When working on a drilling vessel, it is necessary to know the
orientation of the helix relative to the vessel and its heading when unlatched.
• Continue to run in slowly until weight on elevators drops off. If the orientation
is not correct, set weight down slowly. As torque is applied, a force of 1800
pounds will shear a pin. The Helix /Latch Body assembly with all the hydraulic
stabs will self-orient but remain unengaged. Torque keys will provide a
1.75-in. standoff from full engagement. Rotating the landing string up to 90
downhole may be required to drop into the torque keys.
• Pressure up the injection line P10 (Injection). When the hydraulic stabs are
made, the injection pressure should drop to the pressure below the valve,
giving a positive surface indication the latch is landed.
• Only after P10 (Injection) is confirmed to be communicating with the well,
vent P2 (Unlatch) and pressurize P3 (Latch) to Latch. Pull on the landing
string to confirm Latch condition.
• If the pressure below the Retainer Valve is unknown and the Ball Valve and/or
Flapper Valve is still closed, the BOV can be opened. This will vent pressure
between the Retainer Valve and the closed Flapper Valve (or Ball Valve) to
Riser hydrostatic pressure. To Open the BOV, first vent P7 (RV Assist Close).
The Retainer Valve will remain closed and the assist closing pressure on the
BOV will be removed. Then pressurize P0 (BOV Open) to open the BOV.
• If the fluid density is the same in both the landing string and riser, simply
bleed off surface pressure before applying pressure to P4 (RV Open & BOV
Assist Close) to open the Retainer Valve. The BOV will close when pressure
is applied to P4 (RV Open & BOV Assist Close), if the pressure applied to P4
is greater than P0. This is a good time to ensure that the BOV is closed by
also venting P0 (BOV Open).
• The best method for opening the Flapper Valve is always to vent P9 (FV
Assist Close) and apply the minimum opening pressure to P6 (FV Open).
The Flapper will not open if the pressure is higher below the flapper gate.
The lower opening control line pressure reduces the stress on the flapper
actuating mechanism, and will still open the flapper when the differential
across the flapper is zero. The flapper mechanism is designed and tested to
accept 5000 psi “OPEN” control line pressure with the Flapper Valve held
closed by differential pressure, without damage to the mechanism. There
is little to no danger of damaging the flapper seal when attempting to open
the flapper with differential pressure.
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• It is always best to know the pressure below the Ball Valve. The Ball Valve
can be opened when the differential is below 500 psi. If other options are
unavailable, apply pressure above the ball until the valve pumps open.
Knowing the pressure below the ball is greatly preferred, as the pump-through
pressure will be 900 to 1100 psi greater than the below-ball pressure, which
exceeds the 500 psi differential pressure across the ball valve seal when
the ball valve opens.
• The delta P across the Ball Valve should be less than 500 psi before applying
pressure to P5 (BV Open) and venting P8 (BV Assist Close) to open the
Ball Valve.
• Once the Ball Valve is open, increase the Flapper minimum opening pressure
to the recommended pressure to ensure that the flapper remains open during
any flow periods.
Multimedia 6-2: Re-Latching

6.1.3 Cutting Pipe and Fishing
Multimedia 6-3: Cutting and Fishing

6.2 Job Preparation and Execution

This section describes the typical sequence of events from tool selection and
preparation to project execution.
6.2.1 Tool Selection

The SenTREE 7 assembly will be configured to meet the specific project
requirements. The following information is essential to achieve this:
• BOP Ram configuration

• HXT, hanger, and THRT space-out
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• BOP to HXT space-out

• PSJ mechanical interface to THRT
• PSJ space-out
• Latch Mandrel space-out
• Pack-Off Sub space-out
• Minimum drift requirement (typically isolation sleeve)
• Maximum operating temperature and pressure
• BOP shearing capability

• Well fluid compatibility
• Maximum tensile loading
• Tool porting requirements (third party hydraulic/electric functions)
• Control system requirements
There are two key areas essential to correctly space out the SenTREE 7: the first
is the relationship between the HXT and BOP, and the second is the relationship
between the hanger datum and BOP ram configuration. The hanger datum
determines the stick-up of the THRT inside the BOP. The SenTREE 7 space-out
commences from the top of the THRT.
The first consideration is the Ported Slick Joint (PSJ), located between the THRT
and the Ball Valve. The length of the PSJ is determined by the location of the
selected BOP pipe ram.
The second consideration is the Latch Mandrel, located between the Latch and
the Retainer Valve. Its length is determined by the location of the BOP shear
rams.
The third consideration is the Pack-Off Spacer Sub, located between the BOV and
the handling pup. The length is determined by the location of the BOP annulars.
Multimedia 6-4: Tool Selection and Space-Out

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6.2.2 System Integration and Testing (SIT)

The purpose of SIT is to ensure a correct interface between ST7 components
and the third-party supplied THRT and HXT. SIT is conducted after the ST7
components have been assembled, tested, and flushed in accordance with
SLB/project requirements. A typical sequence of events in SIT includes:
• Test the mechanical interface between the PSJ and the THRT
• Measure the drift of the tool assembly

• Integrate the control systems
• Test the hydraulic function of the THRT through SenTREE 7 conduit
• Latch the tubing hanger to the THRT
• Land and lock the tubing hanger into the HXT
• Pressure-test the assembly
After completing SIT, the tool assembly is ready for offshore operations.
Figure 6-5: Hydraulic power unit and reeler
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Figure 6-6: System Integration and Testing
6.2.3 Tool Handling

The SenTREE 7 assembly is typically around 45 feet long, weighing 8 tons. The
Flowhead assembly, when assembled to a landing joint, is typically 60 feet long
and 12 tons. Both of these assemblies require extreme caution and forward
planning to handle safely offshore. Specialized lifting gear must be used, not only
for safety, but also for correct manipulation of these assemblies.
The SenTREE 7 assembly is handled by a specially designed three-point sling

and bridle assembly to ensure proper load transfer during the transition from
the horizontal position to the vertical.
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Multimedia 6-5: Tool Handling

The handling of the 7-3/8 in. Flowhead is similar to the 3-in. Flowhead. However,
special care is required due to its size and weight. Some of the issues are:
• Access through the V-door (may require lifting over wind wall)
• Available dedicated deck space

• Size and position of the mousehole, relative to the diameter of the landing joint
• Weather conditions
• Rotation of the Flowhead block inside dolly tracks
6.2.4 Job Execution

After the drilling phase, where Horizontal Christmas Trees are used for
production, the well is either completed immediately or suspended prior to
completion. If the well is suspended, it is killed and left secure.
Multimedia 6-6: Well Suspension After Drilling

When the operator is ready to install the completion, the HXT and drilling BOP
are first installed on the subsea wellhead. Then the safety barrier plugs are
retrieved, along with the suspension string.
Multimedia 6-7: Installation of HXT

If required, lower completion components such as gravel packs and perf packs
would be installed at this stage. After this has been done, the production string is
run in the hole, followed by the upper completion, with the tubing hanger made
up and sitting in the rotary.
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The SenTREE 7 assembly, complete with THRT, is picked up and latched into
the tubing hanger. Install the landing string on top of the SenTREE 7 assembly.
Pick up and install lubricator valve as required. Pick up SENTREE 7 Flowhead
assembly, complete with landing joint, make up to landing string and landout
hanger inside HXT.
The completion is now installed, with the SENTREE 7 spaced out across the
drilling BOP in preparation for well flow operations. The ST7 provides primary
well safety control during live well flowing operations, and also provides a means
for unlatching the landing string.
Upon completion of well flow operations, the Tubing Hanger Crown Plug is run
on slick line and installed in the tubing hanger, providing a permanent primary
vertical access wellbore barrier. After installing and testing the Crown Plug, the
ST7 assembly, complete with THRT, is unlatched from the hanger and recovered
back to the surface.
The second wellbore barrier, called the internal tree cap, is then run and locked
into the HXT directly above the hanger. This can be run with the SenTREE
7/THRT or on drill pipe, depending on client requirements. After installing and
testing the internal tree cap, the ST7/THRT assembly or drill pipe is unlatched
and recovered to the surface. The well is now ready to produce.
The following animation shows a typical well intervention process. Whenever the
animation pauses (or seems to hang up), hit play to continue.
Multimedia 6-8: Well Intervention and Completion

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Figure 6-7: Well Intervention sequence poster
Note
A generic well site Offshore Handling and Testing Philosophy document can be
seen as an InTouch related content
6.3 Control exercise

Click to take the SenTREE 7 Control exercise
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7-i / Assessment (Posttest) 7-i
7 Assessment (Posttest)
7.1 Posttest _______________________________________________________ 7- 1
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/ Assessment (Posttest)
Intentionally Blank

7-ii
7-1 / Assessment (Posttest) 7-1
7 ASSESSMENT (POSTTEST) Post-Test, as ses sment
7.1 Posttest
Click to take the Posttest.
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SenTREE 7 Technology Based

Private SenTREE 7, SenTREE 7 TBT, S7 TBT

Copyright © 2003 Schlumberger, Unpublished Work. All rights reserved.

Private SenTREE 7, SenTREE 7 TBT, S7 TBT

Copyright © 2003 Sophia, Unpublished Work. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2003 Schlumberger, Unpublished Work. All rights reserved.

used, distributed, translated or retransmitted in any form or by any means,

Trademarks & service marks

"Schlumberger", the Schlumberger logotype, and other words or symbols used

A complete list of Schlumberger marks may be viewed at the Schlumberger

1 SenTREE 7 On-line Training Objectives

2.1 Pretest _____________________________________________________ 2- 1

5 Landing String Components

6 Control of the SenTREE 7

Copyright © 2003 Schlumberger, Unpublished Work. All rights reserved.

1 SenTREE 7 On-line Training Objectives

1 SENTREE 7 ON-LINE TRAINING OBJECTIVES

Copyright © 2003 Schlumberger, Unpublished Work. All rights reserved.

2 TRAINING OVERVIEW Training Overview, SenTREE 7

Copyright © 2003 Schlumberger, Unpublished Work. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2003 Schlumberger, Unpublished Work. All rights reserved.

3 INTRODUCTION Overview, Subs ea Operations

3.1 Overview of Subsea Operations

Offshore drilling and completion operations in shallow waters are normally

Copyright © 2003 Schlumberger, Unpublished Work. All rights reserved.

. Drill ship – the Discoverer Enterprise

On floating vessels, the system of subsea pressure control equipment typically

• One or two annular preventers at the top of the stack

• Contain kill weight or completion fluid

– Dynamic telescopic joint (vertical motion)

• Contain the diverter manifold, for controlling riser fluids at surface

A hydraulic connector called the Emergency Disconnect Package (EDP) is part

Multimedia 3-1: Subsea BOP

3.2 Introduction to Subsea Completions

The subsea completion tree comes in two basic types:

• Vertical Christmas Tree (VXT)

Figure 3-1: Vertical Christmas Tree (VXT)

Figure 3-2: Vertical Christmas Tree (VXT)

Figure 3-3: Horizontal Christmas Tree (HXT)

Figure 3-4: Horizontal Christmas Tree (HXT)

3.3 Introduction to the SenTREE 7

• Hydraulic conduit to the completion

The SenTREE 7 is designed in modules to maximize its flexibility, to adapt to a

• Pack-Off Sub (S7PO—includes a spacer sub which must be custom-ordered

A Lubricator Valve (S7LV) is an optional piece of equipment installed a nominal

Multimedia 3-2: SenTREE 7 system overview

3.4 Comparison to the SenTREE 3

The SenTREE 7 is not just a large-bore SenTREE 3. The SenTREE 7 is

Multimedia 3-3: SenTREE 3 and SenTREE 7 comparison

4.1.6 Latch Exercise ______________________________________________ 4- 9

4 SENTREE 7 COMPONENTS SenTREE 7, components,

4.1 SenTREE 7 Components

4.1.1 Ball Valve

Multimedia 4-1: Ball Valve components

4.1.1.2 Theory of Operation

Multimedia 4-2: Ball Valve Operation and Forces

Pump-Through Pressure = 400 psi + (10,850 lbf + Below-Ball Pressure x 27

Note: Applied Open Control Line Backpressure is required in deepwater

Multimedia 4-3: Ball Valve pump-through

4.1.3 Flapper Valve

The Flapper is a fail-safe closed valve with pump-through capability. The

A chemical injection port is available just below the Flapper Valve.

Multimedia 4-4: Flapper Valve components