11

Week
Discipline and Ideas in the
Social Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Marxism

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 4
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Lovely Joy H. Alil

Taj Ngilay
Jonalenee C. Rosales
Jonalyn D. Schlenk
Editors: Junrey Villa
Reviewers: Luzviminda R. Loreno
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Jonalyn D. Schlenk
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V – Schools Division Superintendent
Mario M. Bermudez, CESO VI – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Juliet F. Lastimosa, CID Chief
Sally A. Palomo, EPS - LRMS
Gregorio O. Ruales, EPS – ADM Coordinator
Luzviminda R. Loreno, EPS – SHS Coordinator
Lito Adanza – EPS – Araling Panlipunan

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – General Santos City

Office Address: Tiongson St., Lagao, General Santos City

Telefax: (083) 552-8909
E-mail Address: depedgensan@deped.gov.ph
 11

Discipline and Ideas

in the Social Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 4
Marxism
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences

Grade 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Marxism!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
SELF-LEARNING MODULE
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

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Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.
 As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences

Grade 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Marxism!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

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the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

This section
What is It DIVISION OF GENERAL provides
SANTOS a brief discussion of
CITY
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
 What’s More This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities

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included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
DIVISION
hesitate to consult OF GENERAL
your teacher SANTOS
or facilitator. CITYin mind that you are
Always bear
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know
This learning topic is specially designed to provide you with the roads
to cooperative, collaborative, and independent learning of the target themes,
concepts, and competencies and will help us understand even further what
society is all about. Particularly, this module discusses one of the many
important theoretical frameworks of social science – Marxism.

In this module, you will be able to analyze social inequalities in

terms of class conflict in Marxism. (HUMSS_ DIS 11- IIIg-4).

Objectives

At the end of the module, you are expected to:

 define Marxism and Conflict theory.

 identify to two (2) classes of people based on Karl Marx conflict theory.
 analyze social current social inequalities prevalent here in the
Philippines highlighting the class conflict theory.
 create a reflection paper using the Marxism approach in order to explain
current social inequalities.

What I Know
This is a pre-test to assess how far your knowledge is all about the
lesson.

Direction: Take a few minutes to answer this pre-test to find out how
much you already know about this topic. Read each item carefully.
I. Multiple Choices: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
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1. Define Marxism.
a. a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit,
rather than by the state in an economic and political system.
b. is a political and economic way of organizing society, where the workers own
the means of production.
c. it is a Medieval European political, economic and social system from the 9th
to 15th century
d. a social or economic system built on manufacturing industries.
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2. Karl Marx viewed ____________ as the source of social inequality:
a. communism c. capitalism
b. socialism d. feudalism
3. Karl Marx defined the proletariat and the bourgeoisie classes as:
 a. Workers and the owners in a capitalist society
b. Socialists and feudalists in different periods
c. Robots and factory workers in the Industrial Revolution
d. Rural and urban landholders

4. Conflict sociologists analyze society using the:

a. macro analysis approach c. interpretative approach
b. micro analysis approach d. statistical approach
5. Conflict sociologists view society as:
a. stable c. evolutionary
b. chaotic d. symbolic

6. To a social conflict theorist, a worker in a factory would be considered a:

a. capitalist d. democrat
b. proletariat
c. socialist

7. According to the conflict theory, conflict is created through:

a. Social construction of opposing realities
b. Social problems that create dysfunctions
c. Unreliable social networks
d. Large groups competing over power

8. The term _____ means the experience of isolation and misery those results from
feelings of powerlessness.
a. alienation c. distancing
b. hostility d. estrangement

9. The main motive of the bourgeoisie class according to Karl Marx:

a. increase wages c. false consciousness
b. profit d. class consciousness
10.Dominant and minority groups are distinguished by
a. features related to their characteristics
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b. ability to organize themselves effectively
c. access to power
d. cultural definitions

11.Conflict sociologists view social change as:

a. exchange of power between groups
b. movement from class conflict to classless society
c. nonexistent since power is always used to oppress
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d. stable and orderly processOF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

12.Michelle owns a regional manufacturing company. She has a warehouse, nine

trucks, and employs 50 people. What are the warehouses and trucks examples
of ?
a. means of production b. social control
 c. surplus value d. bourgeoisie status

13.The belief that capitalism is good for the proletariat class is an example of:
a. class Consciousness c. class Conflict
b. classless Society d. false Consciousness

14.What book did Karl Marx write?

a. The Communist Guide to c. The Communist Review
Literature d. The Communist Manifesto
b. The Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn
15._______________________ examines any social phenomenon through the lens
that there is a natural human instinct towards conflict.
a. capitalism c. functionalism
b. socialism d. conflict theory

Lesson
Marxism
4
Did you know that almost all of our known heroic figures, renowned
philosophers, decorated scientists, physicists, and mathematicians or even
theologians throughout the history of humanity were all considered social
scientists in some other ways? So next time you meet a person who says
that social science is suited only for the feeble-minded individuals, just
simply tell them that in order to successfully change the world into a better
place – we all need to study social science.

By now, you have already learned one positivist theory, the Structural
Functionalism. The theory, briefly, postulates that society will always aim for
unity, peace, and harmony when every institutions in that community work
together and function in accordingly. However, as we try to carefully observe
what is actually happening in the society we are into, the structural
functionalism theory tends to show its vulnerability to doubts and questions
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– does society actually tries to aim for unity, harmony and stability?

In this lesson, you will learned another important theory in the study
of social science. You will about the learn and understand that society is
that stable as claimed by functionalists. According to another theory,
society is at constant struggle, society is at battle with instability – society is
viewed as chaotic. You will have a better understanding of social classes in
Marxism and why do we even have these. The concepts of labor, wages,
DIVISION
costs, compensation will OF
alsoGENERAL SANTOS
be discussed CITYfor you academically
sparingly
discriminate this theory from another theory.
 What’s In
Let us review the lesson by answering the exercise below.

Previously, we have discussed the one of the dominant approaches in

the study of social science, the Structural Functionalism. It is a complex
system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. This
approach is primarily concerned with the place of individuals in the social
order of a particular institution they are into rather than with individual
actions. Thus, Structural Functionalism purports that everyone in the
society is functional and that a person’s importance in the society depends
on his or her function of social role.

The approach suggests that society, along with its underlying

structure, functions together in order to achieve peace, harmony, and
stability. An example of this would be General Santos City as a community.
All institutions, both in its micro and macro level, must function
accordingly; otherwise, there will be chaos and instability within General
Santos City. However, we have also learned that not all institutions are
expected to work or function in the way they are intended to. These
classifications of social functions according to its consequences in the
society are the manifest and latent functions/dysfunctions.

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Photo credit: Free Domain

The above illustration

DIVISION shows SANTOS
OF GENERAL us the Structural
CITY functionalism
paradigm. Now, let us try to explain what the illustration above
tells us by answering the following:

1. Based on the illustration above, you refer to Family, Education, Religion

and Crimes as, ______________________________________________.
 2. Why is it that Family, Education, Religion and Crimes all point to Social
Order? What does this infer? __________________________________________.

3. Why is it that Social Order is at the center?

_________________________.
In this lesson, we move on with a new topic. This module will discuss
to you another approach in the study of Social Science. As you go along, you
will understand why is it there are conflicts in the society, particularly in the
distribution of wealth, money, opportunity, and power. This new topic
address social issues of inequality, class struggle, social stratification that
are centuries old but still quite prevalent even in today’s modern times. In
this module, we will discuss a very interesting socioeconomic approach in
social science, regarded as one of the most influential, if not famous, school
of thought – The Marxist approach and its Conflict theory.

Schools are one of the vital institutions in the society. For this short activity,
learners will have to identify what are the manifest and latent functions of schools
as well as its manifest and latent dysfunction.

Photo credit: Free Domain

1. What is the Manifest function of schools?

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2. What is the Latent function of schools?
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______

3. Do think that schools have manifest dysfunctions? Why?

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__________________________________________________________________________________
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______

4. How about Latent dysfunctions? Do schools have one? Why?

__________________________________________________________________________________
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______

What’s New
Let us start the lesson by doing this activity.

Activity 1 – Critique the Picture (Group Work)

After conducting a quick review of the previous lesson(s), the teacher will
now conduct the first activity entitled “Critique the Picture”.
Instruction. The learners will be group accordingly. The teacher will provide
a read-made activity sheet. The learners will only have to write their answer on the
activity sheet. When the learners are through with their commenting on, each
group will have to appoint their representative. The representative of each group
shall present their work in the class. Write your answer inside the box.

Image Describe the Image

Photo credit: Free Domain

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Photo credit: Free Domain

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Photo credit: Free Domain

 Photo credit: Free Domain

Photo credit: Free Domain

ommunity. What Is It

This exercise will help the learner discover and understand the concept
of the lesson furthermore about the activity.

Let us now try to analyze our activity, Build a better World. Below are series
of questions you must answer.
1. How did you find the activity?
_____________________________________________________________________________
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________________
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2. Why do you think this scenario occurred?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
________
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3. Does the activity reflect what is currently happening in our society?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________________________
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________________

4. What did you realize after doing the activity?

_____________________________________________________________________________
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____________________
5. Can you give other situations/circumstances similar to this?
_____________________________________________________________________________
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____________________

6. Have you ever heard of Marxism and Conflict theory?

_____________________________________________________________________________
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A short video clip to watch, https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=W0GFSUu5UzA

The video provided here will enable us to examine the general overview of
the topic. An in-depth discussion on the subject matter will be followed.

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

 Photo credit: Free Domain

Marxism is a theory developed by the German philosopher Karl Marx.

Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and
social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes
a dialectical view of social transformation. Theoretically speaking, Marxism is the
direct opposite of capitalism.

Karl Marx argues in his teachings that society, as opposed to Structural

Functionalism, is at constant conflict of itself. Hence, the Marxism approach
introduces the Conflict Theory.

Conflict theory purports that due to society’s never-ending competition for finite
resources, it will always be in a state of conflict. The implication of this theory is
that those in possession of wealth and resources will protect and hoard those
resources, while those without will do whatever they can to obtain them. This
dynamic means there is a constant struggle between the rich and the poor.
(“Conflict Theory”, 2020.)

In other words, conflict theory sees society as a dynamic entity constantly

undergoing change because of competition over scarce resources.

Karl Marx, according to his conflict theory, postulates that there are
generally two (2) classes involved – the upper class (rich people) or the bourgeoisie
and the SELF-LEARNING MODULE
poor working class (poor people) or the proletariat.

In this approach, the concept of rich and poor is crucial in understanding

the social inequality among social classes. The bourgeoisie owns the resources and
means of production (business) and the proletariat are the work force usually
employed by the bourgeoisie. Traditionally, labor is a constant centerpiece of the
conflict theory. Thus, without the workers (proletariat), there would be no labor; no
labor means no profit for the bourgeoisie.
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To illustrate conflict theory, we need to look at the classic example of an
employer-employee relationship. For example, the private owner of an industrial
factory is driven by profit as an ultimate objective. On the other hand, the workers
are driven by compensation in exchange of their labor in order to survive.
Considering both distinct objectives, the owner (employer) will always find a way to
maximize its profit while the worker (employee) will then try to maximize the
compensation. We can already see from here that the moment owner demands
more labor and paid less for the work done, social inequality exist. If the workers
asks for an increase of compensation but the owner refused, the conflict between
social classes arises.

What’s More
Let us do this exercise to improve our learning about this lesson.
Activity 2: Let’s Analyze!
Direction: Using the Venn diagram, compare and contrast the two parties, the
Bourgeoisie and Proletariat in the perspective of Marxism.

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Activity 3. Let’s Do the Essay!

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Direction: Based on each image, write a one-paragraph reflection essay about the
problems shown in each image that may result from the existence of social
inequalities.
1.

Photo credit: Free Domain

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2.

Photo credit: Free Domain

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3.
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 Photo credit: Free Domain

___________________________________________________________________________
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4.

Photo credit: Free Domain

___________________________________________________________________________
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5.
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Photo credit: Free Domain

___________________________________________________________________________
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What I Have Learned

To sum-up all our discussion, let us recall our lesson by answering this
exercise.

Marxism is a school of thought developed by a german philosopher Karl

Marx who argues that society is in constant conflict with each other. Hence the
formulation of the Conflict theory. The theory classifies two (2) major social classes
namely the upper class (bourgeoisie) and the lower class (proleteriat).
Activity 4. Reflection.

1. Based from what you have just learned, what was Karl Marx reason why he
developed the socio-economic theory of Marxism, particularly the Conflict Theory?
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__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
__________________________________________________________________________________
___
2. As a student and a citizen of Philippines, do you think that the Conflict theory as
well as the Marxist approach are potential solutions to the increasing rate of
poverty here in Philippines. Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________
____________
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___

What I Can Do
Let us verify your capability by applying your learning through this task.

Activity 5: Advocacy Campaign. You will create and present an advocacy

campaign supporting or antagonizing the usefulness of Marxism in the Philippine
society. List down the strengths and weaknesses of this theory in the
scientific study of the society. Write your answers in the space of provided below.

1. Who are your target audience or demographics?

1.1. Gender
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___
1.2. Age bracket
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___
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1.3. Educational attainment
____________________________________________________________________
___
1.4. Household income
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___

2. Your main argument. Why are you in favor or not in favor of the usefulness of
Marxism.
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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_______________
3. What are your mediums or strategies to communicate your campaign?
________________________________________________________________________
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Assessment
By answering this post-test activity, we will be going to find out how
far
is your learning progress towards this lesson.

Direction: Choose the correct answer by encircling the letter of your choice.

1. To a social conflict theorist, a worker in a factory would be considered a:

a. capitalist c. socialist
b. proletariat d. democrat
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2. The term _____ means the experience of isolation and misery that results from
feelings of powerlessness.
a. alienation c. distancing
b. hostility d. estrangement
3. Which of these intellectuals is NOT considered among the founders of
Marxism?
a. Karl Marx c. Josef Stalin
b. Friedrich Engels d. all of these
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY leaders were
considered founders of Marxism

4. Which one of the following is a reason why Marx cannot be rejected because of
his ideological orientation?
a. Marxism is the only sociological theory that is ideologically biased
b. Marx tried to hide his ideological orientations
 c. Marx argued that a violent overthrow of capitalism is the only way to end
exploitation
d. Marx was essentially a humanist not a blood thirsty revolutionary

5. For Marx, human potential is actualized.

a. when democracy is institutionalized
b. in the objectification of products
c. during the capitalist stage
d. during the primitive stage

6. What would Marx argue needs to happen to transform a society's culture?

a. the economic foundation would have to be changed
b. new technologies would need to be introduced
c. the mass media would need to be changed
d. the economic foundation would remain the same

7. The bourgeoisie can transform its false consciousness into true class
consciousness.
a. true b. false

8. The political philosophy of Marx has had a great deal of influence on economics
and politics for the past century.
a. true b. false

9. Left realism contends that Marxist idealism sacrifices the interests of

impoverished people for the interests of lower-class offenders.

10.Is the amount of socially necessary labor-time needed to produce an article

under the normal conditions of production and with the average degree of skill
and intensity of the time.
a. surplus value c. exchange value
b. labor theory of value d. use value

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11.In Marxist theory, _____ is the belief that the arrangement of the bourgeoisie
owning the means of production and the proletariat working for the interests of
the bourgeoisie is legitimate.
a. alse consciousness c. postmodern criminology
b. left realism d. false realism

12.In Marxist theory, those who own property and the means of production are
the _____. DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
a. wealthy c. bourgeoisie
b. proletariat d. nihilists

13. In Marxist theory, the ___ is the working class.

a. proletariat c. lex talionis
b. left d. bourgeoisie
14.The main focus of Karl Marx's work was on which of the following social
elements?
a. The plight of the working class. c. Economics of the upper class
b. Gender equality d. Worker’s conditions in factories

15.Marx argued that the communist social revolution must be the last movement
of the prehistoric stage of human history because,
a. The proletariat has no ideology and rebels against alienation itself, seeking
to employ the means of production to provide for everyone.
b. The bourgeoisie will return the means of production to the oppressed
working class, liberating them from propagandistic ideology.
c. The proletariat will realize that the capitalist ideology they now believe in is
false and replace it with the true Marxist philosophy of communism and
dialectical materialism.
d. A powerful leader, like Joseph Stalin in Russia and Mao Zedong in China,
will be able to command the economy and prevent the inequalities and
excesses of the capitalist system.

Additional Activity

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Let’s Do the Essay! Write your answe in the space provided below.
Direction : Reflect on our lesson discussion and answer this question:
Is Marxism still relevant in today’s world? Support your answer.
(You can use another sheet of paper if needed)
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Answer Key

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PRE-TEST MODULE
POST TEST
1. b
2. a 1. b
3. a 2. a
4. b 3. d
5. b 4. c
6. b 5. b
7. d 6. a
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8. a 7. b
9. b 8. a
10. c 9. b
11. a 10. b
12. a 11. d
13. d 12. c
14. d 13. a
15. d 14. a
15. a
References

Dela Cruz and et. Al. The Padayon Series. Disciplines and Ideas
in the Social Sciences. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2016.

Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences for Senior High School. Cherille V.
Siquete, Mindshapers Co.,Inc. 2016.

Feist, Feist, Roberts. Theories of Personality. 9th Ed. Mc Graw-Hill Education. ©

2018
Ramos, Maria Lourdes. Personal Development: A Journey to Self-Awakening
for Senior High School: C & E Publishing, Inc. ©2017.
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Curriculum Guide for Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences. 2016

Online Sources
https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-science
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/natural-science
https://www.britannica.com/topic/humanities
DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd – Division of
General Santos City with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the
new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential
Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners in General Santos City in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module. This is
version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of General Santos City

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)