“Chan-one building condition after fire”

Open Ended Lab (OEL) Report

BATCH 2016
Section B1

Submitted By:
Name: H.M Usama Tofiq Roll #: 16L-5417

Name: Muhammad Abdullah Shahid Roll #: 16L-5423

Name: Saif-ullah Roll #: 16L-5402

Name: Faizan Arshad Roll #: 16L-5440

Name: Ahsan Maqsood Roll #: 16L-5408

Name: Shahab-U-Din Roll #: 16L-5403

(December 5, 2019)

Submitted to: Engr. Saba Arshad

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER AND EMERGING SCIENCES, LAHORE

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We have put our efforts in this research. Indeed, it would not have been achievable without support and
help from the university and many individuals. Who provided us with the chance to visit Chanone mall
(to study the strength of the structure after burning of the structure due to fire) and also provided us
equipment’s for testing. We would like to say heartfelt thanks to all of them.

We would also like to express our gratitude towards our parents & Engineer Saba Arshad and Engineer
Ali Raza for the kind co-operation and encouragement which helped us in completion of this project. We
would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to Lab Engineers and Lab supervisors for their
assistance and kind support.
 DECLARATION

We declare that the work presented in this report belongs to us completely. I n case any of the information
provided is found plagiarized or copied from any source, we are aware that we may be held liable for it
and serious actions can be taken against us.

Dated: December 05,2019

Name: H.M Usama Tofiq Signature: ------------------

Name: Muhammad Abdullah Shahid Signature: ------------------

Name: Safi-ullah Signature: ------------------

Name: Ahsan Maqsood Signature: ------------------

Name: Faizan Arshad Signature: ------------------

Name: Shahab-U-Din Signature: ------------------

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
Acknowledgements -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------X
Declaration -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------X
Table of Contents ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------X
List of Tables --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------X
List of Figures -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------X
List of Abbreviations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------X
1.0 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ XX

1.1 General Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X

1.2 Research Objectives ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ X
1.3 Literature Review--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X

2.0 Experimental Procedure --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- XX

2.1 General --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X
2.2 Experimental Procedure of Specific gravity test of asphalt --------------------------------------------- X
2.3 Experimental Procedure of Penetration Test on Asphalt ------------------------------------------------ X
2.4 Experimental Procedure to find Softening Point by Ring and Ball Apparatus ----------------------- X
2.5 Experimental Procedure of ductility test on asphalt ----------------------------------------------------- X
2.6 Experimental Procedure for Flash Point and Fire Point ------------------------------------------------- X

3.0 Testing and Results--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- XX

3.1 Specific Gravity test ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ X
3.2 Penetration test------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X
3.3 Softening Point-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------X
3.4 Ductility Test--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X
3.5 Fire and flash point of Asphalt ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ X

4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations ------------------------------------------------------------------- XX

4.1 XXXXXXXXXX --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X
4.1.1 XXXXXXXXX --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X
4.1.2 XXXXXXXXX --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X
4.1.3 XXXXXXXXX --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X

Reference(use IEEE Format)------------------------------------------------------------------------ X

 List of Tables

1.3.1

3.1 Specific Gravity test--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.2 Penetration test-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.3: Softening point------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.5 Fire and flash point of Asphalt-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 List of Figures

2.3 Penetrometer---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.4.1 Ring Ball Apparatus with Rings and 9.3mm Balls------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.4.2 Ring Ball Apparatus with stirrer and thermometer----------------------------------------------------------------------

2.5.1 Ductilometer ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.5.2 Moulds------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1.0 Introduction
1.1 General Introduction
In this open ended lab, we are provided with a
condition in which we have to use our
knowledge that we got from the performance
of different tests in the Plain and Reinforced
concrete laboratory to deal with the situations
that we can/will face during our work in the
field. In this part of the open ended lab our
teachers have given a problem statement that
the fire has burned a building and we have to
you our knowledge from the Plain and
Reinforced concrete course to check either is
building is good for use or not. Furthermore,
we were asked to suggest that the repair of
the structure is possible or not.

1.2 Research objective:

After studying and understanding the problem statement given to us we come to the
conclusion that we have to check the compressive strength and flexural strength of the
structure. For compressive strength we have to perform some tests like Rebound Hammer Test
(ASTM: C805/C805M), Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test (ASTM C597-09) or we can also cut the
core and bring them in laboratory for testing. While the flexural strength of the structure can
just be estimated by closely looking at the deflections in the structure.

1.3 Literature Review

National Conference on Fire Research and Engineering
(Fire 2014-029 IIT Roorkee, Uttarakhand, March 01-02, 2014)

Fire is one of the most destructive accidental loads that a structure can be subjected during its
lifetime. The amount of damage caused will depend mainly on the severity and the duration.
The physical properties of concrete and the reinforcing steel are modified by the temperature
and duration of fire. Assessment of fire damaged concrete usually starts with visual
observation followed by ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements and tests on core samples.
Ultrasonic pulse velocity test, which is a non-destructive test method, is widely practiced and
can be carried out on a structure at a faster rate. The ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements
made on a structure will provide a qualitative estimation of the damaged members with the
undamaged one. A number of fire-affected reinforced concrete structures were investigated,
analyzed and rehabilitated and a case study is discussed in this paper which include a building
structure. The evaluation of the structure after repair was also carried out using non-
destructive method followed by load test.

Assessment of concrete structures after fire

(Joakim Albrektsson, Mathias Flansbjer, Jan Erik Lindqvist and Robert Jansson)
After a fire incident the first question from a structural point of view is whether the
construction can be refurbished or, in extreme cases, needs to be replaced. The traditional
assessment methods included in the experimental part of the report are: rebound hammer,
ultrasonic pulse measurements and microscopy methods. In many cases the above
recommended strategy gives enough information for a recommendation concerning how to
restore a construction after a fire. But sometimes a more in detail picture of the degradation is
needed to assess the conditions of a construction and then a second level of complexity is
opened using core drilling and a battery of laboratory tests.

2.0 Selection of Tests

After literature review we come to know that three major tests are used for checking the
compressive strength of the structures effected by fires which are:

1. Rebound Hammer Test (ASTM: C805/C805M)

2. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test (ASTM C597-09)

3. Core Cutting (ASTM C-42)

2.1 Selected Test

Due to the limited access to the site we were
not able to perform core cutting test then we
were left two options. Both are used widely
for checking the compressive strength of the
structure. But we elected Rebound Hammer
Test (ASTM: C805/C805M) as the handling of
this equipment is a lot better than ultrasonic
pulse velocity tester. Moreover, rebound
hammer can be used to check the compressive strength of slabs, beams and columns while
rebound hammer has limitations for the performance of test. Lastly, ultrasonic pulse velocity
tester needs electric supply while we do not need external power source for the performance
of Rebound Hammer.

2.2 Experimental procedure of Rebound Hammer

 Remove hammer from case and press the plunger end against a hard surface to release the
plunger from the locked position. (Do not press lock button while doing this.)
 Position hammer horizontally with plunger end.
 Slowly apply pressure until hammer fires. This will occur when only approximately 1/2 inch of
the plunger is still visible. Do not press the lock button during this step.
 With the hammer still pressed, read the rebound number off the scale provided on the hammer.
If it is necessary to move the hammer before reading, press the lock button. The rebound
number should be read to two significant figures. (e.g., 26, 31, 35)
 Repeat the above procedure at different points until a total of ten readings has been taken.

3.1 Site of Testing

Location Coordinate:

74.3431233 31.5154231 (x, y)

Address:

92-93 Ghalib Rd, Block E1 Block E 1

Gulberg III, Lahore, Punjab 54000,
Pakistan
Type of Structure

Frame structure (slab, beams, columns) with structural masonry walls and a few steel (I-section)
beams supporting slab

Date of Testing

2-September-2019

4.1 Results of Testing

ORIENTATION OF CONCRTE AGE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

HAMMER (DAYS) T1 T2 T3 AVG

Strength of Slab >56

Strength of Floor >56

Strength of Masonry wall >56

Strength of Columns >56

5.0 Conclusion

6.0 References
Al-Nimry, H. S., & Ghanem, A. M. (2017). FRP confinement of heat-damaged circular RC columns. Int. J.
Concr. Struct. Mater., 11, 115–133.

ASTM. (2001). ASTM C39: Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete
specimens. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM Int.

ASTM. (2011). ASTM C 496 M-11: Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical
concrete specimens. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM Int.