Comte lived in 19th century, he was a French philosopher.

He is the creator of a
new science: the sociology.
He first named it “social physics”, that lets imagine why he considers it a new
science (becouse physics is a scientific name).

Sociology is the study of the society (the name is the composition of “soci”
society, and “ology” study of) and is based on reasoning and observation like all
sciences.
Sociology is also based on natural laws of social stability and change, and these
laws should be used to create a better society.

For Comte theory was really important; the theory is extrapolated from
observation through induction, and phenomena are observed through theory
with a process of deduction.

Comte developed the law of the three stages looking at French revolution, to
find a system that could be applied: to the human progress, to the knowledge of
every man and also to society.
The three stages are: Thelogical stage, Metaphisical stage and Positive stage.

In the first stage, the theological stage the natural events are caused by
divinities and for this reason humans change their lifetime and they call the god
and ask him to help them.

In the Metaphisical stage the natural events are explained with abstract thoughts
that are not verificable, becouse are metaphisical representation, the material
world is an expression of the essence.
This step leads people to confusion and alienation, becouse they think that
democracy gives rights to humans, but human rights are not founded on
autority. Human rights are birth rights

In the positive stage humans become aware that is impossible to obtain the
absolute knowledge, for this reason phenomena are analyzed only through
scientific knoledge, logic, observation and experimentation.
And the existential questions are avoided.

The law of the three stages can be applied to society:

in the first stage there is the ancient world, where various divinities are in the
middle of society.
Here The societal unit is the family
in the second stage the societal unit is the state: this appened in the middle ages

in the third stage we reach the modern age, the society is guided by scientists
and administrators, the whole human race is now the social unit.

Other important things to understand societies are social bonds.

Social bonds are like the muscles for a human body, but they are invisible and
work as a glue in human comunities.
The social bonds are: language, religion and division of labor

A common language is the most important value in a community, becouse

without it nothing could be possible. There isn’t solidarity or consensus, it’s
impossible to establish a social order

A common religion is important becouse encourages individuals to help their

fellows even if they have interests in contrast.
Religion also gives spirital support and approval, making it seem the society
right and ordinated by god

The division of labour is also important becouse make each individuals

dependent on others, no one could survive without another man that has a
different job that you don’t have time to do.

At the end we can say that Comte had a vision of the society similar to human
body, there are a lot of parallelism between organisms and society