1.

Passive design

Design that takes use of the sun and winds, works with the environment to keep out undesired heat or
cold, and minimizes or eliminates the need for mechanical heating or cooling is known as passive
design. In the tropics, passive design is planning a structure to maximize natural lighting and cooling
breezes while minimizing heat accumulation and storage through the use of shading, orientation, and
suitable building materials.
2. Passive ventilation
The requirement for energy-intensive air conditioning will be significantly reduced by building
architecture that maximizes natural ventilation. Even if the air is not significantly cooler, air
movement over the body induces a cooling sensation because moisture from the skin
evaporates.
3. Roof ventilation
Convection can be used to effectively replace stored heated air with cool air from the outside by
ventilating a building's ceiling cavity through the roof. Additionally, it lessens heat radiation from
the ceiling cavity into the building's interior.
4. Landscaping
It will be cooler inside the structure and the outdoor spaces will be more pleasurable if there is
less paving and other hard surfaces that reflect and/or store heat. Because plants can transpire,
or shed moisture, which cools the air, planting areas surrounding a building makes the area feel
colder.
5. Thermal mass
In tropical regions, it is best to utilize lightweight building materials with low thermal mass,
especially on sun-exposed walls. This is because buildings cool more quickly when made of
lightweight construction materials like timber, which react swiftly to cooling breezes.
6. Insulation
Insulation can be applied in the structure's walls, ceiling, and roof and is among the most
efficient ways to limit heat intake. By keeping warmer air inside during the winter and keeping
out outside heat during the summer, insulation regulates the pace at which a building loses or
acquires heat.
7. Windows
In tropical climates, passive design is essential to promoting natural air flow. Windows have a
significant role in promoting and directing airflow into a structure.

Sliding LOUVR CASEMENT

window ES WINDOW

50% OPEN FOR UP TO 95% OPEN TO RE DIRECTS

BREEZE BREEZE BREEZE
THROUGH
WINDOW
8. Natural lighting
Applying light colors on walls, floors, and other horizontal surfaces, as well as aligning internal
walls and ceilings to maximize light reflection from light sources, can increase the usefulness of
natural light. The advantages of natural light must be weighed against methods for controlling
heat gain and glare.
9. Cross ventilation
Where there are pressure variations between one side of a building and the other, cross
ventilation takes place. The air is often brought into the building on the high-pressure windward
side and is typically drawn out of the building on the low pressure leeward side.
10. Renewable energy
Investing in renewable energy generation systems is becoming more and more appealing given
the current situation of growing electricity rates and the continuous problem of energy security.
The slope of the roof and solar access for the panels are crucial factors to take into account
when developing a structure for solar power generation.