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Sedimentary Evolution Of The Golfo San Jorge Basin, Central Patagonia,

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Argentinean Fluvial Basins IESGLO, Basin Analysis Series, I: 185-274
SEDIMENTARY
Ibañez, EVOLUTION
L. M.; Moyano, M. O THEAceñolaza,
S.Fand GOLFO SAN G. JF.ORGE
(Eds.)BASIN, CENTRAL PATAGONIA, Tucumán,
ARGENTINA2009 | ISSN - 1852 - 4796
187
Sedimentary Evolution Of The Golfo San Jorge

Basin, Central Patagonia, Argentina
PAREDES José M.
Grupo de Análisis Estructural y Estratigráfico de Cuencas – Departamento de Geología. Facultad de Cien-

cias Naturales – Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Ruta Provincial Nº 1 Km. 4 (9000)
Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina.
Web: www.gaeec.com.ar E-mail: paredesj@unpata.edu.ar | paredesjose@yahoo.com.ar TE: +54-297-
154215039
SCHEDULE FIELD TRIP
Monday
GENERAL PROGRAM Tuesday
Wednesday
INTRODUCTION Thursday
General Evolution of Central Patagonia Friday
Golfo San Jorge Basin: General Framework
Golfo San Jorge Basin: Stratigraphy REFERENCES
Mesozoic Stratigraphy
Tertiary Stratigraphy
Golfo San Jorge Basin: Structural Geology
MONDAY 31: GOLFO SAN TUESDAY 01: GOLFO SAN

JORGE BASIN. TERTIARY JORGE BASIN. THE CHUBUT
STRATIGRAPHY WESTWARD GROUP IN THE MATASIETE
OF COMODORO RIVADAVIA CITY. CANYON.
Stop 1. Middle Miocene Santa Cruz Stop 6 . Structural Geology, units
Formation (Fluvial and aeolian). Lithofacies involved in the deformation of the San
y Lithofacies Associations of fluvial Bernardo Fold Belt. Field evidences of
environment. tectonic inversion of Cretaceous
Stop 2 . Plio-Pleistocene «Rodados depocenters.
Patagónicos» in Pampa del Castillo. Main Stop 7. Lower Member of the Matasie-
features of coarse-grained, glacifluvial te Formation (Barremian-Aptian), (1).
sheets. Fluvial sandbodies and proximal to distal
Stop 3 . Bajada de las Germanas. floodplain deposits.
Marine-continental transition between the Stop 8. Lower Member of the Matasie-
Chenque (Lower Miocene) and Santa Cruz te Formation (2). Fluvial architecture of the
Formations. Superb preservation of unit.
primary sedimentary structures. Stop 9. Medium and Upper Member
Stop 4 . Oligocene volcaniclastics of the Matasiete Formation. Geometry of
deposits of the Sarmiento Formation. multistorey sandbodies. Base surge
Basaltic explosive volcanism in a near-vent deposits. Influence of (episodic) volcanism
scenario. Lahars, base surge and scoria- on fluvial architecture. Spatial/temporal
ceous breccia associations. variations in the style or pattern of
Stop 5 . Upper Paleocene-Lower sandbodies.
Eocene? Koluel Kaike Formation. Stacking Accommodation in Sarmiento.
of tuffaceous paleosols. Observation of the
San Bernardo Fold Belt and Tertiary
stratigraphy of the area.
Accommodation in Sarmiento.
188 PAREDES J. M.
WEDNESDAY 02: GOLFO SAN Stop 18 . Bajo Barreal Formation,

JORGE BASIN. THE CHUBUT characteristics General features of the
Lower (Tobáceo) and Upper Members
GROUP IN THE SIERRA SILVA (Pelítica Section). Main lithofacies
ANTICLINE. associations, geometry of fluvial sandbo-
Stop 10 . Structural geology of the dies and temporal evolution of drainage
area, faults and associated folds, positive systems. Oil migration pathways associa-
flower structure at outcrop scale. ted to minor faults in the Upper Member.
Stop 11 . Lacustrine deposits of the Accommodation in Sarmiento.
Pozo D-129 Formation. Oolitic
grainstones, deep and shallow lacustrine
succession. FRIDAY 04: GOLFO SAN
Stop 12 . : Upper member of the
Matasiete Formation. Fluvial channel and
JORGE BASIN. CRETACEOUS
epiclastic floodplain. Comparisons with the STRATIGRAPHY IN THE LAS
succession of the Matasiete Canyon. PULGAS AREA. HOLOCENE
Stop 13. Lower Section of the Castillo TECTONICS OF THE SAN
Formation. Main characteristics of cha- BERNARDO FOLD BELT.
nnels and floodplain faces, environments. Stop 19 . The Holocene Las Pulgas
Stop 14. Medium and Upper Section Basalt. Neotectonics of the San Bernardo
of the Castillo Formation. Highly- Fold Belt.
pyroclastic channel fill and pyroclastic Stop 20. The Castillo Formation at Las
floodplain. Influence of volcanism on Pulgas. Scale and lateral extension of
fluvial architecture and nature of the sandbodies.
channelized fill. Stop 21 . The Laguna Palacios
Accommodation in Sarmiento. Formation (Upper Cretaceous) in the cerro
Colorado. Aggradational stacking of
pyroclastic paleosols and minor fluvial
THURSDAY 03: GOLFO SAN sandbodies.
JORGE BASIN. THE CHUBUT Stop 22. Paleocene exposures of the
GROUP IN THE «CODO DEL Salamanca (shallow marine) and Río Chico
RÍO SENGUERR». (fluvial) Formations in the Bosque
Stop 15. Structural geology, discussion Petrificado de Ormachea (45 Km South of
about the origin and growth of the San Sarmiento). Oil staining of marine sand-
Bernardo Fold Belt. Models of growth and bodies and their relationship to faulting.
lateral propagation of folds and faults in Return to Comodoro Rivadavia.
the Papelía Anticline.
Stop 16. Outcrops of the Pozo D-129
Formation (subaqueous pyroclastic rocks) GENERAL PROGRAMME
in the core of the anticline. General
comments on the subsurface stratigraphy Patagonia is known worldwide for its
of the lacustrine rocks. natural attractions. It has an amazing
Stop 17 . Castillo Formation, Main variety of geology ranging from Paleozoic
subdivisions, characteristics of fluvial to Quaternary, and two Mesozoic-
sandbodies and floodplain deposits. Cenozoic basins in Central Patagonia
Different styles of channel infill. Fluvial (named Golfo San Jorge basin and
architecture of the unit. Cañadón Asfalto basin) containing a thick
SEDIMENTARY EVOLUTION OF THE GOLFO SAN JORGE BASIN, CENTRAL PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA 189
record of continental environments. The observations will occur on continental

Golfo San Jorge basin is an intracratonic environments. We will visit some marine
basin filled with Cretaceous and Tertiary or volcanic formations with superb quality
formations. The sedimentary evolution of of exposures and touristic places.
the Golfo San Jorge basin has been The Field Trip is planned for five days
strongly influenced by the incorporation in the Eastern Sector of the basin and into
of pyroclastic deposits, mostly as ash-fall the San Bernardo Fold Belt, visiting key
beds associated to the evolution of the outcrops of most of their fluvial
Andean Chain, located 150-190 km formations. The first day includes
westward of the visited sections. In spite observation of Tertiary formations along
of their distance, most of the units of the the road that joins the cities of Comodoro
basin contain a large proportion of primary Rivadavia and Sarmiento. The remainder
and reworked pyroclastic strata, which of the Trip in the Basin is focused on the
have influenced their evolution in several observation of the Cretaceous Chubut
ways. The Cretaceous Chubut Group Group and volcanic rocks of Tertiary age
(continental volcaniclastics) contains the in the San Bernardo Fold Belt. The aim in
main source rock and oil reservoirs of the this part of the Trip is to analyze field
basin, which is the most productive oil relationships, lithological features and
basin of the country. differences between the fluvial formations
The Field Trip entitled «Sedimentary that belong to the Chubut Group, and to
Evolution of the Golfo San Jorge Basin, discuss the origin and development of the
Central Patagonia, Argentina» was San Bernardo Fold Belt.
developed as part of the activities of the The Field Trip has two main objectives;
9th International Conference on Fluvial the first one is to provide an introduction
Sedimentology. The Field Trip will take to the sedimentology and stratigraphy of
place entirely in the Chubut Province, in the Golfo San Jorge basin, also including
the northern and central part of the Golfo detailed information on the structural
San Jorge basin. Due to the natural interest geology and tectonics of specific areas of
of most of the attendance in fluvial the basin. The second objective is related
environments, the majority of the to the volcaniclastic nature of the
190 PAREDES J. M.
192 PAREDES J. M.
Cretaceous formations, and consists in the Gondwánico), which is evidence of the

analysis of their internal characteristics, a collision of the Patagonia terrene with the
critical evaluation of the main controls on southern margin of Gondwana. Upper
the sedimentary evolution and the Paleozoic marine (and glacimarine) rocks
applicability of current volcaniclastic were preserved in the Tepuel-Genoa
models to these distal volcaniclastic retroarc basin (Limarino and Spalletti,
environments. 2006), currently preserved in the
northwestern part of the Chubut province
AUGUST, 31TH - EASTERN and originally connected to the proto-
SECTOR OF THE GOLFO Pacific Ocean. Triassic rocks in the North
Patagonian region reflect a stage of post-
SAN JORGE BASIN collisional extension and dextral strike-slip
faulting (Giacosa et al., 2005a, 2007), with
SEPTEMBER, 1ST TO 4TH - SAN up to 2,000 m of volcanic and volcaniclas-
BERNARDO FOLD BELT AREA tic successions containing Dicroidium flora.
On the contrary, in the Deseado Region,
the Upper Paleozoic (Permian) and Early
INTRODUCTION Triassic are characterized by extensional
tectonics, with the development of NNW-
SSE striking half grabens filled by up to
GENERAL EVOLUTION 3,000 meters of continental sediments
OF CENTRAL PATAGONIA (Homovc and Constantini, 2001). The Late
The oldest basement rocks in Central Permian synrift event deposited the
Patagonia consist of metamorphic rocks fluviatile successions of La Golondrina and
of Upper Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic La Juanita Formations (Jalfin, 1987; Bellosi
age, exposed in the Northpatagonian and Jalfin, 1989), which was followed by
Massif and Deseado Region (Giacosa et al., a thermally-induced subsidence phase
1998; Giacosa, 1999; Fracchia and during the Triassic, with deposition of
Giacosa, 2006). The basement rocks in the Middle Triassic fluvial successions of the El
eastern part of the Deseado Region receive Tranquilo Formation and pyroclastic rocks
the denomination of Río Deseado of the Upper Triassic- lowermost Jurassic
Complex, in the western region are known Roca Blanca Formation. A curious
as La Modesta Formation. The assumed geological feature is the presence of early
age of this basement is Pre-Devonian. The Jurassic putonic rocks with calcoalcaline
metamorphic basement of the Northpata- affinities in the Eastern part of the Deseado
gonian Massif is widely distributed, and Region (Marquez et al., 2002).
two main lithostratigraphical units were The Jurassic of Central Patagonia is
recognized: medium-grade metamorphic characterized by a series of major
rocks of the Cushamen Formation and extensionally dominated stages that led to
very-low grade metamorphic rocks of the the disaggregation of the Gondwana in
El Jaguelito Formation. the lowermost Cretaceous. The extensio-
The Upper Paleozoic history of the nal process resulted in the creation of NW-
Deseado and Northpatagonian areas are SE to E-W oriented grabens and half-
very different. In the Northpatagonian grabens filled with proximal volcanics and
Massif, the Upper Paleozoic is characteri- volcaniclastics that conforms a rhyolithic
zed by the development of a subduction- plateau that cover an area of the order of
related volcanic arc (Complejo Plutónico 1 million km 2 in Patagonia. Jurassic
volcaniclastics in the Deseado Region it appears to be Early Cretaceous in age.

comprises the basaltic rocks of the Bajo Their emplacement was associated with
Pobre Formation and the Bahía Laura mountain building that formed a barrier
Group, with ages ranging from Middle to to further marine encroachment from the
Upper Jurassic. The later consists of silicic Pacific (Ramos et al ., 1982) and is
volcanics and ignimbrites (Chon Aike represented in the Golfo San Jorge and
Formation), distal lacustrine laminated Cañadón Asfalto basins by the incorpora-
tuffs (La Matilde Formation) and lahar tion of large quantities of tuff deposits in
deposits (Bajo Grande Formation) the continental successions of the Chubut
(Hechem, 1986; Hechem and Homovc, Group (Barremian to Campanian); proxi-
1988). In the North Patagonian Massif, mal volcaniclastic-volcanic rocks are
volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the referred as Divisadero Group in the Andes
Marifil and Lonco Trapial Formations were Ranges (Folguera and Iannizzotto, 2004).
deposited during the late Early Jurassic to The final organization of Central
Middle Jurassic. Jurassic volcanic rocks Patagonia involves the development of the
conforms the main basement of the San Bernardo Fold Belt, a group of NNW-
Malvinas, Magallanes (Austral), Golfo San SSE oriented ranges (100 km wide x 600
Jorge and Cañadón Asfalto basins (Figure km long) located in the central area of
1). The subsequent development of these Chubut and Salta Cruz provinces. This Fold
basins seems to be the result of the Belt represents the tectonic inversion of
interplay between the orientation of the Mesozoic depocenters during the Andean
master faults of the basins in relation to compression, and has had their main uplift
the field stress, contemporary volcanism, episode during the Miocene. The Tertiary
the continuity of the extensional process evolution of the basins in Central
and location of the basin, and changes in Patagonia is in turn related both to the
the rate of sea (base) level. Andean activity and to the development
During the lower Cretaceous (130-110 of a passive margin setting in the (eastern)
My) a shifting in the location of the active Atlantic margin. Low rates of subsidence
extension from the southern tip of South favored continental sedimentation in the
America to a narrow and continuous zone basins, which were periodically inundated
along the Atlantic margin of Argentina, by marine transgressive deposits, the two
Uruguay and Brazil took place, whose most important being Early Paleocene and
evolution finally originated the opening of Early Miocene in age. Intraplate volcanism
the southern Atlantic Ocean at 120 My was also common during the Tertiary, and
(see Figure 2) Neocomian rift structures in large parts of Central Patagonia are
Central Patagonia are oriented to high- currently covered by their products (see
angle or sub-perpendicular to the direction Ardolino et al., 1999; Panza and Franchi,
of Atlantic opening (Urien et al., 1981; 2002 and references herein).
Uliana et al., 1989).
During the Cretaceous and in close GOLFO SAN JORGE BASIN:
relationship with the opening of the GENERAL FRAMEWORK.
Atlantic Ocean, in the western margin of The Golfo San Jorge Basin (hereafter
South America a subduction-related referred as GSJB) is an intracratonic basin
magmatic arc (Andean Batolith) occurred. filled with Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks.
The beginning of the compressional stage The Basin is broadly E-W oriented and is
is variable along the western margin of located between 45 and 47°S latitude. The
South America, but in Central Patagonia GSJB is a dominantly extensional basin
194 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 1. Radar image of Central Patagonia, with indication of the main sedimentary basins and positive
reliefs.
formed as response to the break-up of the record a transgressive-regressive event of
Gondwana supercontinent during the Pacific vergence, containing marine
Jurassic and early Cretaceous, and invertebrates of Pliensbachian to early
superimposed on Paleozoic continental Toarcian (Uliana et al., 1989; Fitzgerald et
crust (Barcat et al., 1989; Fitzgerald et al., al., 1990).
1990; Figari et al., 1999). The GSJB is The main basement of the GSJB sensu
partially emplaced over an older, Upper stricto is composed of basalts, riolites,
Paleozoic to Jurassic basin, which has a ignimbrites and associated volcanosedi-
NNW-SSE orientation (Uliana and mentary flows of Middle to Upper Jurassic
Legarreta, 1999). The infilling of the older age that represent the climax of the rift
basin is composed by marine sediments event that led to the fragmentation of the
of Upper Paleozoic age, unconformably Gondwana (Figura 3). Those rocks have
covered by Early Jurassic marine rocks and received the denomination of Lonco
continental volcaniclastic deposits of the Trapial or Bahía Laura Group and are
same age, currently exposed in the NW widely distributed in Central Patagonia. A
boundary of the GSJB. Those deposits second pulse of extensional tectonic took
Figure 2. Location map showing Argentine sedimentary basins. Countors represent total sediment fill in
kilometers and are appoximate. Abbreviations beneath basin names indicate times of extension that led to
basin formation. Dashed lines are oceanic-continental crust boundary. Modified after Uliana et al. (1989).
196 PAREDES J. M.
place in the uppermost Jurassic and early and Littke, 2001). The remainder of the
Cretaceous, with the conformation of E- Tertiary sedimentation is represented by
W to NNW-SSE striking half-grabens filled the continental Río Chico Formation
by black shales and coastal, wedge-shaped (Upper Paleocene) and Sarmiento
sandstones of lacustrine origin. The later Formation (middle Eocene to early
stage is locally known as the «Neocomian Miocene), early Miocene marine deposits
Basin» and is represented by strata of Las of the Chenque Formation and middle
Heras Group, only preserved in the Miocene continental deposits of the Santa
subsurface of the GSJB. Cruz Formation. The post-Miocene
The closure of the Pacific vergence of deposits are scarcely represented, with the
the basin occurred in response to the initial remarkable exception of gravel beds
Patagonidic tectonic phase (compressio- known as «Rodados Tehuelches», which
nal) during the Barremian (Barcat et al., constitute high-energy fluvial systems
1989), which produces the shifting of the associated with the melting of extensive
main depocenters to the Eastern Sector glaciations in Pliocene to Pleistocene times.
of the basin over a regional unconformity The Neotectonic of the GSJB has been
and the incorporation of large volumes of barely studied. Ferello (1965) recognized
pyroclastic rocks into the basin. At the that the present E-W orientation and
same time, the generation of new WNW- location of valleys in the Eastern Sector of
ESE striking normal faults (Uliana et al., the basin are parallel to the upward
1989; Chelotti, 1997) resulted in the propagation of the main normal faults. He
creation of accommodation for the depo- considered that the geomorphology of the
sition of the Chubut Group or «Chubutia- area was tectonically controlled by the
no» (Barremian to Campanian?) in fluvial orientation of the Cretaceous normal
and lacustrine environments (Hechem et faults. In the subsurface of the San
al., 1990; Hechem and Strelkov, 2002; Bernardo Fold Belt a number of NNE
Hechem, 2003). This succession contains oriented ponds along the axis of a syncline
the main source rock (Pozo D-129 Forma- parallel to the Los Perales anticline was
tion, lacustrine) and oil reservoirs of the interpreted by Vergés et al. (1997) as
basin (Castillo and Bajo Barreal Formations, evidence of Quaternary growth of folds
fluvial). The Bajo Barreal Formation has and faults. In spite of these studies, no
provided a large number and variety of systematical studies on the Neotectonic of
dinosaurs (Sciutto and Martinez, 1994; the Basin were carried out until now.
Martinez et al., 2004; Casal et al., 2007).
During the uppermost Cretaceous and GOLFO SAN JORGE BASIN:
the Cenozoic the GSJB behaved as a wide STRATIGRAPHY
tectonic depression with little subsidence.
The accommodation was created mainly
by sea-level fluctuations and extensional
MESOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY
tectonics (Uliana and Biddle, 1987; The Mesozoic stratigraphy of the GSJB
Legarreta et al., 1990; Bellosi, 1995; can be divided in three main tectonostra-
Giacosa et al., 2004; Foix et al., 2008). An tigraphic units: 1) The Middle to Upper
Atlantic marine transgression deposited Jurassic volcanic rocks that conforms the
the Salamanca Formation in Maastrichtian basement of the basin; 2) The uppermost
to Danian times, but this transgression was Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Las Heras
limited westwards by the already Group, and 3) the Cretaceous Chubut
established San Bernardo Fold Belt, which Group.
rose up mainly in the Neogene (Rodriguez
Figure 3. Stratigraphy of the Golfo San Jorge Basin (based on Fitzgerald, et al., 1990; Legarreta et al., 1990;
Hechem and Strelkov, 2002)
Basement: The volcanic basement of identified in the subsurface of the GSJB.

the basin is strongly related to the regional In some areas of the Deseado Region,
process of extension and fragmentation volcanic rocks of Jurassic age reach up to
of the Gondwana supercontinent (Urien 2,000 meters (Homovc and Constantini,
et al., 1995) during Middle to Upper 2001). Further data on the Jurassic
Jurassic. These deposits are widely basement of the basin can be found in
distributed in the Deseado Region and Giacosa et al. (1998).
Northpatagonian Massif, in the northern Las Heras Group: In the uppermost
boundary of the GSJB and were also Jurassic and early Cretaceous a new
198 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 4. Syntethic lithostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the Golfo San Jorge Basin. Ages according
to Fitzgerald et al. (1990) and Bridge et al. (2000)
extensional episode occurred in the GSJB, and pyroclastic surges are extremely rare
with the conformation of E-W to NNW- (Bridge et al., 2000; Paredes et al., 2006a,
SSE striking half-grabens filled by up to 2007). The Chubut Group reach a
2.400 m of lacustrine successions. These thickness of almost 8,000 m in the
deposits are known as the «Neocomian subsurface of the basin, covering areas up
Basin» and consist of the Pozo Anticlinal to 180,000 km2 (Fitzgerald et al., 1990;
Aguada Bandera and Pozo Cerro Guadal Figari et al., 1999). It is integrated by the
Formations (Figure 4). These lithostratigra- lacustrine rocks of the Pozo D-129
phical units were defined in the subsurface Formation (Barremian to Aptian), which
of the GSJB, and they lack of exposures in were sourced from the north by large
the basin. Marine rocks of correlatable age fluvial systems known as Matasiete
westward of the GSJB (Fontana Lake, Formation (Sciutto, 1981; Paredes et al.,
Chubut Province) include the Katterfeld 2003c, 2004; 2006a, 2007; Paredes and
and Apeleg formations (Valanginian to Colombo, 2005). Both units are covered
Hauterivian); they are part of an extensio- by the Castillo Formation (Albian, Bridge
nal basin open to the west and related to et al. , 2000) which shows an abrupt
the intra-arc basins of Chile (Folguera and increase in their proportion of pyroclastic
Iannizzotto, 2004). Seismic sections of the rocks and was mostly deposited by
Las Heras Group in the Western Sector of multistorey, low-sinuosity fluvial systems
the GSJB show typical wedge-shaped and ephemeral rivers; however in the
reflectors and increase of their thickness subsurface meandering rivers and
to the fault planes, which support the syn- lacustrine environments were interpreted
rift nature of the Group (Strelkov et al., (Uliana and Legarreta, 1999). The Bajo
1992, 1994; Figari et al., 1996; Figari et Barreal Formation (Senomanian to
al., 1999; Jalfin et al., 1999). Analysis of Campanian?) contains well preserved
well-data and cores indicate that the dinosaur remains and have two members:
Aguada Bandera Formation mostly the Lower Member is equivalent to the
consists of black shales preserved in anoxic «Sección Tobácea» in the subsurface of
conditions, in a deep lacustrine environ- the basin, which at outcrops shows high
ment. The overlying Cerro Guadal Forma- pyroclastic content and has an upward
tion is a variably preserved succession of sandstone content, the Upper Member is
wedge-shaped sandstones of shallow composed by grey mudstones with
lacustrine origin (Barcat et al. , 1984; isolated channel sandbodies (Umazano et
Fitzgerald et al., 1990). One of the main al., 2008a). To the basin margin, the Upper
characteristics of the Group, when their Member of the Bajo Barreal Formation
deposits are compared to the overlying grades to the Laguna Palacios Formation
Chubut Group, is the scarcity of pyroclastic (Sciutto, 1981; Genise et al., 2002, 2007);
rocks in their constitution. which is characterized by the stacking of
Chubut Group: The Cretaceous pyroclastic paleosols and minor channels.
Chubut Group (Lesta and Ferello, 1972) The basal units of the Chubut Group (Pozo
was deposited during the early stages of D-129, Matasiete and part of the Castillo
evolution of the Andean Ranges, and Formation) were deposited coeval with an
contains high proportion of distal, ash-fall extensional and transtensional event, but
deposits reworked in lacustrine and fluvial remaining units show gradual variations
settings (Sciutto, 1981; Sciutto and in facies and thickness on a regional scale,
Martinez, 1996; Sciutto, 1999; Hechem suggesting regional (thermal) subsidence
and Strelkov, 2002; Hechem, 2003). (Figari et al., 1999).
Primary pyroclastic flows (e.g. ignimbrites)
200 PAREDES J. M.
TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY deposited over the Sarmiento Formation

Coeval with a global highstand stage or Río Chico Formation. This unit is in part
(Haq et al., 1987) recorded in a number coeval with the upper section of the
of Basins during the Upper Cretaceous, an Sarmiento Formation (Cohuehuapense
Atlantic marine transgression occurred in Member), deposited in a deep incised
the GSJB (Figure 5). The preserved rocks valley (Bellosi et al., 2002). The palynolo-
are known as the Salamanca Formation gical content of the Chenque Formation
(Ihering, 1907; Lesta and Ferello, 1972) suggests a Lower-to-Middle Miocene age
and represent platform and estuarine (Barreda and Palamarczuk, 2000). These
environments formed during a Maastric- marine sediments grade to high-sinuosity
htian to Danian time span. fluvial and aeolian deposits, known as
From the upper Danian to the Thane- Santa Cruz Formation or «Santacruciano»
tian, transitional and shallow marine envi- (Ameghino, 1889, 1898; Feruglio, 1949;
ronments (Feruglio, 1949) evolved to high- Lesta et al ., 1980), which has been
sinuosity fluvial deposits with paleosols assigned, according to radimetrical ages,
(Andreis et al., 1975) known as Río Chico to the Burdigalian-Langhian interval
Formation (Marshall et al., 1981; Marshall, (Feagle et al., 1995; Marshall et al., 1986).
1985). Towards the interior of the Basin, Since Middle Miocene times, the GSJB
facies of this unit are laterally related to has been subjected to an erosive regime
pyroclastic events (Tobas de Koluel Kaike) related to the elevation of the Andean
that have been assigned to the Sarmiento Ranges and to an overall fall in the sea
Formation (Legarreta et al., 1990). level. The «Rodados Tehuelches» consti-
From lower Eocene to early Miocene tute high-energy fluvial systems associated
times, extensive tuff deposits known as with the melting of extensive glaciations
Sarmiento Formation were deposited in a in Pliocene and Pleistocene times.
low-gradient continental setting,
(Ameghino, 1906; Windhausen, 1924; GOLFO SAN JORGE BASIN:
Feruglio, 1938). These deposits represent STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
distal products of the Andean Magmatic
Arc activity and their reworking by fluvial The GSJB has been divided according
and aeolian systems. Their wide distribu- to its structural style (Figari et al., 1999)
tion and abundant mastological content into five major regions (Figure 6). Three
as well as numerous internal unconformi- of these regions are in the Eastern Sector
ties showing replacement of faunal of the Basin (North Flank, Center of Basin
association have allowed us to produce a and South Flank), where an extensional
subdivision with chronostratigraphic value, style prevails (Giacosa et al., 2003, 2004;
defining different «Land Mammal Ages» Foix et al., 2008). West of this area, is the
(Simpson, 1940, 1948, 1967; Marshall et San Bernardo Fold Belt, which has a NNW-
al., 1983, 1986; Bellosi, 2005), which is SSE orientation and which rose up mainly
commonly used as a reference chart in during Neogene times (Rodriguez and
South America. Littke, 2001). The fifth region, called the
The Chenque Formation (Bellosi, Western Sector, is located further west of
1990a, b, 1995, 1996; Bellosi and Barreda, the Fold Belt and is dominated by
1993), formerly known as «Patagoniano» extensional structures (Clavijo, 1986), or
or «Patagoniense» (Windhausen, 1924; with little evidence of positive tectonic
Frenguelli, 1929; Feruglio, 1949) was inversion (Figari et al., 1996).
Figure 5. Synthetic section, log response and major environments of the Tertiary in the Eastern Sector of the
Golfo San Jorge Basin. Log profiles are SP (left) and ILD (right). The Salamanca Formation in the Eastern
Sector is about 170 m thick, it reduces their thickness to the west, and it is not found westward of the
present position of the San Bernardo Fold Belt. After Legarreta and Uliana (1994) and Paredes (2003b).
Eastern Sector: The Eastern Sector of important subject in the early decades of
the GSJB is characterized by an extensional 20th century. Those studies were carried
tectonic setting. Typical structures are out by oil geologists, trying to improve the
high-angle, WNW–ESE striking, listric finding and recovery of oil (Windhausen,
normal faults that reach down the 1924; Fossa-Mancini, 1931, 1932, 1935;
basement. The North Flank is steeper than Feruglio, 1930, 1950). Most of those
the southern one, where major normal studies emphasized the importance of the
faults dip SW. faults for the localization of oil reservoirs,
The study of the Tertiary tectonics in highlighting the recurrent activity of the
the Eastern Sector of the GSJB was an faults and their influence on the present
202 PAREDES J. M.
geomorphology. Feruglio (1930) reported San Bernardo Fold Belt: The San
the presence of 10 faults in the subsurface Bernardo Fold Belt is characterized by a
and a normal fault with a throw of 21 NNW-SSE striking band of compressional
meters affecting Lower Miocene marine structures more than 600 km long and 100
rocks at the north slope of the Viteau Hill km wide. The group of ranges extends
(subsequently known such as «a» fault). from the southern margin of the
In that work, the geometrical characteris- Northpatagonian Massif, crosses the GSJB
tics of some of the main faults of the North and finally reaches the central part of the
Flank were presented. Fossa-Mancini Deseado Region, being considered a main
(1935, Figures 8 and 9) indicated that the morphostructural element in the central
throws of the normal faults in the North area of the Santa Cruz and Chubut
Flank increased in depth, which led him provinces. The origin of the Fold Belt is
to develop the concept of «active fault», the result of Tertiary tectonic reactivation
a term exactly equivalent to «growth of Jurassic to Early Cretaceous normal
fault» in the current scientific literature. faults (Homovc et al., 1995). It is
After these studies, as the oil characterized by wide, asymmetrical
production shifted to Cretaceous rocks, anticlines and broad synclines, the former
the main subject of research was focused associated to high-angle, reverse faults at
in the Mesozoic rocks. The development depth (Peroni et al., 1995). Two main fault
of the pools, a large number of exploratory systems are found in the subsurface of the
wells and the development and Fold Belt; 1) WNW-ESE striking normal
improvement on the quality of seismic faults that do not show tectonic inversion
surveys allowed us to recognize an early or with subtle reactivation during the
stage of extensional tectonics in Early Tertiary compresion, and 2) NNE-SSW
Cretaceous times and minor reactivations striking faults, these faults were originally
during the Upper Cretaceous and the normal faults but at present show strong
Tertiary. Episodes of reactivation of positive inversion (Figari et al. , 1999;
faulting have been invoked as a control in Sanagua, et al., 2002). Most of the folds
the development of the two transgressive are sinuous or sub parallel, and show
events of the GSJB (Chelotti, 1997; Figari variable displacement of the faults along
et al., 1999). Foix and Paredes (2004) and strike, which commonly causes double-
Foix et al. (2006, 2008) recognized syn- plunging anticlines. The link between the
sedimentary faulting during the deposition main structures is provided by faults and
of the Salamanca Formation using folds of smaller scale oriented at oblique
subsurface and outcrop information. The angle. Many of the large anticlines present
Lower Miocene Chenque Formation internal complexities related to strike-slip
(Bellosi, 1990a) also contains synsedimen- faults, which produce displacement of the
tary normal faults. The later are high-angle axis fold or wide zones of intense
(> 70º) normal faults with dip-slip fracturation and fluid migration (e.g. Sierra
displacements around 10-40 meters, Silva). The western margin of the Fold Belt
which affected until «Superpatagoniense» is abrupt and defined by a sharp increasing
strata, suggesting the persistence of in the structural relief along steep fold
extensional tectonic up to late early limbs or reverse faults (Fitzgerald et al.,
Miocene (Giacosa et al., 2003, 2004, 1990). Their eastern margin displays a
2005b). more gradual loss of structural relief across
a zone where the folds interfere with east-
west oriented normal fault blocks (Peroni
et al., 1995). The age of generation of the reduced intensity. Some of the main
Fold Belt has been widely debated, and normal faults imaged in seismic surveys
most of the studies agreed that the main display normal displacement in rocks of the
uplifting event occurred during Neogene Chenque Formation (Lower Miocene).
times (Chelotti, 1997; Rodriguez and Reactivation of the Cretaceous normal
Littke, 2001). Some data suggest that the faults during the Tertiary compressional
first uplifting phase of the Fold Belt can stage is mainly related to the original
be as old as late Cretaceous (Lesta et al., orientation of the fault in relation to the
1980) or Paleocene (Paredes et al., 2006c). maximum W-E field stress. Those faults
The marine ingression of Paleocene age is oriented at high-angle (e.g. NNW-SSE) are
limited westward by the present location prone to be reactivated by compression
of the Fold Belt, which suggest that it or transpression, on the other hand, those
should be a positive feature in the faults oriented WNW-ESE are likely to be
Paleocene. reactivated as strike-slip faults during the
compressional stage.
Western Sector: In spite of their
proximity to the Andean Ranges, the MONDAY- SEPTEMBER, 31TH
Western Sector is characterized by EASTERN SECTOR OF THE
extensional conditions (Clavijo, 1986),
although some faults show evidence of
GOLFO SAN JORGE BASIN
positive tectonic inversion (Figari et al.,
1996, 1999). WNW-ESE, NW-SE and STOP 1. ROADCUT IN THE
NNW-SSE striking normal faults can be EL TRÉBOL CANYON
found in this area, the majority of their
G ENERAL VIEW OF THE EXPOSURE
fault planes dip NE. The location and dip
Objetives
orientation of fault planes in the Western Lithofacies, lithofacies association of the channel
Sector produces an asymmetrical cross fill
section, with the southern margin more Architectural elements
abrupt than the northern one. The half- Syn-sedimentary, deformational features
Channel fill evolution
grabens are filled mostly by lacustrine Location
facies of the Las Heras Group (Neocomian), Eastern Sector of the GSJB
which show important thickness variations Lithostratigraphical unit
and geometries that evidence deposition Santa Cruz Formation, Middle Miocene (18-12
My)
during periods of fault activity. The main
source rock in the Western Sector are black The Eastern Sector of the GSJB is
shales of the Aguada Bandera Formation, characterized by Tertiary sedimentary
lacustrine facies of the Pozo D-129 rocks, exposed mostly with sub-horizontal
Formation contain high proportion of appearance. The marine Chenque
pyroclastic rocks and show low content of Formation is the most widely distributed
organic matter. The overlying Chubut unit in the Eastern Sector, and is
Group shows more gradual thickness outcropped around the Comodoro
variations, but decreases their thickness to Rivadavia city. The Chenque Formation
the west. The western margin of the basin (Bellosi, 1990a), formerly known as
is sharp, and limited by NNW-SSE striking «Patagoniano» or «Patagoniense»
normal faults (Fitzgerald et al., 1990). (Windhausen, 1924; Frenguelli, 1929;
Extensional conditions persisted through Feruglio, 1949) was deposited in the North
the Cretaceous and Tertiary, but with Flank of the Basin over the Sarmiento
204 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 6. Structural domains of the Golfo San Jorge Basin. (A) Map of the main faults and folds of the basin.
(B) Major structural subdivisions and regional seismic sections in the Golfo San Jorge Basin. Extensional
features dominate the Eastern Sector of the Basin (B-B´ seismic line) and the Western Sector (A-A´ seismic
line), where subtle evidence of positive inversion is also observed. The E-W section (C-C´ seismic section)
shows the San Bernardo Fold Belt in the center and the increases in thickness of the Cretaceous Chubut
Group («Chubutiano») to the east (after Figari et al., 1999; Hechem and Strelkov, 2002). The Lower Cretaceous
Las Heras Group («Neocomiano») is mostly preserved in the Western Sector and in the subsurface of the San
Bernardo Fold Belt.
Formation, a succession of fine, white Our visit will be restricted to outcrops

colored tuffs exposed northward of the belonging to the Santa Cruz Formation.
Comodoro Rivadavia city. The Chenque The visited road cut provides a good
Formation consists of a 350-500 m thick opportunity to describe and discuss
bioclastic and siliciclastic succession, beautifully preserved sedimentary
characterized by the presence of bioclastic structures in a multistorey channel fill.
accumulations and tidal-and-storm Lateral variation in the scale of dunes and
processes (Bellosi, 1990a, b, 1995, 1996, bars will be analyzed, as well as variations
2000; Bellosi and Barreda, 1993). Their in the transport directions of single
deposits have been divided into five channels. As we will see along the Field
depositional sequences composed of Trip, the quality of preservation and variety
transgressive and highstand systems tracts of sedimentary structures in the Santa Cruz
(Paredes, 2002, 2003a, b). The unit is in Formation is much better than those of
part coeval with the upper section of the the remaining units in the Basin, mostly
Sarmiento Formation (Cohuehuapense due to their lower pyroclastic content.
Member), deposited to the west in a deep
incised valley (Bellosi et al., 2002). The STOP 2. ROADCUT IN THE EL TRÉBOL
palynological content of the Chenque CAÑADÓN (OR PAMPA DEL CASTILLO)
Formation suggests a lower-to-middle
Miocene age (Barreda and Palamarczuk, LOCATION IN REGIONAL MAPS, GENERAL VIEW
2000a, b). These marine sediments grade Objetives
Composition and textural features of gravel
to high-sinuosity fluvial and aeolian
deposits. Cementation processes by carbonates
deposits, known as the Santa Cruz Discusión on the origin of the gravel sheets
Formation or «Santacruciano» Location
(Ameghino, 1898; Feruglio, 1949; Lesta Eastern Sector of the GSJB
Lithostratigraphical unit
et al., 1980), which has been assigned,
«Rodados Tehuelches» (Pliocene to Pleistocene)
according to radimetrical ages, to the
Burdigalian-Langhian interval (Feagle et al., In the southern Chubut and northern
1995; Marshall et al., 1986). The mammal Santa Cruz a large portion of the Extra-
content of the Santa Cruz Formation Andean Patagonia is covered with rodados
allowed us to define the «Santacrucence» (rounded cobbles) of fluvio-glacial origin,
Mammal Age (Marshall et al., 1983) with known as «Rodados Patagónicos» or
ages of late Early Miocene to Middle «Rodados Tehuelches» (Frenguelli, 1931;
Miocene. For a more detailed review of Caldenius, 1932; Feruglio, 1949). The
antecedents of the Santa Cruz Formation thickness of the unit varies from 3 to 20
see Marshall et al. (1986); Legarreta et al. meters and show regional distribution,
(1990); Legarreta and Uliana (1994); covering up to 50,000 km2 of Central
Bellosi 1995). The Santa Cruz Formation Patagonia.
in the Eastern Sector of the GSJB is mostly The main characteristics of these
composed of grey sandstones and gravelly beds are the rounded to well-
mudstones, with minor proportion of tuff rounded shape of the clasts, development
deposits. Most of their deposits represent of graded bedding or cross-bedding and
meandering and low-sinuosity fluvial common cementation by carbonates,
channel-fills and floodplain deposits, tephra or caolin. Clasts consist mainly of
locally containing organic-rich facies siliceous pebbles derived from acid volcanic
preserved in a palustrine environment and rocks. Deep ice-wedge casts (some up to
field dunes of aeolian origin (Feruglio, 3 m) are related to cryogenic effects (Vogt,
1949; Bellosi and Jalfin, 1996). 1990; Vogt and Del Valle, 1994). The
206 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 7. Main characteristics of Miocene sedimentary rocks in the Golfo San Jorge Basin.
Figure 8. Outcrop view and selected features of the visited multistorey channel-fill of the Santa Cruz Formation.
(A) General (partial) view of the sandbodies. The width of the exposure is 14 m. (B) Lateral-oblique bar
migration, with numerous sets of inclined strata sharply cut by a channel fill. The inferred transport direction
of the channel is orthogonal to the exposed surface. Hammer is 0.3 m long. (C) Aggradational toe-bar and
coeval channel fill. Note the massive nature of the channel fill (D) Fine-grained, light colored mudstone
strata preserved into the channel fill. The mudstone deposition has likely occurred during low-flood flow
stages. (E) Convolute bedding preserved in a single, 1 m thick strata. Soft-sediment deformation structures
have been attributed to pore-pressure changes, caused by fluid escape during fluidization and liquefaction.
(F) Close-up of Fig. 8(a) showing the asymptotic basal contact of bedding surfaces onto plane-laminated
strata. The upper surface of the bar is defined by fine-laminated strata. Sigmoidal geometries are related to
large quantities of suspended material into the flow. (G) Complex stacking of cross-sets in the marginal part
of an oblique bar. The lower part of the picture shows a high-angle (up to 25°) frontal-oblique migration of
a mid-channel bar.
208 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 9. Fluvial architecture of the visited multistorey channel (Stop 1). Arrows represent the main paleocurrent
value at each point, the North is up to the figure.
genesis of the carbonate cement of the tical studies combining radar images, GPR,
Rodados has been long debated, due to techniques of architectural analysis and
the lack of large exposures of carbonate detailed planimetrical-morphological
rock in the GSJB. Vogt and Del valle (1994) studies have been carried out in the
demonstrated that the accumulation of silt Rodados Patagónicos.
and calcareous dust took place during cold
(glacial) stages. During low sea-level stages STOP 3. ROADCUT - BAJADA
wide regressions favored the emergence DE LA GERMANA
of the highly carbonaceous continental
platform with rocks of the Chenque G ENERAL VIEW – PANORAMIC POINT
Formation (Lower Miocene), which Objetives
Vertical evolution from shallow marine
supplied large amounts of fine carbona-
(estuarine) beds to tide-influenced fluvial
ceous dust, later removed by wind action. channels.
These outwash deposits of fluvio- Bi-dimensional variation in architectural
glacial origin correspond to at least three elements.
Location
main glacial cycles (three different
Eastern Sector of the GSJB
glaciations) that affected the Andean Lithostratigraphical units
Ranges. The different levels or «Pampas» Chenque and Santa Cruz Formations (Miocene)
show a well developed pattern of terraces,
associated to the uplift of Central
Patagonia during the Pliocene and STOP 4. ROADCUT (ROAD 26, KM. 70,
Pleistocene (Cesari et al., 1986; Cesari and NEAR CERRO DRAGÓN)
Simeoni, 1994). The main levels are
separated each other by up to 100 meters, G ENERAL VIEW OF THE EXPOSURE
and show several intermediate levels, Objetives
associated to higher-frequency climatic Volcaniclastic sedimentation proximal to the
vent: Lahar, base surge and scoriaceous breccia
cycles that occurred during inter-glacial deposits. Ballistic bombs of basaltic composition
stages. The highest level of fluvioglacial Location
plain corresponds to the Pampa del Eastern sector of the GSJB (close to the boundary
Castillo, which reach up to 750 m a.s.l. with the San Bernardo Fold Belt)
near Comodoro Rivadavia. The plateau Sarmiento Formation (Middle Eocene- Lower
gently descends in steps from SW to NE Miocene)
and from 750 m to 90 m (Pampa del
Castillo: 750-590m; Pampa de Salamanca: The Sarmiento Formation (middle
590-500m; Pampa de Malaspina: 500- Eocene to Early Miocene) represents the
350m; Meseta de Montemayor: 350-200; distal record of the activity of the Andean
Puerto Madryn: 125-90m (Vogt and Del volcanic arc in central Patagonia, mainly
Valle, 1994). Palaeocurrent data obtained dominated by accumulation and
in the Pampa del Castillo plain show a reworking of fine ash in a low-gradient
mean average of 83°; instead the continental setting during 25 M.y.
Malaespina and Montemayor plains have (Mazzoni, 1985; Bellosi et al., 2002; Bellosi
a mean average of 18° and 6°, respectively and Madden, 2005; Bellosi, 2005).The unit
(Beltramone and Meinster, 1992). contains one of the richest mammal
The distribution and main sedimentolo- assemblages of Eocene to early Miocene
gical features of these glacifluvial plains age of South America (Pascual and
have been analyzed from a geomorpholo- Odreman Rivas, 1973; Marshall et al.,
gical point of view. Until now, no systema- 1977; Marshall and Pascual, 1978;
210 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 10. Distribution of the Pliocene to Pleistocene «Rodados Patagónicos» in Patagonia Central (after
Cesari and Simeoni, 1994).
Figure 11. Typical exposure of gravels beds of the Rodados Patagónicos, the eroded substrate belong to the
Santa Cruz Formation.
Figure 12. Topographical cross-sections (A-E) of selected levels of the «Rodados Patagonicos». There are
three (or four?) main terraced levels, separated each other by more than 100 meters of vertical relief. However,
in several of the sections there are intermediate levels between the main terraces. Note that the terraced
levels of the Pampa del Castillo are up to 750 m of altitude. At present, no convincing mechanism for the
rapid elevation of the eastern plains has been invoked. Location of the sections in Fig. 11.
212 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 13. Detailed stratigraphical section from the uppermost strata of the estuarine Chenque Formation
and the basal strata of the Santa Cruz Formation at Bajada de las Germanas, Chubut. The (A) strata are used
as a reference level. Note lateral variations in the sedimentary characteristics of the sandstone strata of the
road cut.
Figure 14. Schematic representation of part of the succession exposed at Bajada de las Germanas. For
simplicity, only the sandstone bodies considered as part of the Santa Cruz Formation were represented.
214 PAREDES J. M.
Marshall et al., 1986; Legarreta and Uliana, fallout of ballistic bombs over base surge
1994). Unconformity-bounded packages and scoriaceous deposits, which produced
containing distinct mammal associations bedding sags in the plastic lapilli. These
or climatically-controlled features were deposits constitute the first published
used to define nine main packages in the record of explosive volcanism (Strombo-
most complete section of the Sarmiento lian) associated to the emplacement of the
Formation at Gran Barranca (Bellosi, Oligocene alkaline volcanic rocks in the
2005). GSJB, generally considered as subintrusive
Intraplate volcanism takes place in the or hypabissal intrusions (Paredes et al.,
GSJB during the deposition of the 2006b, 2008).
Sarmiento Formation, and shallow In this stop we will see the main
intrusives and basaltic lava flows occurs. lithological characteristics of a proximal
Several intrusive rocks of Eocene- volcaniclastic succession of basaltic
Oligocene age have been identified in the composition, with well-preserved volcanic
field and subsurface of the basin (Ferello, bombs deforming a still plastic substrate.
1969; Bitschene et al., 1991; Chelotti et Changes in the water (steam) content, the
al., 1996) and they have been always energy of the eruptive process, and a
considered as subintrusive or hypabissal discussion on the eruptive mechanisms will
intrusives. Sciutto et al. (2000) provided a also be highlighted.
detailed review of antecedents, distribu-
tion and general considerations of the STOP 5. TOBAS DE KOLUEL KAIKE –
Sarmiento Formation. A review of occu- BAJADA DEL VALLE HERMOSO
rrence of basaltic rocks of Cenozoic age
in central Patagonia was provided by Panza PANORAMIC POINT
and Franchi (2002). Objetives
An exposure of basaltic volcaniclastic Physical relationships between Tertiary
formations at Bajada del Valle Hermoso.
deposits will be visited in the proximity of Aggradational stacking of tuffaceous paleosols.
the Cerro Dragón intrusive rocks. These Mn-Fe nodules in the Pique de Manganeso
deposits consist of eight volcaniclastic Location
lithofacies, organized in three distinct San Bernardo Fold Belt- Delta of Sarmiento
lithofacies association: volcaniclastic debris Uppermost unit of the Río Chico Formation
flow (lahar), base surge, and scoriaceous (Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene?)
breccias of a strombolian-style eruption.
Explosive volcanism is evidenced by the
Figure 15. Inferred volcanic scenario for the analyzed volcaniclastic succession (Paredes et al., 2008).
Figure 16. Photomicrographs (parallel nicols) of volcaniclastic lithofacies of the Sarmiento Formation. (A)
Photomicrographs of lapilli-sized matrix of base surge deposits (lithofacies LF4). Rounded, basaltic-lithic
grain (Lv) with porphyritic texture contains oriented plagioclase crystals (Pl) and small vesicles (V). (B)
Photomicrographs of base surge deposits (lithofacies LF 2). In the center, a basal section of clinopyroxen
crystal is rounded by strongly altered volcanic glass (Ga). (C) Photomicrographs of the volcanic bomb of Fig.
8e (lithofacies LF 5). In the center, dark fresh volcanic glass (Gf) and prismatic sections of clinopyroxen
crystals (Py), both rounded by strongly altered volcanic glass (Ga). (D) Photomicrographs of lapilli-sized
matrix of the scoriaceous breccia (LF 8). Basaltic lithic in the center of the picture show elongate, plagioclase
crystals (Pl) with altered margins. These are rounded by a pervasive, opaque matrix with abundant content in
iron oxides.
Tobas de Koluel Kaike

The «Tobas Kaike» or Koluel of the paleosols is the abundance of Mn-
Kaike Formation (Feruglio, 1938) is a pale- Fe concretions and nodules, well defined
grey to reddish succession that reach 50 horizons with mottles, slickensides and
m of thickness. The unit was deposited roots. Hydromorphic processes dominate
during the Thanetian-Ypresian time span along the unit. Mn, Fe and Fe-Mn nodules
(58.5-49.5 m.a.) in the marginal areas of and concretions are related to the variable
the GSJB (Windhausen, 1924; Legarreta mobility (and precipitation) of both cations
et al., 1990) and consists mostly of an by fluctuating soil-moisture (Krause et al.,
aggradational succession of silicified 2008). The unit was mostly deposited in a
pyroclastic mudstones and bentonites with low-gradient continental area with
abundance of paleosols. Paleosols are abundance of ephemeral, shallow lakes
Ultisols and Andisols (Krause and Bellosi, formed in a warm humid and seasonal
2006; Krause et al., 2008). A main feature climate.
216 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 17. Volcaniclastic deposits near Baltazar Restaurante. (A) Unsorted lapilli and blocks with dense,
angular basaltic fragments. White arrow points to a pen 13 cm long. (B) Variable-vesiculated basaltic fragment
incorporated into the debris flow. Note the increase in the degree of vesiculation from the crust to the centre
of the fragment. Below (arrow) a dense, rounded, basaltic lithic fragment. Hammer is 0.3 m long. (C) Sharp
contact (arrow) between the lahar deposit and plane-stratified lapilli. Lapilli with antidune bedding are
displayed in the upper part of the picture. Flow is from left to right. Scale graduated in centimeters. (D)
Migration of low relief, large wavelength dunes with subtle variations in thickness of laminae or strata. Local
deformation of strata (arrows) is produced by fallout of basaltic bombs. (E) Rounded lithic fragment of tuff
incorporated to the breccia. It is suggested that the fragments was rounded by abrasion into the vent. (F)
Thermally altered lithic fragment of tuff, coated with vesiculated basalts. Note the cracks of the tuff fragment,
due to heating and later cooling of the ejected material. (G) Fusiform volcanic bomb of poorly-consolidated
basalts. (H) Volcanic bomb of previously consolidated, dense, basaltic material.
Figure 18. Outcrop view and measured stratigraphic sections realized at Stop 4. Lithofacies are indicated
left of the profiles. Maximum particle size = mean of 10 largest clasts per bed at station (Paredes et al.,
2006b, 2008).
218 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 19. Outcrop view of the «Tobas de Koluel Kaike» in the Bajada del Valle Hermoso. Tabular strata are
deeply-altered tuffs, which show abundance of Mn-Fe nodules (inset).
ted on their main characteristics. This

TUESDAY- SEPTEMBER, 1ST – author was the first to recognize the lateral
MATASIETE CANYON (SAN relation between the Matasiete Formation
BERNARDO FOLD BELT) and the lacustrine Pozo D-129 Formation,
and interpreted the former as a meande-
During the second day of the Field Trip ring high-energy fluvial system. Galeazzi
we are visiting the oldest fluvial systems (1989) described the sedimentology of the
of the Chubut Group (Matasiete Forma- Matasiete Formation in the southern part
tion, Aptian) in the Matasiete Canyon. of Matasiete Canyon, and proposed a
subdivision of this formation into two
The Matasiete Formation is exposed depositional sequences (the Lower and
in the San Bernardo Fold Belt as isolated Middle Members are included in Sequence
outcrops in the cores of asymmetrical 1 and the Upper Member is equivalent to
anticlines. The Matasiete Formation (Lesta Sequence 2). He attributed changes in
and Ferello, 1972) was originally named channel geometry within the Matasiete
«Reddish Sandstones and Tuffs» by Formation to base-level variations. The
Feruglio (1949). Lesta and Ferello (1972) fluvial systems were considered to be
identified three Members (Lower, Middle braided in the lower sequence and fully
and Upper) based on the ratio of lacustrine to meandering in the upper
sandstone bodies to floodplain suites. sequence (Galeazzi, 1989). Recent re-
Sciutto (1981) provided details of the search on the unit (Paredes and Colombo,
distribution of these units in outcrops of 2005; Paredes et al., 2003, 2004, 2006a,
the San Bernardo Fold Belt and commen- 2007) have improved the knowledge of
the unit through detailed measurements channels with meandering behavior reveal
of sections and size of channels, and the occasional desiccation of the channel bed.
study of paleosols. The Lower Member is Paleosols analyzed in the floodplain of the
only exposed in the Matasiete Canyon and Upper Member could be considered as
consists of a 205 m thick section, with vertisols, due to the presence of deep
three main channel belts separated by desiccation cracks and slickensides, as well
thick floodplain deposits. Most channels as the abundance of carbonate
of this Member are coarse-grained (pebble concretions and caliche horizons. These
conglomerates and coarse sandstones), features reflect oscillations of the water
with low dispersion (< 50º) of paleo- table, an excess of alkaline solutions and
current. However, the channels belts show a semiarid (seasonal) climate. The absence
near-orthogonal changes in paleoflow of coal and the low organic-matter
directions. In-channel dunes are common content suggest variable runoff and
in single and multistorey channels. They degradation of organic matter during dry
display rare fining-upward trends and seasons. Tree trunks up to 1 m in diameter
occasional sedimentary structures gene- and 15 m long, preferentially located near
rated under low-velocity conditions. channel margins, provide evidence for
Desiccation cracks are preserved on top vegetated riverbanks.
of some multistorey channels, suggesting
variable runoff and complete desiccation GEOLOGY OF THE
of the channel bed. Most channels are MATASIETE CANYON
straight and appear to have migrated by
avulsion during floods. The Middle
Member is also exposed in the Matasiete
STOP 6. GEOLOGY OF THE
Canyon and consists of a 215 m thick MATASIETE CANYON

section dominated by floodplain deposi-
G ENERAL VIEW OF THE LANDSCAPE
tion in laterally extensive, very shallow Objetives
waters or in vegetated lowlands. Several Structural geology of the area. Field evidence of
sandbodies are coarse-grained, lenticular, tectonic inversion of Cretaceous depocenters.
and have no diagnostic features. The Main features of the Upper Cretaceous Bajo
Barreal Formation
paleotransport direction was to the south, Location
and most of the bodies display low Matasiete Canyon - San Bernardo Fold Belt
paleocurrent variability. The W/T ratio is Lithostratigraphical units
variable through the Member, but the Chubut Group (Cretaceous)
largest W/T ratio is recorded directly on
top of tabular, pyroclastic surges, which
appear to have provoked a modification STOP 7. LOWER MEMBER OF
of the channels from narrow ribbons to THE MATASIETE FORMATION
wider and shallower braided rivers. The AT PUESTO DE NEME
Upper Member consists of a 230 m thick
section containing isolated sandbodies G ENERAL VIEW OF THE L OWER MEMBER
Objetives
encased in thick red-colored floodplain
Lithofacies and lithofacies associations (channel,
deposits. Channels with straight, proximal and distal floodplain. Pyroclastic
meandering or braided behavior are paleosols
recorded in different sections of the Location
Member at the San Bernardo Fold Belt. Matasiete Canyon - San Bernardo Fold Belt
Transportation was to the south with a Lower Member of the Matasiete Fm (Aptian)
considerable dispersion in individual
sandbodies. The scarce multistorey
220 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 20. Exposures of the Matasiete Formation and the coeval Pozo D-129 Formation in the San Bernardo
Fold Belt. In most of the sections, only the Upper Member is exposed in the core of eroded anticlines.
222 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 21. Synthetic stratigraphic section of the Matasiete Formation at Matasiete Canyon. The Lower,
Middle and Upper Members are defined according to the ratio of floodplain fines over channelized facies.
The stratigraphic distribution of the sandbodies and their W/T ratio is indicated. The sandbodie labelled with
letter (A) is a braided sandbodie with the highests W/T ratio, deposited on top of a 3.5 m thick tuff strata
(Paredes et al., 2007).
224 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 22. Tectonic inversion of Cretaceous depocenters in the San Bernardo Fold Belt (A) Model for the
generation of asymmetrical anticlines associated to the positive inversion of previous normal faults. (B)
Panoramic view of the Matasiete, Castillo and Bajo Barreal Formations and sketch with physical relationship
between Cretaceous formations in the Matasiete Canyon.
STOP 8. MATASIETE CANYON – LOWER STOP 9.

MEMBER
(A) Middle Member of the Matasiete
G ENERAL VIEW OF THE OUTCROP Formation
Objetives
Fluvial architecture of the Lower Member Main G ENERAL VIEW OF THE MEDIUM MEMBER
features of well-exposed channels. Desiccation Objetives
cracks on top of channel fillGeneral view of the Lithofacies and distribution of volcaniclastic flow
Middle Member. (ground-surge) deposits interbedded in the
Location epiclastic succession.
San Bernardo Fold Belt – Matasiete Canyon Location
Lithostratigraphical unit San Bernardo Fold Belt - Matasiete Canyon
Lower and Middle Mb. of the Matasiete Fm. Lithostratigraphical unit
Middle Member of the Matasiete Fm (Aptian)
Figure 23. Stratigraphical section of part of the Lower Member of the Matasiete Formation at Puesto de
Neme (after Paredes et al., 2003).
(B) Upper Member of the Matasiete channels and the relationship between
Formation episodic input of pyroclastic supply, fluvial
Due to complex access to the analyzed dynamics and sandbody geometries.
outcrop, observations will be realized using
G ENERAL VIEW OF THE EXPOSURES
binoculars. From the observation point it
Objetives
is possible to recognize several thick Braided and meandering fluvial systems Impact
sandbodies with lenticular geometries in of pyroclastic deposition on the nature and
the Upper Member. Most of them share geometry of channels
Location
many characteristics with those observed
Matasiete Canyon - San Bernardo Fold Belt
during the first part of the day, but there Lithostratigraphical unit
are two unusual sandbodies. The aim in Upper Member of the Matasiete Fm. (Aptian)
this point is to discuss the nature of those
226 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 24. Features of the Lower Member of the Matasiete Formation at Puesto de Neme (Stop 7). (A)
General view of the fluvial succession. Numbers 1 to 4 are the main sandbodies, as indicated in the previous
page. (B,C) Oriented trunks (voids) preserved in channel fill deposits. The hammer is 0.3 m long. Trunks
shown are up to 0.5 m in diameter and reach 15 m long. (D) Rooted white tuff, also containing meniscate
fossil traces. Bioturbation increases towards the top, while the base contains parallel lamination. The pen is
13 cm long. (E) Multi-storey sandbody. The dotted line marks a prominent erosional surface that separates
single channel-fill events. (F) Sandstone lobes between fine-grained mudstones on top of a major channel
sandbodies.
Figure 25. Line drawing of the multi-storey sandbodie (N° 4) in the Lower Member. The picture was taken
from the southwest. Three fining-upward facies associations are recognized, showing the migration of dunes
toward the northeast. The complex nature of the channelized infil is evident from stratigraphic sections
realized in different locations of the channel. A person encircled for scale After Paredes et al. (2003).
228 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 26. Stratigraphical section of the upper part of the Lower Member and the Middle Member of the
Matasiete Formation. Note the reduction in the sandstone content in the Middle Member. Lithofacies code
are indicated left of the stratigraphical section in capital letters. Paredes et al. (2003)
Figure 27. (A) General view and spatial relationships between channels and floodplain deposits in the
medium section of the Lower Member. The boxed sandbody is the multistorey channel visited in Stop 7. (B)
Photomosaic of a selected fixed, straight, multistorey sandbody, Lower Member in Matasiete Canyon. (C)
Interpretation and distribution of paleocurrent data. (D) Measured section of the multi-storey sandbody and
lithofacies details. (after Paredes et al. 2007)
230 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 28. Pyroclastic surges in the uppermost part of the Middle Member at Matasiete Canyon (Stop 9). (A)
General location of the pyroclastic surges (PS) and position of the surges along the eastern limb of the
anticline. (B) Stratigraphic section of ground-surge deposits. (C) Photomicrograph of finely laminated tuff
(LF12) with cuspate Y-shaped shards and plagioclase fragments (arrow). Scale bar is 0.5 mm (D)
Photomicrograph of accretionary lapilli, rim-type, from the basal section of the pyroclastic surge. The coarse
grained core is coated by at least seven layers of progressively finer-grained, darker, ash. Scale bar is 1 mm.
Figure 29. Multistorey meandering fluvial channel from Upper Member in Matasiete Canyon (location in
Fig. 21). (A,B) Photomosaic and interpretation of the sandbodie. LF7 represent large-scale inclined surfaces
that separated single episodes of infill of the channel. A braided channel is present on top of the white,
tabular tuff shown in the lower part of the picture. (C) Measured section and paleocurrent data. Upper
picture shows root impressions at the base of the channel. Lower picture shows details of sandstone lobes
preserved in the margin of the channel. Hammer is 0.3 m long. (Paredes et al., 2007).
232 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 30. (A) Width to Thickness ratio of fluvial sandbodies of the Matasiete and Castillo formations at
Matasiete Canyon. The data reflect a reduction of sediment supply during the deposition of the Castillo
Formation and changes in the geometries of the sandbodies. (B) Geometry of the fluvial sandbodies and
their relation to the supply of pyroclastic material. During inter-eruptive stages single or multistorey channels
are carved in an epiclastic floodplain, they show straight and rare meandering patterns. Channels are wider
and display a braided pattern during –an inmediately after- pyroclastic supply events. (Paredes et al., 2007).
Figure 31. Current Volcaniclastic Models For Proximal Volcanic Setting (Smith, 1991): Developed facies
models have shown that during syn-eruptive stages rapid aggradation of the topographical surface is achieved,
flows are commonly hyperconcentrated to debris-flows and rivers frequently show a braided pattern, with
high proportion of primary pyroclastic components in their constitution. During inter-eruptive periods, incision
and reworking of the poorly consolidated tephra by dilute flows take place, with smaller, low sinuosity to
meandering rivers, and more diverse (volcanic and non-volcanic) lithologies (Smith, 1988, 1991; Critelli and
Ingersoll, 1995; Bahk and Chough, 1996).
234 PAREDES J. M.
WEDNESDAY- SEPTEMBER, subdivision is based on subsurface data.

ND
2 – SIERRA SILVA ANTICLINE Regional facies distribution in the
(SAN BERNARDO FOLD BELT) lacustrine Pozo D-129 Formation suggests
a provenance of clastics from the North
Patagonian and Deseado regions (Figari et
STOP 10. CERRO CHENQUE IN THE al., 1999), in an East-West elongate basin
SIERRA SILVA ANTICLINE with main depocenters parallel to major
normal faults. An increase in pyroclastic
G ENERAL VIEW OF THE C RETACEOUS S TRATIGRAPHY AND
TECTONIC STRUCTURES
content towards the Western Sector was
Objetives attributed to early volcanic activity in the
Structural geology of the Sierra Silva, tectonic Andean Ranges (Folguera and Iannizzotto,
positive inversion and transpressive features.
2004).
Fault and associated folds, units involved in the
deformation, fault zones. Clavijo (1986) informally identified four
Location main units (sections) in the Pozo D-129
San Bernardo Fold Belt - Sierra Silva anticline Formation of the western part of the basin.
Lithostratigraphical units
The lower section contains tuffs and
Chubut Group (D-129+Matasiete+Castillo
Formations) tuffaceous siltstones, grey-to-green
laminated shales, and a subordinate
amount of sandstones deposited in deep
STOP 11. SIERRA SILVA ANTICLINE- lacustrine environments. This evolves
upwards into pale grey tuffs containing
POZO D-129 FORMATION thin tuffaceous sandstones and oolitic
General view of the stratigraphic succession grainstones, which represent deposition in
Objetives littoral shoals. A section dominated by
Chemical, epiclastic and pyroclastic lithofacies stacked green tuffs with minor coarse-to-
of deep and shallow lacustrine environment. medium grained tuffaceous sandstones,
Location
Sierra Silva anticline - San Bernardo Fold Belt considered to be shallow lacustrine
Lithostratigraphic unit deposits with high pyroclastic content,
Pozo D-129 Formation (Hauterivian-Aptian) occurs higher up in the unit. Finally, an
upper section composed of white tuffs
The lacustrine Pozo D-129 Formation containing sandstones, minor oolitic
is only exposed in three areas of the GSJB: grainstones and green tuffaceous
Codo del Senguerr Anticline, Sierra Silva sandstones was recognized, inferred to
Anticline and Baya Peninsula (see Figure have been deposited in a marginal to
20). The base of the unit is not exposed in fluvio-deltaic environment (Clavijo, 1986).
the basin, and the stratigraphic interval Anoxic conditions have been inferred for
exposed in individual outcrops does not different sections of the Pozo D-129
exceed 100 m of thickness. However, in Formation, based on the presence of
the subsurface of surrounding areas (e.g. laminated shales containing pyrite, dark
Well Ch-SS.es.1) its thickness exceeds 900 colors and absence of burrows (Van
m. A thickness of at least 1500 m Nieuwenhuise and Ormiston, 1989). The
commonly occurs in the areas to the South dominance of Classopollis pollen and the
and East of the San Bernardo Fold Belt abundance of oolitic grainstones, as well
(Figari et al., 1999). It’s maximum thickness as the presence of Botryococcus-like algal
is observed in the Center of Basin and in forms, led these authors to suggest that
general decreases gradually toward the deposition occurred in a stratified saline-
borders. Because of the scarcity of alkaline lacustrine system in a semiarid
exposures of lacustrine rocks, their climate. The Barremian to Aptian age
Figure 32. (A) Satellite image of the Sierra Silva anticline and main tectonic structures with indication of
relative displacement of strike-slip faults (B) Aerial view of the northern part of the Sierra Silva.
236 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 33. Tectonic features of the Sierra Silva anticline (A) Faults and asymmetrical folds in the core of the
anticline (Stop 10). (B) Positive flower structure. The outcrop is 15 m high. (C) Truncation of strata associated
to the main strike-slip fault (F). (D) Minor normal (?) fault and associated folds in strata of the Castillo
Formation (Stop 14).
assigned to the unit was based on the strata are preserved in situ. The lacustrine
presence of the Flabellochara harrisi strata reach 60 m of thickness and are also
association, obtained from outcrops of the characterized by the upward occurrence
Cerro Chenque (Sierra Silva anticline) of a sandstone-rich succession represen-
(Hechem et al., 1987), but some studies ting shallow water deposition that grade
support an Hauterivian age for the upward to a red-colored succession of
beginning of lacustrine deposition fluvial origin. This Stop is a very important
(Archangelsky et al., 1984; Fitzgerald et one for geologist or geophysics working
al., 1990). in oil companies of the GSJB, due to the
In this Stop we are going to visit the distribution of the Pozo D-129 in the entire
unique exposure of the Pozo D-129 basin, and the rarity of their exposures.
Formation in which oolitic grainstones
STOP 12. SIERRA SILVA- UPPER unit in the San Bernardo Fold Belt,
MEMBER OF THE MATASIETE recognizing two main sections: the lower
section is composed by tuff beds with
FORMATION minor proportion of epiclastic material; the
G ENERAL VIEW OF THE UNIT upper section consists of alternating tuff
Objetives beds and sandstone bodies. Hechem et al.
Nature and scale of multistorey sandbodies. (1990) interpreted the lower section as
Location
lacustrine and the upper section as
San Bernardo Fold Belt - Sierra Silva Anticline
Lithostratigraphic unit deposited by meandering fluvial systems.
Upper Member of the Matasiete Formation The Codo del Senguerr section is the
thickest exposure of the Castillo Formation
Our visit will be focused on the (964 m); their deposits were interpreted
observation, description and interpretation by Meconi (1990) as related to a braided
of a number of large-scale fluvial fluvial system, with sheet and ribbon
sandbodies encased in reddish, floodplain geometries. Regional thickness maps of
fines. Those sandbodies reach thickness up the unit in the subsurface of the basin
to 20 m, and display well-preserved bars (Fitzgerald et al., 1990) show that main
and channel fills. A consipuous feature of depocenters are located in the Eastern part
floodplain facies is the abundance of of the basin. Uliana and Legarreta (1999)
carbonate nodules and concretions. As the identified three main groups of
sandbodies are in a steep slope, some environments for the Castillo Formation:
observations will be carried out using outcrops of the San Bernardo Fold Belt
binoculars. were entirely assigned to multi-storey,
ephemeral fluvial systems, instead in the
STOP 13. THE CASTILLO FORMATION subsurface high-sinuosity fluvial systems
and lacustrine environments were
IN THE CERRO CHENQUE
proposed. Outcrop studies were carried
G ENERAL VIEW OF THE UNIT out by Bridge et al. (2000) on the upper
Objetives part (H» 100 m) of the Codo del Senguerr
General features of the unit, nature of the section, where they identified single and
floodplain and channelized fill multi-storey, low sinuosity sandbodies
Location
Sierra Silva anticline – San Bernardo Fold Belt draining to the SE (125º) with mean
Lithostratigraphical unit thickness of 3.62 m, lateral extension of
Castillo Formation (Albian) 176 m and W/Th ratio of 53 (n=27). Ages
(Ar-Ar) obtained from tuff strata at the
The Castillo Formation is a Codo del Senguerr section (Jalfin et al.,
volcaniclastic unit that represents the 1999; Bridge et al. , 2000) suggest
reworking of pyroclastic ash-fall deposits deposition of the Castillo Formation from
in fluvial environments during the early 104.8 +/- 0.75 My to 94.2 My (Albian).
uplift stages of the Andean Ranges, The age of the Castillo-Bajo Barreal
located 170-190 km westwards of the boundary is between 97.8 and 94.2 My
study area. The Castillo Formation (Lesta, (Bridge et al., 2000), in agreement with
1968; Lesta and Ferello, 1972) received the the Senonian age assigned to the
early denomination of «Green Tuffs» vertebrate faunas hosted in the overlying
(Feruglio, 1949) and is equivalent to the Bajo Barreal Formation (Bonaparte and
«Mina del Carmen» Formation in the Gasparini, 1978) or the late Albian-
subsurface of the basin (Lesta, 1968). Cenomanian age obtained for equivalents
Sciutto (1981) analyzed the thickness rocks to the Lower Bajo Barreal in the
distribution and general features of the subsurface of the basin (Archangelsky et
238 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 34. (A) General view of the Pozo D-129 Formation (lacustrine) and Matasiete Formation (fluvial) in
the core of the Sierra Silva anticline. (B) Stratigraphic section of the Pozo D-129 Formation. OL are oolitic
limestones. Green and gray colors are dominant in the lacustrine facies, instead in the Matasiete Fm a red-
colored floodplain and the occurrence of channels several-m thick are typical features (C-D-E) Details of
moderate sorted sandstone beds of the shallow lacustrine lithofacies association. Sandstone strata contain
oolitic limestone clasts as a basal lag, and display trough cross-bedding, low-angle cross-bedding, scoured
surfaces and plane-parallel lamination. Most of the strata are tabular and have subtle thickness variations,
with frequent amalgamation. Fine-grained facies are commonly poorly-exposed. The hammer is 0.3 m long.
(F-G-H) Oolitic grainstones. The ooides are regularly shaped, densely packed and 1-2 mm in diameter. Their
nuclei frequently consist of a detrital grain or microfossils. Scale bar in (H) is 1 mm.
Figure 35. General view of the Matasiete Formation at the northern slope of the Cerro Chenque. The
stratigraphical section indicates that the mean paleotransport direction of the channels was mostly South/
Southwest. The large (apparent) lateral extent of the sandbodies is due to palaeocurrents oriented almost
parallel to the surface of exposure.
al., 1994). The study of moderate-evolved sandbodies, (1.c) Braided sandbodies, and
paleosols in the lower section of Castillo (1.d) Ephemeral sandbodies, (2) proximal
Formation (Bellosi et al., 2002) shows floodplain, with four sub-types: (2.a)
subaereal and subaqueous features. Two Crevasse-splay deposits, (2.b) Overbank
partial sections of the Castillo Formation deposits, (2.c) Crevasse channels; and (2.d)
have been studied (Umazano et al., 2008b) Floodplain (ash-rich) channels (3) distal
in outcrops of the Cerro Colorado de floodplain (subaerial and subaqueous).
Galveniz (342 m of thickness) and Puerta
del Diablo (50 m), that allowed them to STOP 14. THE CASTILLO FORMATION
identify low-sinuosity fluvial systems IN THE SIERRA SILVA ANTICLINE
draining to the east, subaerial debris flows
and sheetflood deposits accumulated in a G ENERAL VIEW OF THE EXPOSURE
tuffaceous (subaerial and subaqueous) Objetives
Features of the Medium and Upper Section.
floodplain. Paredes et al. (2009) studied
Pyroclastic floodplain.UFR structures in
several exposures of the Castillo Formation pyroclastic sandbodies.
identifying sixteen lithofacies, which could Location
be grouped into three main lithofacies Sierra Silva anticline - San Bernardo Fold Belt.
associations: (1) fluvial channels, with four
Castillo Formation (Albian).
sub-types: (1.a) Sub-aerial mudflow
deposits, (1.b) Straight-to-low sinuosity
240 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 36. General stratigraphic section of the Castillo Formation at Cerro Chenque. The detailed sections
correspond to the base of the unit (left) and the uppermost part of the section (right). The unit is characterized
by the aggradational stacking of fine pyroclastic rocks and channels filled by pyroclastic rocks. W.Profile is
the weathering profile.
Figure 37. Selected features of the Castillo Formation al Stop 13 (Cerro Chenque). (A) View of the lowermost
section at Cerro Chenque. The location and lateral extent of outcropped fluvial channels is indicated. (B)
Tabular sandbodies filled by plane-parallel tuffaceous sandstones, occasionally containing low-angle cross
bedding. Strata lack of a basal lag and reflect an aggradational stacking of laminated sandstones. (C)
Amalgamated, multistorey sandbody. The basal part of the sandstone is massive, and upward develops
plane lamination. The basal contact with floodplain fines is sharp, without preservation of proximal floodplain
facies. (D) Burrowed tuff strata. Fossils traces consist of cylindrical, unlined tubes with dominant sub-horizontal
disposition. Their infill is similar to those of the hosted rock. (E) Symmetrical ripples on top of a tabular tuff
strata. The occurrence of these features on several tuff beds implies periodical development of shallow
(ephemeral?) lakes in a low-relief floodplain environment. (F) Aggradational stacking of fine-grained tuffs.
Strata frequently contain plane-lamination or they are massive. The original features of this facies are modified
due to intense borrowing by vertical-to-oblique tubes (as those of Fig. 37.d)
242 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 38. (A) Stratigraphic section of the Medium and Upper Sections of the Castillo Formation at Stop 14.
Fluvial sandbodies indicate an E-NE paleotransport direction. Architectural data of sandbodies are also
presented right of the section. Data show that most of the fluvial sandbodies are narrow sheets with 15>W/
Th>100. The massive sandbodies with W/Th ratio up to 92 are shown in Fig. 40.
Figure 39. Photo-panorama of the volcaniclastic succession of the Castillo Formation (Stop 14). Lenticular
and sheet-like sandbodies are indicated, as well as levels containing accretionary lapilli.
244 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 40. Selected pictures of features preserved in the Castillo Formation at Stop 14, Sierra Silva anticline.
(A) Primary and low-order lateral roots (rhizoliths) in grey, massive strata. Slightly decoloured drab haloes
around roots represent Fe and Mn depleted areas. (B) Densely-packed accretionary lapilli in vitric tuffs, their
cores are strongly altered by Fe-oxides (diagenetic). Coin is 13 mm in diameter. (C) Massive, matrix supported
strata in sharp, non-erosive contact with finely-laminated tuffs. (D) Clast-supported basal lag of a low-
sinuosity fluvial channel of the Upper Section. Note the irregular, erosional base of the channel (E) Pebble to
fine cobble tuffaceous gravels with clast-supported texture. Note the variable shape, size and rounding of
the tuffaceous clasts. (F) Plane-laminated tuff strata interbedded with low-angle cross-bedded tuffs and
antidune bedding. Strata have low-amplitude and high wavelength, with shallow scours at their bases. The
hammer is 0.30 meters long.
THURSDAY- SEPTEMBER, visited. Fluvial units display major differen-

3RD - CODO DEL SENGUERR ces in the characteristics of the floodplain,
with a highly pyroclastic floodplain in the
ANTICLINE (SAN BERNARDO Castillo and Lower Bajo Barreal
FOLD BELT) Formations, and an epiclastic floodplain in
the Upper Bajo Barreal Formation. We are
In this day we are visiting one of the going to discuss the occurrence of several
most complete sections of the Chubut different styles of channel fill in the
Group. Facies of the Pozo D-129 succession and their relationship to
Formation are outcropped in the core of changes in the main controls (tectonics,
the anticline. They are covered by the climate, pyroclastic supply). Architectural
Castillo Formation, which is here up to 960 data were obtained from a large number
m of thickness. The overlying Bajo Barreal of channels, and we will share the
Formation consists of about 700 m of implications of those data for oil recovery
thickness, and their two Members will be and exploration in the nearby oil pools.
Figure 41. Stratigraphy and tectonic structures of the Codo del Senguerr Anticline. The location of two
exploratory wells on the anticline is indicated. During this day we are visiting outcrops of the Pozo D-129 Fm
in the core of the anticline, and the most complete succession of the Castillo and Bajo Barreal Formations.
The anticline consists mostly of rocks of the Castillo Formation, with well exposed rocks of the Bajo Barreal
Formation in the eastern limb.
246 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 42. Aerial photograph and drainage map of Wheeler Ridge, southern San Joaquin Valley, California,
illustrating several geomorphic indicators of lateral propagation (Keller et al., 1999)
STOP 15. CODO DEL SENGUERR AND large-scale cross bedding (subaqueous
PAPELÍA ANTICLINES bars), hummocky cross-stratification and
minor channels filled by tuffaceous
G ENERAL VIEW OF ANTICLINES sandstones, some of them with oil
Objetives staining.
Main characteristics of the Papelía anticline.
Mechanism of growth folds.
Location STOP 17. CODO DEL SENGUERR
San Bernardo Fold Belt - Papelía anticline. ANTICLINE - CASTILLO FORMATION
Lithostratigraphic unit
Chubut Group (Cretaceous).
G ENERAL VIEW OF THE CAÑADÓN GRANDE SUCCESSION
Objetives
Evidences of lateral propagation of Channel and floodplain lithofacies associations
active faults and folds (Keller et al., 1999) – Fluvial architecture. Pyroclastic-rich paleosols
(1) Decreasing in drainage density and Multistorey channels with variable behavior.
Parallel-laminated sandbodies. Low-sinuosity
degree of dissection (2) Decrease in sandbodies.
elevation of wind gaps (3) Decrease in Location
relief of the topographic profile along the Eastern limb of the Codo del Senguerr anticline.
Lithostratigraphic unit
crest (4) Development of characteristics
drainage patterns (5) Deformation of
progressively younger deposits and (A) Pyroclastic floodplain with paleosols
landforms (6) Decrease in rotation and The visited succession of pyroclastic
inclination of forelimb. strata is characterized by the amalgama-
tion of tabular, white-to pale green tuff
STOP 16. CODO DEL SENGUERR beds containing accretionary lapilli. The
ANTICLINE - POZO D-129 FORMATION aggradational package contains abundant
locomotion traces of Planolites, Skolithos,
G ENERAL VIEW OF THE CORE OF THE ANTICLINE and minor Taenidium isp . Fossil traces
Objetives
generally display a lined wall with limonitic
Tuffaceous sandstones and limestones between
pyroclastic bed reworked in shallow water alteration; their infill is of similar
environments. composition to the hosted rock. The
Lithostratigraphic unit succession represents a distal floodplain
Pozo D-129 Formation (Hauterivian-Aptian). environment, mostly preserved in subaerial
Location
Eroded core of the anticline. conditions, with rare subaqueous
(ephemeral lakes?) environments.
Exposures of the Pozo D-129 (B) Low sinuosity fluvial channels of the
Formation at the core of the Codo del Castillo Formation.
Senguerr anticline are characterized by the (C) Parallel-dominated sandbodies of
stacking of laminated to cross-bedded the Castillo Formation.
tuffs with minor proportion of tuffaceous These deposits were described in most
sandstones. In spite of the poor quality of of the studied exposures of the Castillo
the exposures the assignation of this Formation, being more abundant in
succession to the Pozo D-129 Formation northward exposures (E.G. Sierra del
is supported by the occurrence of thin beds Castillo, Las Pulgas Anticline, Sierra Silva):
of oolitic limestones and physical they represent 25.5% of the described
correlation with data of the A-5 wellbore sandbodies in Sierra del Castillo (n=68) and
(Figure 41). Grains of limestones also occur 17.5% of those exposed in Sierra Silva
as clasts into sandstone strata. The (n=57). In the Cañadón Grande section
succession contains sandstone strata with they represent 6.98% of studied channels
248 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 43. Satellite image of the Papelía anticline. As most of the folds of the San Bernardo Fold Belt, it is
composed mainly by rocks of the Castillo Formation, and the Bajo Barreal Formation is only preserved in
their flanks. The Papelía anticline is a N-S trending anticline that plunge southwards, characterized by a
western limb steeper than the eastern one. During the Field Trip we will be making observations on the
eastern limb using binoculars. Changes in dip inclination of strata along the strike of the anticline axis and
reduction in elevation will be some of the features used to make comparisons with published models of
growth faults. The AdP.es-1 (Anticlinal de Palelía) wellbore was drilled in the 1970 decade in the crest of the
anticline. The satellite image also shows some of the features of the Senguerr River, which locally shows a
meandering or anastomosing pattern.
(n=86) and show and upward increase in Fluvial architecture of the Castillo
their W/T ratio in the Lower Section (Figure Formation at Codo del Senguerr
52), that indicates a more flashy discharge anticline: Data of thickness, lateral extent,
during initial stages of deposition of the W/T ratio and 1487 paleocurrent measure-
Castillo Formation. This behaviour is ments were obtained from eighty-six
relatively uncommon in the Medium and sandbodies along the Cañadón Grande
Upper Sections. section (Figure 52). The Castillo Formation
(D) Fluvial Architecture of the Castillo grades from lacustrine facies of the Pozo
Formation. D-129 Formation (Paredes et al., 2007)
Figure 44. Architectural stratigraphy of the uppermost section of the Pozo D-129 Formation.
and can be divided in four main informal and StD of 38.34. However, there are
«Sections» based on their lithological vertical variations on thickness, true width
character, composition, stacking pattern and W/T ratio between the Sections, and
and color: Lower, Medium and Upper –a more detailed data are provided in the
and -b Sections (see Figure 47). Proportion table of Figure 52. Most of the sandbodies
of fluvial channels along a single, vertical are straight-lo-low sinuosity fluvial
section is 16.21%, proximal floodplain channels, with rare plane-laminated
deposits represent 4.16%, but the later sandbodies and a single braided channel.
value can be higher due to poor quality of Our data are comparable to those
exposures in the fine-grained rocks. obtained by Bridge et al. (2000), who
Averaged data from measured sandbodies analyzed the upper part (H» 100 m) of the
at Codo del Senguerr indicate a mean Codo del Senguerr section in the southern
thickness of 2.89 m (StD= 1.59 m). Mean side of the Senguerr River. They identified
lateral extent of sandbodies is 114.26 m, single and multi-storey, low sinuosity
with StD of 101.64 m (n=86). W/T ratio sandbodies draining to the SE (125º) with
of sandbodies evidences that most of the mean thickness of 3.62 m, lateral
fluvial channels are sheets (Friend et al., extension of 176 m and W/T ratio of 53
1979) with an averaged W/T ratio of 42.51 (n=27).
250 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 45. Core of the Codo del Senguerr anticline.. (A) General view of the exposures. Light colored rocks
with high content of pyroclastic rocks are found in the upper part of the Pozo D-129 and Castillo Formations.
In subsurface the contact between both units is defined on the uppermost occurrence of oolitic limestones
or black shales, but these features could not be found at the exact boundary between formations. At outcrops,
ooides occur as thin strata or as clast in sandstone strata. They are located tens of meters below of the
assigned stratigraphic boundary. (B) Sandstone strata of this succession containing hummocky (and swaley)
cross-stratification. (C) Microphotograph of oolitic grainstones preserved between pyroclastic strata. Ooides
have elliptical shape, due to tectonic deformation during the folding of the succession.
Figure 46. Stratigraphical section of tabular tuff strata with abundance of fossil traces and accretionary
lapilli. Medium Section of the Castillo Formation. Aggradational tuff strata reach 30 m of thickness and can
be traced laterally several thousand of meters. The large lateral continuity and homogeneous nature of this
markers favoured their correlation into the subsurface, and oil geologists divide divide the Castillo Formation
in seismic units using this characteristic levels.
Palaeocurrents show a consistent Location

paleoflow direction toward southeast, Eastern limb of the Codo del Senguerr anticline
parallel to the orientation of early Bajo Barreal Formation (Senonian-Campanian?)
Cretaceous normal faults (Figure 6)
mapped in the subsurface of surrounding The Bajo Barreal Formation and
areas (Homovc et al., 1995; Figari et al., correlatable units of subsurface have
1999). Mean paleoflow values for the produced up to 90% of the oil of the
eighty-six fluvial channels (Figure 47) GSJB. Due to their economic importance,
indicate a main vector of 117.2° with StD a large number of sedimentological and
of 16.7°. stratigraphic studies have been carried out
in outcrops of the San Bernardo Fold Belt
STOP 18. CODO DEL SENGUERR and in the northern margin of the Deseado
ANTICLINE - BAJO BARREAL Region (Roll, 1938; Feruglio, 1949a,b;
FORMATION Lesta and Ferello, 1972; Lesta et al., 1980;
Sciutto, 1981; Figari et al., 1990; Hechem
G ENERAL VIEW OF THE LOWER AND UPPER MEMBER et al., 1990; Meconi, 1990; Rodriguez,
Objetives 1992, 1993; Legarreta et al. , 1993;
Main subdivisions of the unit. Nature of the Rodriguez y Bitschene, 1994; Hechem,
floodplain and channel fill. Oil staining of 1994, 1997; Bridge et al., 2000; Bellosi et
sandstone bodies. Fluvial architecture.
al., 2002; Sanagua et al., 2002; Hechem,
252 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 47. Synthetic stratigraphical section of the Castillo Formation at Cañadón Grande. The arrow next to
the stratigraphical section represents the average of paleocurrent data of each channel. North is up to the
figure.
Figure 48. Upper Section of the Castillo Formation at Cañadón Grande. (A) Multi-storey sandbodies recording
different styles of infilling. Lower packages show inclined, erosional surfaces at bases of coarse-grained
stories, limited preservation of bars (named B) and probable development of a short-lived braided pattern.
Upper part of the channel fill shows a slightly aggrading, single-channel stage with well developed alternate
bars (AB) and finer grain size.. (B) Details of the alternate bars. Palaeocurrents are oriented parallel to the
inclined surfaces. (C) Superimposed scoured surfaces and channel fill. (D) Preservation of a lateral bar in the
margin of a channel fill deposit. Hammer is 0.3 m long. See Fig. 47 for location of the represented sandbodies.
2003; Umazano et al., 2005, 2008a). Their The unit has been divided in two
huge distribution into the basin has Members: the Lower Member is
favored varied interpretations for their characterized by a pyroclastic floodplain
deposits: lacustrine fans, volcaniclastic and has increasing upward sandstone
alluvial fans, meandering and braided content; the Upper Member is composed
rivers, and ephemeral rivers. by grey mudstones with isolated channel
254 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 49. Upper Section of the Castillo Formation at Cañadón Grande. (A) Simplified line drawing of a
parallel-laminated sandbodies. Individual laminae (or group of laminae) can be traced laterally for meters,
and they are commonly associated to low angle cross-bedding. Low relief, scour surfaces separate packages
with differences in grain size and sedimentary structures. Note the low dispersion in the paleocurrent. (B)
and (C) photos show typical appearance of parallel laminated strata. See Fig. 47 for location of the sandbodies.
sandbodies (Sciutto, 1981; Rodriguez, event that deposited the marine

1992). The unit shows an overall fining- Salamanca Formation (Uliana and
upward trend, pattern attributed to be a Legarreta, 1999). Several authors (Sciutto,
response to the regional rise in sea level in 1981; Figari et al., 1990; Rodriguez, 1992)
the uppermost Cretaceous (Barcat et al., recognized a prograding arrangement for
1989), previously to the transgressive the Lower Member, evidenced by an
Figure 50. Stratigraphic architecture of a channel belt exposed in the southern side of the Cañadón Grande.
Upper Section of the Castillo Formation. The width of the exposure is 550 meters. Three stratigraphical
sections (A,B,C) were built, and the apparent lateral extent of single and multistorey channels is shown, as
well as the position of some tuff strata.
256 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 51. Detailed section of channel sandbodies of Fig. 50. In spite of the short distance between
stratigraphical sections, most of the sandbodies cannot be followed laterally up to 100 meters. Note the
variability of the measured paleocurrent in single channels.
Figure 52. Statistical variation of thickness, true lateral extent and W/T ratio of fluvial sandbodies of the
Castillo Formation along the Cañadón Grande. Log-Log width to thickness ratio (W/T) plots for different
types of channel sandbodies.
upward increase in proportion and Ar-Ar dating of pyroclastic strata

thickness of fluvial sandbodies. The (Bridge et al., 2000) allows considering the
«Areniscas Verdes» is a widely distributed Bajo Barreal Formation as deposited during
group of channel(s) belt(s) of a typical the 97.9-91.0 ma time span. The ages are
green color, located in the upper part of consistent with the late Albian-
the Lower Member. Those multistorey Cenomanian age (Archangelsky et al.,
sandbodies can be up to 15 m thick, and 1994) of palynological associations
were deposited as an alluvial volcaniclastic obtained from the subsurface (Lower Bajo
«bajada» complex with a sandy braided Barreal= Caleta Olivia Member of the
collector (Figari et al., 1990). Rodriguez Cañadón Seco Formation). However, the
(1992) studied the «Areniscas Verdes» in presence of Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensis
northern exposures (Estancia Ocho (Casal et al., 2007) in exposures eastward
Hermanos). He was able to identify of the Colhué Huapi lake, suggest that
ephemeral processes as the main upper levels of the Upper Member of the
mechanism of transportation and Bajo Barreal were deposited during the
deposition of the «Areniscas Verdes». Campanian-Maastrichtian?. The genus
Preservation of unfragmented dinosaurs Aeolosaurus is recorded in the Campanian-
inside fluvial channels was also considered Maastrichtian in Argentina and Brazil.
indirect evidence of extreme variability of Bridge et al. (2000) studied the Bajo
the discharge of the fluvial systems Barreal Formation at the southern margin
(Rodriguez, 1993). of the Senguerr River. They identified
258 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 53. The Bajo Barreal Formation at the eastern limb of the Codo del Senguerr anticline. (A) General
view of the exposures at Cañadón Grande. The Lower Member of the Bajo Barreal Formation has a gradational
basal contact with the Castillo Formation, and both units contain a large proportion of pyroclastic deposits
around fluvial channels. In contrast, the Upper Member contains a large proportion of grey mudstones, but
white, fine, tabular tuff strata are also recorded. (B) View of a multistorey, low sinuosity fluvial channel of
the Lower Member. Channels are narrow sheets and contains small (< 5%) of proximal floodplain deposits.
(C) Fluvial channels of the Upper Member show a variable behavior. The sandbodies named (D) is a multistorey
channel that contains several lenses of mudstones, suggesting large intervals of abandonment and re-
occupation. Sandbody named (E) contains well-rounded gravels up to 10 cm in diameter, a different
composition (granites, riolites, ignimbrites) and large W/T ratio that underlying channels, suggesting changes
in the discharge and source area of the clasts. (D) Close-up of the channel margin that contains lenses of
mudstones in their infill. (E) Presence of oil associated to small-scale faulting in sandbodies named (E) of Fig.
53.c. (F) Vertical variation in lithofacies into a multistorey fluvial sandbodies.
Figure 54. Stratigraphical section of the Bajo Barreal Formation southern of the Cañadón Grande, eastern
limb of the Codo del río Senguerr anticline. The location of the main channel belts of the Lower and Upper
Members is indicated right of the section. Palaeocurrents were deduced from unidirectional sedimentary
structures such as cross-stratified sandstone, asymmetrical ripples or oriented trunks, and were structurally
corrected according to the geometrical methods. The real dimensions of single channels or channel belts
were measured using GPS point data at their margins, and correcting their apparent width using the mean
of the paleocurrent data for each channel. (Paredes, Allard and Foix, unpublished data).
single, straight to low-sinuosity (S< 1.2) in Ea. Ocho Hermanos (Bellosi et al., 2002)
fluvial channels draining to SE (mean: indicate a prevalence of subaqueous
116°) with a channel/floodplain ratio of conditions; instead in the Cerro Colorado
0.3. The mean thickness of sandbodies is de Galveniz they are inceptisols and
3.96 m, lateral extent of 62.5 m and W/ contain carbonate nodules, suggesting
Th ratio of 23.85 (n=26). Studied paleosols dryer environments (Bellosi et al., 2002).
260 PAREDES J. M.
Fine-grained facies of the Cerro Ballena in STOP 21. UPPER CRETACEOUS LAGUNA
the santa Cruz province contain desicca- PALACIOS FORMATION
tion cracks, root casts, burrows, mottles,
carbonate concretions and well-developed PANORAMIC VIEW
paleosols (Bridge et al., 2000). Objetives
Loess depositsAggradational stacking of
paleosols
Location
FRIDAY- SEPTEMBER, 5TH – San Bernardo Fold Belt - Cerro Colorado
LAS PULGAS AREA (SAN Lithostratigraphical unit
Laguna Palacios Formation (Santonian-
BERNARDO FOLD BELT) Maastrichtian?)
STOP 19. LAS PULGAS BASALT –

PUERTA DEL DIABLO STOP 22. PALEOCENE SEDIMENTARY
SUCCESION AT PAMPA MARÍA SANTÍSIMA
G ENERAL VIEW OF THE BASALTIC FLOW
Objetives G ENERAL VIEW OF THE PALEOCENE
Description and interpretation of proccesses SEDIMENTAY SUCCESSION
associated to the actual morphology of the Las Objetives
Pulgas Basalt Gradational contact between the Chubut Group
Lithostratigraphical unit and the marine Salamanca Formation. Shallow
Alkaline Basalts (Quaternary) marine deposits of deltaic environment.
Palustrine and fluvial successions.
The Puerta del Diablo road cut is Location
Bosque Petrificado de Ormachea.
located 10 km westward of the Las Pulgas
on the Road N° 20, where there is a Salamanca (marine) and Río Chico (fluvial)
transversal cut of the Las Pulgas Basalt. The Formations (Maastrichtian?-upper Paleocene).
basalt has an elongated shape in plan view,
and follows an older tributary river of the The Paleocene sedimentary record in
Senguerr River by up to 25 km. In the road the GSJB is represented by the Salamanca
cut, the lava flow shows an elliptical shape and Río Chico Formations. The Salamanca
and overlies gently inclined sedimentary Formation (Maastrichtian?-Danian) is the
rocks of the Castillo Formation and record of an Atlantic transgression
unconsolidated, alluvial sediments of developed under warm temperatures and
Quaternary age. Erosion of the humid climate (Malumián, 1999). Defined
surrounding sedimentary rocks has by Lesta and Ferello (1972), the unit covers
produced a noticeable example of the Eastern Sector of the GSJB, with
geomorphological inversion of the maximum thickness of 200 m (Feruglio,
landscape (Giacosa and Paredes, 2008). 1949), their thickness decreases toward
the south and west of the basin, and do
STOP 20. THE CASTILLO FORMATION not cross westward of the present position
AT LAS PULGAS – PUERTA DEL DIABLO of the San Bernardo Fold Belt (Windhau-
sen, 1924; Paredes et al. , 2006c). At
G ENERAL VIEW OF THE EXPOSURE outcrops, the Salamanca Formation has
Objetives been divided (Andreis et al., 1975) in two
Channel and floodplain associations. Small-scale Members. The Bustamante Member is
domino faults.
Location characterized by its calcareous nature and
San Bernardo Fold Belt - Cerro Colorado is restricted to the northern exposures,
Lithostratigraphical unit while the Hansen Member is mainly
Figure 55. Satellite image of the Las Pulgas and Cañadón Avilés area.
262 PAREDES J. M.
composed of greenish-grey epiclastic synsedimentary normal fault activity. Foix

rocks, being the most important aerially and Paredes (2004) recognized syntectonic
distributed. Alternatively, in the subsurface deposition in the lowermost Tertiary using
the unit was defined in a basal package subsurface information. Recent research
of glauconitic sandstones locally known as recognized outcrop evidence of synsedi-
«Glauconítica Section», which is covered mentary normal faulting (Foix, 2009) and
by mudstones of the «Fragmentosa associated seismites (Foix et al., 2006,
Section» containing sandstones that 2008), which is evidence of some tectonic
record two progradational events (Archan- control on the development of the trans-
gelsky, 1976). These facies are covered by gressive event.
a sandstone-rich section known as «Banco The 35-m-thick section of the
Verde». Sequence stratigraphic studies Salamanca Formation preserved at Bosque
(Legarreta et al., 1990; Legarreta and Ulia- Petrificado de Ormachea (Martinez, 1992;
na, 1994) have shown at least two main Foix, 2009) consists of a deltaic succession
depositional sequences, with T-R cycles. with tidal control that covers the Upper
Fossa-Mancini (1932, 1935) reported Member of the Bajo Barreal Formation. A
thickness changes across fault planes in tropical-subtropical closed forest has been
the Salamanca Formation, related to interpreted from the study of reworked
Figure 56. (A,B) Satellite image and interpretation of the Las Pulgas Basalt. (C) Transversal exposure of the
Las Pulgas Basalt in the road cut. (D) Basal contact of the lava flow on unconsolidated, alluvial sediments. (E)
Flattened-to-elongated vesicles produced by incorporation of air into the flow.
fossil woods preserved into glauconitic Straight sandbodies with W/Th<25; c)

sandstones (Matheos et al., 2001). Meandering sandbodies with W/Th<30, c).
The Upper Paleocene Río Chico Spatial variations in the proportion of each
Formation (Simpson, 1933, 1935; Lesta type of channel in the North Flank of the
and Ferello, 1972) is a fluvial unit with GSJB were interpreted as related to
maximum thickness of 250 m (Feruglio, changes in the accommodation space
1949). The unit has been divided in two during their deposition (Foix, 2009).
Members, defining two main depositional
cycles. The Las Violetas Member is
characterized by fluvial channels filled by ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
epiclastic and pyroclastic fragments,
containing also well developed paleosols. This study would not have been
The Visser Member consists of arkosic possible without the unselfish contribution
conglomerates and sandstones, and of many geologists, particularly Nicolás
bentonites. Both Members were interpre- Foix, José O. Allard, Raúl E. Giacosa and
ted by Andreis et al. (1975) as meandering. René E. Hudecek, who provided field
Legarreta and Uliana (1994) considered assistance and valuable discussions.
the fluvial succession as part of the Río Logistical and economical support for this
Chico Group, integrated by three study was provided by the Facultad de
Formations: Peñas Coloradas, Las Flores Ciencias Naturales of the Universidad
and Koluel Kaike. The marine–continental Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco
transition package, informally known as through Projects PI CIUNTAT 402 (2004-
«Banco Negro Inferior» (Feruglio, 1949) 2007) and 702 (2008-2010).
is composed of tabular, massive or
horizontally-laminated black mudstones,
which are locally interbedded with thin
sandstones. The «Banco Negro Inferior»
is related to marsh, swamp and mangrove,
poorly-drained anoxic deposi-tional
environments (Feruglio, 1949; Andreis et
al., 1975). Petrographical stu-dies on the
unit showed that most of their detrital
components were derived from a contem-
porary volcanic arc emplaced west and
northwest of the GSJB (Raigemborn,
2006). However, in the southern margin
of the Basin, channel fills contain up to
95% of monocrystalline quartz grains,
including banded, milky-white and limpid
varieties. Pyrite is also recorded into that
quartz fragments, indicating a primary
volcanic source for the sulphur, which
were derived from older volcanic rocks of
the Deseado Region (Paredes et al. ,
2006a). Foix (2009) have recognized three
main channel-types in the Río Chico
Formation: a) Braided sandbodies
(sandstone sheets with W/Th>300); b)
264 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 57. Fluvial succession of the Castillo Formation at the Cañadón Puerta del Diablo.
Figure 58. Features of the Laguna Palacios Formation in the San Bernardo Fold Belt. (A) Generalized
stratigraphic section of the upper Chubut Group in the west Flank of the San Bernardo Range (from Sciutto,
1999). (B) Detailed lithologic profile of the Laguna Palacios Formation paleosols in Cañadón Puerta del
Diablo (Genise et al., 2002).
266 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 59. Satellite Image of the western margin of the Pampa María Santísima. Localities: (A) Palacio de los
Loros, (B) Cerro Colorado y (C) Bosque Petrificado de Ormachea.
Figure 60. Detailed Stratigraphical sections of the Salamanca Formation at the western margin of the Pampa
María Santísima (Martinez, 1992) (A A ) Palacio de los Loros, (B
B) Cerro Colorado y (C
C ) Bosque Petrificado de
Ormachea – Cerro Abigarrado. The three sections were labeled to the base of the Banco Negro Inferior
(BNI).
Keys: AL: Lagoon, BL: Subaqueous bar (bar complex), CA: Sand-rich strainplain, CM: Tidal channel, DR: Ebb
tidal delta, H: Tidal flat (heterolitic succession), PA: Tidal plain
268 PAREDES J. M.
Figure 61. Salamanca and Río Chico Formations at Bosque Petrificado de Ormachea. (A) Flazer and wavy
bedding structures. (B) Heterolitic succession of tidal-flat sub-environment. (C) Large silicified trunks preserved
in glauconitic sandstones of the Salamanca Formation. (D) Coarse-grained strata with fragments of trunks.
(E) Sandstone strata containing large-scale inclined surfaces, reflecting the migration of a subaqueous bar in
a deltaic environment. Flow is from left to right of the picture (F) View of the gradational contact between
the Salamanca and Río Chico Formation. The black strata are the Banco Negro Inferior, a regional marker
bed that represents mangrove or lagoonal facies. (G) Sandstone with impregnations of hydrocarbons. (H)
Fine-grained facies of the Río Chico Formation on the Banco Negro Inferior.
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Areniscas Verdes (Formación Bajo Barreal – central Washington. Sedimentology, 35, 953-
Cretácico tardío) y sus implicancias taxonómicas. 977.
12° Congreso Geológico Argentino y 2° Smith, G.A. (1991) Facies sequences and geometries
Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos , in continental volcaniclastic sediments. In: Fisher,
1:194-199. R.V., Smith, G.A. (Eds.) Sedimentation in
Rodriguez, J.F.R., Bitschene, P. (1994) Composición Volcanic Settings. Special Publication 45, Society
y origen de sedimentos piroclásticos silíceos del of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,
Cretácico superior (Fm. Bajo Barreal) en la 109-121.
Patagonia Central / Argentina. Zlb. Geol. Palaont. Strelkov, E.E., Cid de la Paz, M.S., Jauregui, J.
Tail, H 7/8: 753-765. Stuttgart. (1992) Reconocimiento de un sistema
Rodriguez, J.F.R., Littke, R. (2001) Petroleum fandeltaico en el subsuelo de la cuenca del Golfo
generation and accumulation in the Golfo San San Jorge. 4° Reunión Argentina de
Jorge Basin, Argentina: a basin modeling study. Sedimentología, 1:47-54. La Plata.
Marine and Petroleum Geology, 18(9):995-1028. Strelkov, E. E., Cid de la Paz, M.S., Baldi, J.E. (1994)
Roll, A., 1938. Estudio geológico de la zona sur del The Paso Río Mayo sub-basin: geology and
curso medio del río Deseado. Boletín de exploration play, San Jorge Basin, Argentina.
Informaciones Petroleras, 163:17-83. Buenos Proceedings of the fourtheenth World Petroleum
Aires. Congress (Stavanger), Vol. 2:149-151.
Sanagua, J, Hlebszevitsch, J., Suarez, F. (2002) Los Uliana, M.A., Biddle, K.T. (1987) Permian to Late
reservorios del Flanco Oeste. In: Schiuma, M., Cenozoic evolution of Northern Patagonia: main
Hinterwimmer, G., Vergani, G. (Eds.) Rocas tectonic events, magmatic activity and
depositional trends. In: Gondwana Six: structure, paleogeographic evolution. In: Volkheimer, W.
tectonics and geophysics. American Geophysical & Muchaccio, E. (Eds.) Cuencas Sedimentarias
Union, Geophysical Monograph 40:271-286. del Jurásico y Cretácico de América del Sur.
Uliana, M.A., Legarreta, L. (1999) Jurásico y Comité Sudamericano del Jurásico y Cretácico,
Cretácico de la cuenca del Golfo San Jorge. In: 1, 45-125.
Caminos, R. (Ed.), Geología Argentina . Urien, C.M., Zambrano, J.J., Yrigoyen, M.R. (1995)
Subsecretaría de Minería de la Nación, Buenos Petroleum Basins Of Southern South America:
Aires, 496-510. an Overview. Tankard, A.J., Suárez-Soruco, R. y
Uliana, M.A., Biddle, K.T., Cerdán, J. (1989) Welsink, H. (Eds.). In: Petroleum Basins of South
Mesozoic Extension and the Formation of America. AAPG Memoir, 62:63-77. Tulsa.
Argentine Sedimentary Basins. In: Tankard, A.J. Van Nieuwenhuise, D.S., Ormiston, A.R. (1989) A
& Balkwill, H.R. (Eds.) Extensional deformation model for the origin of source-rich lacustrine
and Stratigraphy of the North Atlantic margins. facies, San Jorge Basin, Argentina. 1º Congreso
AAPG Memoir, 46:599-614. Tulsa. Nacional de Exploración de Hidrocarburos ,
Umazano, A.M., Melchor, R.N., Bellosi, E.S. (2005) 2:853-883.
Paleonvironmental analysis and architecture of Vergés, J., Sansz, N., Cristallini, E., Perez, V.,
sandstone bodies of the Bajo Barreal Formation Victoria, M., Jalfin, G., Marzo, M., Bellosi, E.,
(Cretaceous), western San Jorge basin, Coccia, C., Sanagua, J., Merletti, G.,
Argentina. 6° Congreso de Exploración y Montenegro, G. (1997) PATH (Patagonian
Desarrollo de Hidrocarburos. Instituto Argentino Architectural Transects for Hydrocarbon),
del Petróleo y del Gas, Mar del Plata, CD ROM. Proyecto de correlación subregional en la cuenca
Umazano, A.M., Bellosi, E., Visconti, G., Melchor, del Golfo San Jorge. Parte 3: Secciones
R. (2008a) Mechanism of aggradation in fluvial estructurales y tectónicas. 2º Reservoir
systems influenced by explosive volcanism: An Characterization Meeting , p. 176-179. San
example from the Upper Cretaceous Bajo Barreal Carlos de Bariloche.
Formation, San Jorge Basin, Argentina. Vogt, T. (1990) Cryogenic Physicochemical
Sedimentary Geology, 203:213-228. precipitations: Iron, Silica, Calcium Carbonate.
Umazano, A.M., Bellosi, E. S., Melchor, R.N. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 1:283-293.
(2008b) Volcaniclastic resedimentation in the Vogt, T., Del Valle, H. (1994) Calcretes and
Lower Cretaceous Castillo Formation, San Jorge Cryogenic structures in the area of Puerto
Basin, Central Patagonia, Argentina. 12° Reunión Madryn (Chubut, Patagonia, Argentina).
Argentina de Sedimentología, 178. Buenos Aires. Geografiska Annaler, 76 A, 1-2: 57-75.
Urien, C.M., Zambrano, J., Martins, L.R. (1981) Windhausen, A. (1924) Líneas generales de la
The basins of southern South America (southern constitución geológica de la región situada al
Brazil, Uruguay and astern Argentina), including oeste del Golfo de San Jorge. Boletín Academia
the Malvinas Plateau and southern South Atlantic Nacional de Ciencias en Córdoba, 27:167-320.
276 PAREDES J. M.
NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS
The fundamental aim of the Basin Analysis Series is to publish original Basin Research
information which provides a relevant contribution to the advance of Sedimentology, Tectonics
and Basin Evolution. Eventually the publication could be composed of three independent sections
as follows:
1. Abstracts of relevant meetings in Sedimentology and Basin Analysis.
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3. Extended abstracts (in English).
The Basin Analysis Series (shortened in the text as the Series) will be published periodically.
The articles submitted, in the case of being approved, will become copyright of the IESGLO
(Institute of Stratigraphy and Global Sedimentary Geology).
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All the publication in any of the variants permitted will be subject to revision by the Editorial
Committee and external reviewers that will approve the publication of the material presented.
Publication regulations
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Abstracts of Scientific Meetings related to Basin Analysis

· They should have a responsible editor of the abstract selection, and responsible for
the English language and style and commitment with writing norms. The whole
selection of abstracts submitted by the editor will be subject in turn to the Editorial
Committee partial o total approval.
· Each abstract should have been subject to at least one qualified referee criticism and
the revised text approved by the Editor.
About the abstract contain
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(optional with a maximum final size of 6.7x11 cm) and basic bibliography
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· Text, bibliography should be written in double space Times New Roman 12
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analysis and conclusions related to the information and bibliography included.
If the geographic position is relevant, it should be indicated in the first phrase.
Conclusion should come at the end of the text. The abstract should include
only relevant information.
· Title should reflect the abstract contain, not longer than two lines (100 spaces
or letters)
278 PAREDES J. M.
· Author names, each in one line. Consider that the extension of the list take
space from the text.
· The illustration if any (in black and white), should have readable letter sizes
and symbols when it is reduced to final size. The space for the illustration
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volume and pages separated by hyphen). In the case of Edited Books, the
name of the editors followed by (eds. or ed.), the title of the chapter and
pages separated by hyphen. In authors books, only the total pages’ number.
Extended Abstract
· Each abstract shall be subject to at least two qualified referee criticisms and the revised
text approved by the Editorial Committee.
· Each abstract should contain:
· Title, authors (family name and initials, Institution and e-mail), text, two figures (optional)
with a maximum final size of any of the allowed sizes and basic bibliography.
· Text and bibliography should be written in double space Times New Roman 12 pt., a
maximum extension of 2,500 words, without any format or special typography. Fossil
names, scientific terms and Latin words in italics; Spanish or Portuguese terms between
quotation marks.
· The printed final text with bibliography and figures should no exceed from 4 pages. If
there is an exceeding the author will be invited to make the necessary reduction.
About the abstract contain
· Should be an extract of a written major text. It should contain information, analysis

and conclusions related to the information and bibliography included. If the
geographic position is relevant should be indicated in the first phrase. Conclusion
should come at the end of the text. The abstract should include only relevant
information, do not try to write a condensed tight written resume of a major text.
· Title should reflect the abstract contain, with an extension not longer than two
lines (100 spaces or letters).
About the presentation of the manuscript
· The Title in 100 characters occupying only two lines. The text should reflect the
extended abstract essential contain and a minimum of geographic references
(could be included extended in the text)
· The Authors list
list. Each author will indicate the surname, first name and initial of
the mid one, Institution and e-mail in one line. Note: Consider that the extension
of list take space from the text. The Text could have subtitles if necessary but are
not essential.
· The illustrations if any (in black and white), should have readable letter sizes and
symbols when it is reduced to final size. The space for the illustrations should be
taken from the text and basic bibliography. The figures should be mentioned in
the text (as fig. 1 and fig. 2) in the necessary places and the size should be
proportional to the permitted sizes in centimeters. It should be allowed a space

for the figure legend at the foot (it will be printed in a reduced size).
· Bibliography should be basic (with the title REFERENCES), only mention papers
absolutely relevant for the text included. Citations in the text are the name(s) and
(year) for one or two authors and the first author and et al. (year) in the case of
more.
· REFERENCES. The bibliography should be ordered alphabetically and it should be
written as follows: family name of authors, initials, year of publication, title,
publication name, editorial name, city of publication, volume, and a colon followed
by first and last pages, separated by hyphen). In Edited Books, the authors of the
Chapter, year of publication, title of the chapter, title of the book, the name of
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editorial, city and total pages’ number.
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The third modality of publication will be reserved to Thesis dissertations (Graduated, Master
and PhD) approved with publication mention by the Professoral Jury. The manuscript submitted
should be a reduced and essential version of the original thesis. The Series do not impose a
limiting size of the manuscript but the Editor committee could indicate in each particular case
how long could be the manuscript to be published.
The following indications are relevant:
· The text should be submitted in Times New Roman double space in A4 pages, using
2.5 cm margins. Pages should be numbered in a foot note.
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inside the figure should be legible when reduced to final size and the author must use
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In case of doubt, figures are always preferred by the Committee.
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be legible at the final size (14 x 21cm).
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- Title (300 letters and spaces) in no more than 3 lines.
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nor bibliography).
- Text.
· First order titles, UPPERCASE centered (bold). By example: Introduction,
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illustrations should be balance with the text extension. The total surface used
by the illustrations and tables could no exceed 50% of the total edited paper.
280 PAREDES J. M.
· All citations should be listed in REFERENCES should follows the indications of

the Extended abstract section.
Principal titles of the text (some additions will be allowed if necessary)
· Titles in a three fold hierarchical order.

· Authors list.
· ABSTRACT
· Six key-words
· INTRODUCTION. Antecedents, objectives and hypothesis of the work.
· METHODOLOGY. All the methods used and the bibliography discussion related to
them.
· RESULTS. All the original information produced by the work, and the relevant results
of others mentioned as connected issues.
· DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS. In this title the author will make an analysis of the data
presented. The interpretation of the data should be considered separated from the
analysis.
· CONCLUSIONS. As a brief list of the main and more relevant results and interpretations.
· REFERENCES. List of authors of the papers cited in the text and figure legends, ordered
alphabetically by the first author (Follow the indications of the chapter of Extended
Abstract).
· ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Greetings to people involved in the working process.
· ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Commented additional and relevant bibliography not
mentioned in the text.
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Sedimentary Evolution Of The Golfo San Jorge Basin, Central Patagonia,

Chapter · September 2009

José Matildo Paredes

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Sedimentary Evolution Of The Golfo San Jorge

Grupo de Análisis Estructural y Estratigráfico de Cuencas – Departamento de Geología. Facultad de Cien-

MONDAY 31: GOLFO SAN TUESDAY 01: GOLFO SAN

WEDNESDAY 02: GOLFO SAN Stop 18 . Bajo Barreal Formation,

record of continental environments. The observations will occur on continental

Cretaceous formations, and consists in the Gondwánico), which is evidence of the

volcaniclastics in the Deseado Region it appears to be Early Cretaceous in age.

Basement: The volcanic basement of identified in the subsurface of the GSJB.

TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY deposited over the Sarmiento Formation

Formation, a succession of fine, white Our visit will be restricted to outcrops

Tobas de Koluel Kaike

ted on their main characteristics. This

Canyon and consists of a 215 m thick MATASIETE CANYON

STOP 8. MATASIETE CANYON – LOWER STOP 9.

WEDNESDAY- SEPTEMBER, subdivision is based on subsurface data.

THURSDAY- SEPTEMBER, visited. Fluvial units display major differen-

Palaeocurrents show a consistent Location

sandbodies (Sciutto, 1981; Rodriguez, event that deposited the marine

upward increase in proportion and Ar-Ar dating of pyroclastic strata

STOP 19. LAS PULGAS BASALT –

composed of greenish-grey epiclastic synsedimentary normal fault activity. Foix

fossil woods preserved into glauconitic Straight sandbodies with W/Th<25; c)

REFERENCES Barreda, V.D., Palamarczuk, S. (2000b) Estudio

Hechem, J.J. (1994) Modelo predictivo de reservorios Congreso de Exploración y Desarrollo de

S.D.(Eds.), The Great American Biotic Argentina de Sedimentología , 9(1):53-64.

Miocene), Patagonia Argentina. Latin American Reservorio de las Cuencas Productivas de la

Abstracts of Scientific Meetings related to Basin Analysis

About the abstract contain

About the abstract contain

· Should be an extract of a written major text. It should contain information, analysis

About the presentation of the manuscript

proportional to the permitted sizes in centimeters. It should be allowed a space

The following indications are relevant:

· All citations should be listed in REFERENCES should follows the indications of

Principal titles of the text (some additions will be allowed if necessary)

· Titles in a three fold hierarchical order.

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