019 Handout

An overview of MARPOL and
other legal requirements for

the Protection of the
Environment
CSM In-House training for

Masters & Engine Officers
Revision A – October 2013
Handout
Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Environmental Compliance Plan Training 04.11.2013 1
11/19/2013
An overview of MARPOL and other legal

requirements for the Protection of the
Environment
CSM In-House training for

Masters & Engine Officers
© 2012 | COLUMBIA Shipmanagement | Prepared by: Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd. | Revision A | October 2013.
Sections
• Introduction
1
• MARPOL ANNEX I - Prevention of Pollution by Oil

2
• MARPOL ANNEX II - Prevention of Pollution by Noxious Liquid
3 Substances
• MARPOL ANNEX IV - Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from
4 Ships
• MARPOL ANNEX V - Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from
5 Ships
• MARPOL ANNEX VI - Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships

6
• Water Ballast Management

7
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Introduction
Some History About MARPOL Implementation
Accident of Torrey Canyon 1967

•1959 US built, 60,000 dwt
•Jumboized to 120,000 dwt
•Cargo 120,000 ts of BP oil for Milford
Haven
•Navigational error caused grounding
ripping open 6 tanks
•31,000,000 gallons of oil leaked
•Oil spread along the sea between
England and France
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Some History About MARPOL Implementation
Accident of Amoco Cadiz 1978

•1974 built, carrying 227,000 tonnes of
crude oil
•Ran aground off the coast of Brittany,
France on March 16, 1978
•The whole cargo spilled out as the
breakers spilt the vessel in two,
progressively polluting 360 km of
shoreline
•At the time this was the largest oil spill
by tanker ever registered.
MARPOL Implementation Phases
Adoption of Environmental Regulations

• 1954 OILPOL Convention
Operational Requirements
• Discharge zones (50nm and 100ppm)
• Reception facilities
Just for Oil…
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MARPOL Implementation Phases
Adoption of MARPOL Convention
• Annex I and II - 1983

• Annex III – 1992
• Annex V – 1988
• Annex IV – 2003
• Annex VI - 2005
Not Just for Oil…
General
• The scope of the present training session is to

provide a proactive approach to environmental
management that includes identification of sources of
marine & atmospheric pollution and measures for the
reduction of their impacts.
• CSM is voluntarily committed in continually
improving its environmental performance by adopting
an Environmental Management System (EMS) by which
all environmental aspects of its activities are identified,
addressed, monitored and controlled.
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MARPOL ANNEX I
Prevention of Pollution by Oil
2
This section describes
• The arrangements and procedures for

handling oily bilge water in the E/R and in
cargo space areas (including slops).
• The arrangements and procedures for
handling oil residues (sludge).
• The requirements for discharge within and
outside of special areas, as per Annex I of
MARPOL.
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Definitions
Oily Bilge Water: water which may be contaminated by

oil resulting from leakage or maintenance work in
machinery spaces. Any liquid entering the bilge system
including bilge wells, bilge piping, tank top or bilge
holding tanks is considered oily bilge water.
Oil Residue (Sludge): the residual waste oil products

generated during the normal operation of ship such as
those resulting from the purification of FO or LO for
machineries, waste oil from oil filtering equipment,
waste hydraulic and lubricating oil etc.
Definitions
Oil Residue (Sludge) Tank: tank which holds oil residue

(sludge) from which sludge may be disposed ashore
through the standard discharge connection or any other
approved means for disposal.
Oily Bilge Water Holding Tank: tank collecting oily bilge

water prior to its discharge, transfer or disposal.
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Disposal of Oil
Any discharge overboard of bilges shall be in accordance

with Annex I of MARPOL and local requirements. Bilge
water from E/R bilges is transferred to the waste holding
tanks or bilge tanks. The oily bilge water may be
discharged at sea only if separated through a OWS.
Oil residues/sludges shall be transferred to the sludge

tank for later transfer to reception facilities ashore, or
disposal by steaming, or to be burned in the Incinerator.
Handling of oil sludges
The only lawful way to dispose-off

oil sludges is by discharging to
reception facilities through the
standard discharge connections.
It is forbidden for any piping

to and from sludge tanks to
have direct connection
overboard.
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Oil Water Separator
The OWS is of vital importance for

the oil pollution prevention. Persons
responsible for its use must be
trained and shall ensure that the oily
water mixtures and all residues are
separated effectively and any
discharge is within the limits set by
MARPOL Annex I.
Discharge of oil and oily mixtures into the sea
Discharge of oily bilge water to sea through the OWS is allowed

when:
• The ship is proceeding en route; this broadly means the vessel
to proceed to its intended destination (next port), self-
propelled and at a minimum speed capable in producing wake.
• Discharge is taking place during date time only and under the
supervision of the C/E.
• The oil content of the undiluted effluent does not exceed
15ppm.
• The oily bilge water is processed through the OWS, provided
with alarm and a stoppage device to ensure that the discharge
automatically stops when the oil content exceeds 15ppm.
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Discharge of oil and oily mixtures into the sea
The oily bilge water to be discharged via the OWS must

not originate from cargo pump-room bilges (applicable
for tankers).
The oily bilge water to be discharged via the OWS must

not be mixed with oil cargo residues (applicable for
tankers).
Procedures for discharge of oil and oily

mixtures into the sea
In the Antarctic Sea, any discharge into the sea of oil or

oily mixtures from any ship is prohibited. Any discharge
may also be prohibited and in other areas worldwide,
depending on local regulations
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It is always and absolutely prohibited:

•Uncontrolled discharge of oil and oil residues to the
sea
•Discharge of oil, oil residues and oily water through
bypassing of the OWS / OCM / ODME equipment
(as applicable).

Characteristic photos of illegal discharges :
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Bilge main cross connections

The following measures must be taken onboard in case of
existing permanent interconnections:
• The deck plates above or near these cross connections
and the valve bodies and associated hand wheels shall
be painted with “international orange colour”.
• A brightly coloured sign with 3 inch letters (height) shall
be permanently fixed nearby. The sign text shall be
read: “Bilge System piping crossover-Emergency use
only”.
• All blank and spectacle flanges isolating the bilge from

the sludge system and both from sea water systems
shall be permanently secured.
Bilge main cross connections
The following are strictly prohibited:

• The use of active cross connections between the
bilge suction piping from E/R bilge wells/bilge tanks
and the suction of E/R pumps, other than the
dedicated bilge pump.
• Connection of the bilge suction piping to the fire,
general service, sea water cooling and ballast
pumps via existing permanent piping and valves or
via temporary hose connections.
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Slop Handling
Slops which result from any ballast or cargo

operation, tank cleaning, line washing or flushing
etc. must never be directly discharged to sea and
must be retained in the slop tanks.
Any water underneath the slops should be carefully

and slowly discharged via the Oil Discharge Monitor
(ODME) and must be monitored by the slop tank
oily/water detector.
Slop Handling
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Slop Handling
Discharging of slops at sea must only be carried when:
• ODME and control system is operational and in use and slop tank
arrangement is available.
• Vessel is NOT in a special area, as per MARPOL Annex I.
• Vessel is more than 50 nm from the nearest land / baseline as
defined by MARPOL.
• Vessel is proceeding en route; this broadly means the vessel to
proceed to its intended destination (next port), self-propelled and
at a minimum speed capable in producing wake.
• The instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does NOT
exceed 30 liters per nm.
• Total quantity of oil discharge into the sea must NOT exceed
1/30000 of the total quantity of the particular cargo of which the
residue formed a part.
Special Areas under MARPOL Annex I

Date of Entry
Special Areas Adopted In Effect From
into Force
Mediterranean Sea 2 Nov 1973 2 Oct 1983 2 Oct 1983
Baltic Sea 2 Nov 1973 2 Oct 1983 2 Oct 1983
Black Sea 2 Nov 1973 2 Oct 1983 2 Oct 1983
Red Sea 2 Nov 1973 2 Oct 1983 -
"Gulfs" area 2 Nov 1973 2 Oct 1983 1 Aug 2008
Gulf of Aden 1 Dec 1987 1 Apr 1989 -
Antarctic area 16 Nov 1990 17 Mar 1992 17 Mar 1992
North West European
25 Sept 1997 1 Feb 1999 1 Aug 1999
Waters
Oman area of the
15 Oct 2004 1 Jan 2007 -
Arabian Sea
Southern South
13 Oct 2006 1 Mar 2008 1 Aug 2008
African waters
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Bilge, Sludge and Slop management record

keeping
Details of all bunker / LO loading

ORB (part I) and E/R handling operations of oil
and oily mixtures
Details of cargo, ballast, STS

operations, tank cleaning, E/R
ORB (part II) bilge transfer to slop/cargo tank
operations, slop handling
and discharging

keeping
E/R bilge alarms weekly

Bilge alarm
tests for manned E/R Operation &
Test records
DAILY when operating in UMS mode
Bilge & sludge Whenever bilges & sludges

receipts are delivered to shore facilities
OCM/ODME Records of calibration / Calibration

Calibration – Certificates or Records for OCM’s cell
or renewal records renewal
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keeping
Extraordinary operations related to
the bunker and E/R FO & LO tanks
Engine logbook
Unintended/accidental release of water,
FO & LO from E/R machinery
Weekly records of E/R waste oil,

Tank sludge & bilge tank retained
Sounding Log quantities in ORB -
enhanced by twice per day
measurements and record keeping as
per CSM procedures
MARPOL ANNEX II
Prevention of Pollution by Noxious
Liquid Substances
3
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Categories of Noxious Liquid Substances

Present a major hazard to
Category X marine resources and
If discharged into the human health
sea from tank cleaning
or de-ballasting
Present hazard to
Category Y marine resources and
human health
Present a minor hazard to

Category Z marine resources and
human health
Present no harm
Other substances to marine resources or
human health
Procedures & Arrangements (P&A) Manual
Each ship is provided with a ship-specific PROCEDURES &

ARRANGEMENTS Manual (P&A) describing all physical
arrangements and operational procedures related to ship’s
cargo operations.
The purpose of a P&A Manual is to identify the

arrangements and equipment required to enable compliance
with Annex II and to identify for the ship’s officers all
operational procedures with respect to cargo handling, tank
cleaning, slops handling, residue discharging, ballasting and
de-ballasting, which must be followed in order to comply
with the requirements of MARPOL Annex II.
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Procedures & Arrangements (P&A) Manual
P&A Manual, together with the following documents:

Cargo Record Book;
Noxious Liquid Substances Certificate (as per MARPOL)
OR International Certificate of Fitness (as per IBC
Code), as applicable, depending on the cargo category;
will be used in order to ensure compliance with the
requirements of MARPOL Annex II.
Approval of the P&A Manual by the Flag or Class is

mandatory
Discharge provisions
• Before any prewash or discharge procedure is

carried out, the relevant tank shall be emptied to
the maximum extent (according to applicable
stripping requirements).
• The carriage of substances, which have not been

categorized and are contained in residues, shall be
prohibited along with any consequential discharge
of such substances into the sea.
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Discharge standards
Where, subject to MARPOL Annex II Reg.13, the discharge into
the sea of residues of Noxious Liquid Substances is allowed, the
following shall apply:
• The ship is proceeding en route (that is proceeding to its next
port of call) at a speed of at least 7 kn (for self-propelled
ships).
• The discharge is made below the waterline through the
underwater discharge outlet(s) is(are) designed.
• The discharge is made at a distance of not less than 12 nm
from the nearest land / baseline as defined by MARPOL and
in a depth of not less than 25m.
De-ballasting from a cargo tank is also subject to above

provisions.
Discharge standards
For ships constructed before 1/1/2007 the

discharge into the sea of residues of substances in
Category Z below the waterline is not mandatory.
Antarctic Sea is considered as Special Area as per

Annex II; in this context, in Antarctic Sea, as well as
in other areas as per local regulations, any
discharge into the sea of noxious liquid substances
or mixtures containing such substances is
prohibited.
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Points to remember from Annex II Reg.13:
Category X Substances:
After the unloading of a Category X substance, the relevant tank shall
be prewashed before the ship leaves the port of unloading. The resulting
residues shall be discharged to a reception facility until the concentration
of the substance in the effluent to such facility is at or below 0.1% by
weight. When the required concentration level has been achieved,
remaining tank washings shall continue to be discharged to the reception
facility until the tank is empty.
Any water subsequently introduced into the tank may be discharged

into the sea in accordance with the discharge standards mentioned before
Points to remember from Annex II Reg.13:

Categories Y and Z Substances:
With respect to the residue discharge procedures for substances in
Category Y or Z the discharge standards, previously displayed shall apply
(prewash is not always necessary).
Especially for High-Viscosity or Solidifying Substances in Category Y the

following shall also apply:
• The residue/water mixture generated during the prewash shall be

discharged to a reception facility until the tank is empty; and
• Any water subsequently introduced into the tank may be discharged into
the sea in accordance with the above mentioned discharge standards
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Handling of Chemical Cargoes
Whenever a nominated cargo is a chemical cargo,

the Master should verify whether it is included in the
list of substances that the vessel is certified to carry
Handling of Chemical Cargoes

Information regarding the Chemical Cargoes to be carried should be
available on board and include a cargo stowage plan indicating all
cargoes on board, including for each dangerous chemical to be carried:
• A full description of the physical and chemical properties, including
reactivity, necessary for the safe containment of the cargo.
• Action to be taken in the event of oil spill.
• Countermeasures against accidental personal contact.
• Fire fighting procedures and fire fighting media.
• Procedures for cargo transfer, tank cleaning, gas freeing and
ballasting.
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MARPOL ANNEX IV
Prevention of Pollution by Sewage
Sewage refers to
Drainage and other wastes from any form of toilets and

urinals
Drainage from medical premises (dispensary, sick bay,

etc.) via wash basins, wash tubs and scuppers located in
such premises
Drainage from spaces containing living animals
Other waste waters when mixed with the drainages

defined above
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Sewage Discharge Rate

The maximum permissible discharge rate of untreated sewage is
1/200,000 (or one 200,000th part) of swept volume, calculated as
follows:
DRmax = 0.00926VDB
where:
DRmax is the maximum permissible discharge rate (m3/h).
V is the ship’s average speed (knots) over the period.
D is Draft (m).
B is Breadth (m).
Sewage Discharge Rate
SPEED
4 6 8 10 12
(kt)
DRAFT
(m)
5 4.63 6.94 9.26 11.57 13.89
6 5.56 8.33 11.11 13.89 16.67
7 6.48 9.72 12.96 16.20 19.45
8 7.41 11.11 14.82 18.52 22.22
9 8.33 12.50 16.67 20.83 25.00
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Requirements for sewage discharge
According to some National requirements, the

discharge of sewage is not allowed when the ship is
in their port or within their territorial waters. In this
case, National and Local regulations shall be
followed, superseding Annex IV restrictions.
From an approved STP:

• Distance from land No restrictions
• Ship’s speed No restrictions
• The effluent shall not produce visible floating
solids nor cause discoloration of the
surrounding water
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Sewage comminuted and disinfected from a

holding tank :
• Distance from land 3 miles
• Ship’s speed not less than 4 knots
• Sewage stored in holding tanks shall not be
discharged instantaneously but a moderate
rate when ship is en route
Sewage not comminuted or disinfected from a

holding tank:
• Distance from land 12 miles
• Ship’s speed not less than 4 knots
• Sewage stored in holding tanks shall not be
discharged instantaneously but at a moderate
rate when the ship is en route
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Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) operation and

maintenance
The STP must be operated and maintained

according to maker’s instructions. Records of
maintenance/repair are to be maintained.
Sewage holding tank
In case the vessel is equipped with a sewage holding

tank in lieu of the STP, the former must be of sufficient
capacity to hold the generated black and grey water for
the maximum time the vessel is normally expected to
sail within the limits where discharge is prohibited. The
holding tank must have means to indicate visually the
amount of its contents.
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Sewage holding tank
The holding tank must be equipped with a high level

alarm and flushing line or other equipment
according to the requirements of the vessel’s Flag
State.
MARPOL ANNEX V
Prevention of Pollution by Garbage
5
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General
Garbage means all kinds of victual, domestic wastes

and operational wastes, generated during the
normal operation of the ship. Garbage does not
include fresh fish and parts thereof generated as a
result of fishing activities.
General
100 GT and Above
Shall carry a
All ships Garbage
Management Plan
Certified to carry 15
or more persons
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General
12 meters or more in length overall Must permanently post

a Placard for
All ships discharging Garbage
and the Penalties for
failure to comply
General
400 GT and Above

Shall carry a
All ships Garbage Record
Book
Certified to carry 15
or more persons
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Example of garbage bins from rust-free, non-

combustible material
Sea Garbage Discharge Regulations

Type of garbage Ships outside special areas Ships within special areas
Discharge permitted Discharge permitted

Food waste comminuted or ground ≥3 nm from the nearest land, en ≥12 nm from the nearest land, en
route and as far as practicable route and as far as practicable
Discharge permitted
Food waste not comminuted or
≥12 nm from the nearest land, en Discharge prohibited
ground
route and as far as practicable
Cargo residues not contained in wash

Discharge prohibited
water
Discharge permitted
≥12 nm from the nearest land, en Discharge permitted
Cargo residues contained in wash route and as far as practicable ≥12 nm from the nearest land, en
water route, as far as practicable and
subject to additional conditions
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Discharge permitted
≥12 nm from the nearest land,
Cleaning agents and additives
en route, as far as practicable
contained in cargo hold wash water
and subject to additional
Discharge permitted
conditions
Cleaning agents and additives in deck

Discharge permitted
and external surfaces wash water
Carcasses of animals carried on Discharge permitted

board as cargo and which died during as far from the nearest land as Discharge prohibited
the voyage possible and en route
All other garbage including

plastics, synthetic ropes,
fishing gear, plastic
garbage bags, incinerator
ashes, clinkers, cooking oil, Discharge prohibited Discharge prohibited
floating dunnage, lining and
packing materials, paper,
rags, glass, metal, bottles,
crockery and similar refuse
When garbage is mixed with or contaminated by other substances
Mixed garbage prohibited from discharge or having different discharge requirements, the
more stringent requirements shall apply
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Special Areas under Annex V: Garbage

Date of
Special Areas Adopted # Entry into In Effect From
Force
Mediterranean
2 Nov 1973 31 Dec 1988 1 May 2009
Sea
Baltic Sea 2 Nov 1973 31 Dec 1988 1 Oct 1989
Black Sea 2 Nov 1973 31 Dec 1988 -
Red Sea 2 Nov 1973 31 Dec 1988 -
"Gulfs" area 2 Nov 1973 31 Dec 1988 1 Aug 2008
North Sea 17 Oct 1989 18 Feb 1991 18 Feb 1991
Antarctic area
(south of latitude 16 Nov 1990 17 Mar 1992 17 Mar 1992
60 degrees south)
Wider Caribbean
region including
the Gulf of Mexico 4 Jul 1991 4 Apr 1993 1 May 2011
and the Caribbean
Sea
Segregation Categories of Garbage

Segregation Categories Marking and Stenciling the containers
Plastics “Plastic” (Yellow)

Incinerator Ashes “Incinerator Ashes” (Black)
Food Waste “Food Waste” (Green)
Cooking Oil Labelled only
Rags Labelled only
Recyclable Garbage
• Glass “Glass” (Blue)
• Aluminium cans Aluminium cans (Grey)
• Paper, cardboard, corrugated board Labelled only
• Wood “Wood” (Brown)
• Metal “Metal” (Grey)
Hazardous Waste “Red”
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MARPOL ANNEX VI
Prevention of Air Pollution
6
General
All shipboard operations will be carried

out according to MARPOL Annex VI and
National/ regional requirements.
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Responsibilities
The C/E is responsible for the proper

maintenance of main engines and auxiliary
machineries to improve their performance
and reduce air pollution.
Reduction of NOx emissions
All vessels with diesel engines installed onboard on or

after 1/1/2000 with power output more than 130kw have
to comply with the NOx regulation
This regulation applies also on older engines, installed

onboard prior to 1/1/2000 but which undergo a
conversion of engine systems & components that affect
the engines NOx emissions, or increase the engine MCR
more than 10% after this date
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Requirements do not apply to engines installed on

board and used solely in case of an emergency. For
example emergency generator, lifeboat engines, etc.
Ozone production from NOx pollutants: Oxygen atoms freed

from nitrogen dioxide by the action of sunlight attack oxygen
molecules to make ozone. Nitrogen oxide can combine with
ozone to reform nitrogen dioxide, and the cycle repeats.
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For the engines affected by the NOx regulation, the

NOx emission limits calculated as the total weighed
emission of NOx, dependent on the engine crankshaft
RPM, are as follows:
• 17.0 g/kWh when RPM are less than 130.
• 45.0 x n-0.2 g/kwh, when RPM are between 130 and
2000.
• 9.8g/kwh, when RPM are more than 2000.

Engine Certification and survey requirements
Engine Technical File: Contains the identification of all
originally installed components and settings which affect
NOx emissions
Engine International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate:

Is a statement of compliance supplemented by the Engine
Technical File
Air Pollution Prevention Certificate: It remains valid only

if the Engine compliance with NOx regulation is validated
at every IAPP survey
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Reduction
Reduction ofof
NOxNOx emissions
emissions

To ensure engines compliance with NOx regulation, an
inspection method is employed by Class surveyors,
based on checking the following:
• The EIAPP certificate is available for each engine.
• The Engine NOx emission affecting components, as
detailed in the Technical File, are maintained in good
condition.
• Components replacement complies with the
Technical File requirements and is recorded in the
“Record Book of Engine Parameters’’.
Reduction
Reduction of of
NOxNOx emissions
emissions
• The engine settings affecting NOx emissions are

maintained within the limits detailed in the Technical
File; any adjustments are recorded in the “Record
Book of Engine Parameters’’.
• Inspection of engine components included in the
Technical File as per the “Onboard Verification
Procedure’’ attached to the Technical File.
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Since the “Engine Parameter Check’’ is an indirect

method, the following additional documents should
become available to the surveyor:
• Engine logbook parameter records (mainly exhaust
gas temperatures, but also fuel, lube oil, cooling
water and charge air temperatures and pressures).
• Records/diagrams of compression and combustion
pressures.
Maintaining the engines according to NOx

regulations
The C/E must ensure that:
• Operational parameters logged at regular intervals
are within the maker’s specified limits.
• Suitable components are used and their ID numbers
recorded in the “Record Book of Engine Parameters’’,
whenever a replacement of components is carried
out.
• Whenever adjustments are carried out to engine
settings, these are within the specified range and
recorded in the “Record Book of Engine Parameters”.
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Reduction of SOx emissions
The purpose of these procedures is to ensure that

vessels’ operations fully comply with the MARPOL
Annex VI requirements for Sulphur Oxides (SOx)
emissions, as enhanced by local / regional
requirements, both inside and outside Emission
Control Areas.
Reduction of SOx emissions
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Emission Control Areas
The Baltic Sea Area and the North Sea Area
The North American Area
Any other sea, including any port area, designated by the IMO

Baltic Sea Area and the North sea Area
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North America
Regional restrictions for SOx in excess to

Annex VI
California State Emission Control (Air Resources Board)
California waters and 24NM of the California baseline
Mandatory use of either MGO or MDO with the set maximum

Sulphur limits to main propulsion engines auxiliary engines and
boilers. HFO is not allowed to be used.
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Regional restrictions for SOx in excess to

Annex VI
European Union and Turkish Ports
Vessel’s berthed and using Engines and Boilers for power and
steam production (not for maneuvering) must consume fuel oil
(HFO/MGO/MDO) with sulphur content below 0,1%.
Maximum Permitted Sulphur Content of Fuel

Sulphur
Enforcement
limit Grade Operating area Reference
date
(% m/m)
Global limit Revised MARPOL Annex VI adopted by Res. MEPC.
3.50 All grades
(since 01/01/2012) 176(58)
EC territory and waters
0.10 MGO Directive 1999/32/EC as amended.
(since 01/01/2008)
Revised MARPOL Annex VI adopted by Res. MEPC.
1.00 All grades Baltic ECA & North Sea ECA
176(58)
1.00 MGO (DMA) CARB Marine Notice 2012-1 (mandatory use of
either MGO or MDO
Already in California waters and 24
with the set maximum sulphur limits to main
force NM of the
0.50 MDO (DMB) California baseline propulsion
diesel engines, aux. diesel engines and boilers.
HFO is not allowed to be used)
EC & Turkish inland
waterways and Directive 1999/32/EC as amended & Turkish
0.10 All grades
when berthed at EC & Maritime Regulations
Turkish ports
1.00 All grades North America ECA MARPOL Annex VI amended on 26th March 2010
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Maximum Permitted Sulphur Content of Fuel
Sulphu
Enforcement r limit
Grade Operating area Reference
date (%
m/m)
1 January
1.00 All grades US Caribbean ECA MARPOL Annex VI amended on 15th July 2011
2014
CARB (mandatory use of either MGO or MDO with the

MGO
California waters and set maximum
1 January (DMA)
0.10 24 NM of the California sulphur limit to main propulsion diesel engines,
2014 MDO
baseline auxiliary diesel
(DMB)
engines and boilers. HFO is not allowed to be used)
North America ECA,

1 January Revised MARPOL Annex VI adopted by Res. MEPC.
0.10 All grades US Caribbean ECA,
2015 176(58)
Baltic ECA & North Sea ECA
1 January Revised MARPOL Annex VI adopted by Res. MEPC.

0.50 All grades Global limit
2020 176(58)
Control of Volatile Organic Compounds
Vessels carrying crude oil and trading in terminals

at which VOCs’ emissions are to be regulated
must be provided with a Volatile Organic
Compounds Management Plan.
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Control of Vapour Emissions
Vessels undergoing closed operations in terminals, at

which vapour emissions are to be controlled, must be
provided with:
• A Vapour Emission Control System (VECS), approved
by the Administration.
• A Vapour Emission Control Manual, which covers all
necessary procedures, including crew training
requirements.
All cargo discharge, COW and cargo tank ballasting

operations must be carried out in a manner that prevents
the emission of hydrocarbon vapours to atmosphere. This
can be effected by methods which result in displaced
vapour being retained onboard or sent to the shore
facility.
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Emergency
In the event of any problems arising from an emission
free operation, then all operations should be stopped and
pressure released to atmosphere if required.
Gauging and Sampling

Availability of gauging and sampling points through
vapour lock enables these operations to be carried out
without releasing the tank pressure.
Funnel Smoke. In many ports the discharge of smoke

from the funnel is prohibited
Inert Gas. The IG plant must be operated as per maker’s

instructions
Crude Oil Washing. COW should generally be conducted

during cargo discharge operation
Vapour Balancing. Is a simultaneous cargo and ballast

transfer operation, with vapour from the ballasted cargo
tanks being transferred to those tanks from which cargo
is being discharged
44
11/19/2013
Control of emissions produced by shipboard

waste and garbage incineration
Incineration of the following substances is prohibited:
• Cargo residues of crude oil and oil like substance cargoes,
chemical cargoes included in Chapter 17 of the IBC Code.
• Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which are mainly liquid
substances used as coolants and lubricators in electrical
apparatus like transformers.
• Garbage when containing more than traces of heavy metal.
• Refined petroleum products containing halogen compounds.
• Polyvinyl Chlorides (PVCs) unless the Incinerator is IMO type
approved for burning these substances.
• Cargo residues of harmful substances (IMDG code), and Noxious
Liquid Substances.
Control of emissions of shipboard refrigerants

During installation, maintenance and final disposal of equipment
containing refrigerants, those containing Ozone Depleting
Substances (ODS) are controlled by MARPOL Annex VI; in this
context, the deliberate emission of the following substances to the
air is strictly prohibited:
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)
• Halon
• Carbon tetrachloride, Methyl chloroform
• Hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs)
• Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCS) (R22, R141b)
• Methyl Bromide
• Bromochloromethane (BCM)
45
11/19/2013
Control of emissions of shipboard

shipboard refrigerants
Refrigerants are categorized as follows with respect to their
contribution on Ozone Depletion:
Category 1 / Prohibited in new installations from 19/5/1995:

Halon, R11, R12, R13, R111, R112, R113, R114, R115, R211, R212,
R213, R214, R215, R216, R217.
Category 2 / Prohibited in new installations from 1/1/2020:

R21, R22, R31,R121 to R124, R131 to R133, R141 to R142
R151, R221 to R226, R231 to R235, R241 to R244, R251 to R253,
R261 to R262, R271
Category 3 / No restriction apply:

R290, R134a, R32, R404a, R407a, R407b, R407c, R410a, R413,
R417, R507, R600, R717, CO2.

refrigerants
How an Ozone Depleting Substance (ODS), such as
the CFCs, destroys the Ozone
46
11/19/2013

refrigerants
As per the CSM’s practice, regardless the category the
available onboard refrigerants belong (refer to the previous
table), they are always handled, as well as the containing
equipment, as Ozone Depleting Substances and in this respect
implementation of the MARPOL Annex VI requirements for
handling ODS are enforced by the Company’s procedures as a
standard.
Refrigerants used onboard and equipment containing such

substances, shall be delivered to appropriate reception facilities
when removed from ships

refrigerants
For monitoring purposes the following records must be
maintained onboard regarding refrigerants:
• A list of equipment using / containing Refrigerants
together with the type of substance being used.
• Refrigerants Record Book, when rechargeable
systems containing refrigerants are available
onboard.
47
11/19/2013
Control of emissions of shipboard refrigerants
Refrigerants Record Book
• recharge, full or partial, of equipment containing refrigerants;

• repair or maintenance of equipment containing refrigerants;
• discharge of refrigerants to atmosphere (deliberate and
non-deliberate);
• discharge of refrigerants to reception facilities;
• supply of refrigerants to the ship; and
• recovered refrigerants quantities
Leak Detection Procedure
When any refrigerants is being used:

• A leak detection system appropriate to the applicable
refrigerant is to be provided to monitor continuously the
spaces into which the refrigerant could leak.
• An alarm is to be given in a permanently manned location
when the concentration of the refrigerant in the space
exceeds a predetermined limit (approx. 1st alarm level at
250ppm and 2nd alarm level at 500ppm for CFCs).
• Independently to the above leak monitoring system, and to
reduce the possibility of leaks occurring, periodic leak
detection should be undertaken.
48
11/19/2013
The following recommendations are considered acceptable

for the periodicity of leak detection:
Charge Example of System Type Periodicity

Bottle cooler, walk-in chambers, split A/C
< 3 kg Yearly
units
3 ≤ 30 kg Control room A/C, small provision chambers Quarterly
Cargo ship accommodation A/C, provision
30 ≤ 300 kg Monthly
rooms
300 kg & over Cargo refrigeration plants, passenger ship A/C Weekly *
* interval may be extended depending on the number of leaks being found
Systems are to be arranged with suitable means of

isolation so that maintenance, servicing or repair work
may be undertaken without releasing the refrigerant
charge into the atmosphere
49
11/19/2013
Pump – Down Procedure
Pump down means that refrigerant in the refrigeration

system is collected temporarily in the condenser. Pump
down is required when:
• The refrigerant circuit needs repair;
• The unit cooler is stopped for a prolonged period; or
• It is moved to minimize the risk due to refrigerant
leakage.
CO2 emissions
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

• An inevitable product when we get energy from
burning the carbon in fuel.
• Responsible for global warming and climate change.
• Directly proportional to the amount of energy
released and disproportional to the energy
conversion efficiency.
Increased Energy Less CO2

efficiency emissions
50
11/19/2013
CO2 emissions
EEDI
Shipyard
IMO
MBMs SEEMP
Initiatives
Markets and Traders?
EEOI Ship owner/operator
EEDI and SEEMP mandatory from 1/1/2013

EEOI voluntary - MBMs are currently under discussion
CO2 emissions- EEDI
Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI):

 M  nME  M    neff 
∏ f j  ∑PME(i) ⋅ CFME(i) ⋅ SFCME(i)  + (PAE ⋅ CFAE ⋅ SFCAE) + ∏ f j ⋅ ∑PPTI(i) − ∑ feff (i) ⋅PAEeff(i)  ⋅CFAE ⋅ SFCAE − ∑ feff (i) ⋅ Peff(i) ⋅CFME⋅ SFCME 
nPTI neff
 j=1  i=1  
    j=1 i=1 i=1    i=1 
fi ⋅ Capacity
⋅Vref ⋅ fW
51
11/19/2013
CO2 emissions- EEDI

EEDI Equation – Key Components:
Energy saving Energy saving
Main Aux.
tech. for auxiliary tech. for main
engine(s) engine(s) power power
 M  nME   M nPTI neff

   neff 
 ∏ f j  ∑ PME (i ) ⋅ C FME (i ) ⋅ SFCME (i )  + (PAE ⋅ C FAE ⋅ SFC AE ) +  ∏ f j ⋅ ∑ PPTI(i) − ∑ f eff(i) ⋅PAEeff(i)  ⋅ C FAE ⋅ SFC AE  −  ∑ f eff (i ) ⋅ Peff (i ) ⋅ C FME ⋅ SFC ME 
   
 j =1  i =1   j =1 i =1 i =1    i =1 
f i ⋅ Capacity ⋅ Vref ⋅ fW
CO2 emissions- EEDI
EEDI Applicability:
• Vessels of > 400 GT
• Building contract placed on/after 1 January 2013
• In the absence of contract, keel laid after
1/7/2013 or the delivery of which is on/after
1/7/2015; or in cases of a major conversion of a
new or existing ship, on / after 1/1/2013
• NOT applicable to vessels sailing entirely within
flag state waters
• NOT applicable to vessels with Diesel-Electric,
Turbine or Hybrid Propulsion
52
11/19/2013
CO2 emissions- EEOI
Energy Efficiency Operation Index (EEOI):
• EEOI is an approach to assess the efficiency of a

ship with respect to CO2 emissions.
EEOI = Environmental Cost / Benefit to Society

(measured as grams CO2 / tonnes x nautical mile)
• EEOI = (Emitted CO2)/(Transport Work), i.e. the

ratio of mass of CO2 (M) emitted per unit of
transport work.
CO2 emissions- Ship Energy Efficiency

Management Plan
SEEMP Applicability:
(according to Resolution MEPC.203(62))
• All vessels of > 400 GT

• Each vessel to be provided with a ship-specific
SEEMP not later than the first intermediate or
renewal survey (whichever is first) on or after 1
January 2013.
• The attending Class surveyor will check that the
SEEMP is onboard and subsequently issue the
International Energy Efficiency Certificate (IEEC).
53
11/19/2013
BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT
Water Ballast Management

Every ship that carries ballast water should be provided with a

Water Ballast Management Plan to assist in the minimization
of transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens.
Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd. Protection of the Environment
54
11/19/2013
Ballast Exchange Methods

• Sequential Method
Following parameters shall be checked at every step:

Fore & aft draft
Trim
GM
Heeling angle
Bridge visibility
Longitudinal strength
Ballast Exchange Methods

• Flow-through Method
Caution is needed in order to avoid:

Overpressure/sucking of the ballast tanks
Damage to air pipes (if used for discharging
ballast water)
Can not be implemented in low temperatures
due to ice formation
55
11/19/2013
Ballast Treatment
• An approved system shall be selected

• US have approved only some of them under AMS
(temporary approval)
• Spatial requirements in relation to the capacity of
the system shall be examined
• Energy consumption shall be taken into account.
Ballast Water Management Plan
Every ship that carries ballast water should be provided

with a Ballast Water Management Plan (BWMP) to assist
in the minimization of transfer of harmful aquatic
organisms and pathogens.
BWMP should be ship-specific and approved by the Flag.
56
11/19/2013
Some practical issues
The uptake of ballast water should be minimized or,

where practicable, avoided in areas and situations
such as:
• In darkness when bottom dwelling organisms may
rise up in the water column;
• In very shallow water; or
• Where propellers may stir up sediment.
Some practical issues
Where practicable, routine cleaning of the ballast tank

to remove sediments should be carried out in mid
ocean or under controlled arrangements in port or dry
dock, in accordance with the ship's Ballast Water
Management Plan..
If it is necessary to take on and discharge ballast water

in the same port to facilitate cargo operations, care
should be taken to avoid unnecessary discharge of
ballast water that has been taken up in another port..
57
11/19/2013
An overview of MARPOL and

other Legal requirements for
Thank you for your attention…
the Protection of the
Environment
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An overview of MARPOL and

other legal requirements for

CSM In-House training for

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

An overview of MARPOL and other legal

CSM In-House training for

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

• MARPOL ANNEX I - Prevention of Pollution by Oil

• MARPOL ANNEX VI - Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships

• Water Ballast Management

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Some History About MARPOL Implementation

Accident of Torrey Canyon 1967

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Some History About MARPOL Implementation

Accident of Amoco Cadiz 1978

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

MARPOL Implementation Phases

Adoption of Environmental Regulations

Just for Oil…

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

MARPOL Implementation Phases

Adoption of MARPOL Convention

• Annex I and II - 1983

Not Just for Oil…

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

• The scope of the present training session is to

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

This section describes

• The arrangements and procedures for

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Oily Bilge Water: water which may be contaminated by

Oil Residue (Sludge): the residual waste oil products

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Oil Residue (Sludge) Tank: tank which holds oil residue

Oily Bilge Water Holding Tank: tank collecting oily bilge

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Any discharge overboard of bilges shall be in accordance

Oil residues/sludges shall be transferred to the sludge

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Handling of oil sludges

The only lawful way to dispose-off

It is forbidden for any piping

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Oil Water Separator

The OWS is of vital importance for

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Discharge of oil and oily mixtures into the sea

Discharge of oily bilge water to sea through the OWS is allowed

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Discharge of oil and oily mixtures into the sea

The oily bilge water to be discharged via the OWS must

The oily bilge water to be discharged via the OWS must

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Procedures for discharge of oil and oily

In the Antarctic Sea, any discharge into the sea of oil or

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.

Procedures for discharge of oil and oily

It is always and absolutely prohibited:

Alpha Marine Consulting Ltd.