Biomechanics Assignment 1 Answers

Dr. Waleed M. Altalabi

Name: …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Part 1:
1- Match the different parts of a lever to the correct description: (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, slides
73&85)

Fulcrum: muscles used to move the load.

Load: the pivot that is the point of movement

Effort: the body's own weight/piece of sporting equipment.

2-Match the concept to the correct definition: (001 Introduction-to-BioMechanics-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 31)

Plastic body: is one that cannot be deformed.

Viscosity: is defined as one in which all deformations are recoverable upon removal of
external forces.

Rigid body: undergoes permanent (unrecoverable) deformations.

Elastic body: is a fluid property which is a quantitative measure of resistance to flow.

3-Match the right movement to its description: (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 23)

Flexion: movement away from midline.

Extension: increases angle of a joint.

Abduction: decreases angle of a joint.

Adduction: movement toward midline.

Part 2: MCQs
1-Choose the CORRECT statement: (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 28)

A. The elbow joint is composed of three separate articulations: trochlea, humerus, and ulna.
B. The elbow joint is composed of three separate articulations: capitulum, humerus, and ulna.
C. The elbow joint is composed of three separate articulations: radius, humerus, and ulna.
D. The elbow joint is composed of three separate articulations: radius, capitulum, and ulna.

2-Choose the INCORRECT statement from the four below. (001 Introduction-to-BioMechanics-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx,
Slide 33)

A. Mass is the amount of matter contained in an object.

B. Gravity is the name of the force that acts between any objects with mass.
C. Weight is the pressure with which earth’s gravity acts on an object. (Weight is the Force with which earth’s
gravity acts on an object.)
D. Length is a concept for describing size quantitatively.
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3- Consider the action of moving from having both feet flat on the ground to standing on

“tip toes”. Which of the following correctly identifies the fulcrum, the load force, the effort

force and the lever? (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 83)

A. Fulcrum is the heel, load is the body’s weight, effort is the pull of the hamstrings, lever is the tarsal bones of the
foot.
B. Fulcrum is the ball of the foot, load is the body’s weight, effort is the pull of the calf muscles, lever is the tarsal
and metatarsal bones of the foot.
C. Fulcrum is the ankle, load is the weight of the foot, effort is the pull of the hamstrings, lever is the tibia & fibula
bones.
D. Fulcrum is the knee, load is the weight of the foot, effort is the pull of the calf muscles, lever is the tibia & fibula
bones.

4- which of the following is CORRECT? (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 4)

A. In mechanics, the term disequilibrium implies that the body of concern is either at rest or moving with a
constant velocity.
B. In mechanics, the term disequilibrium implies that the body of concern is either at rest or moving with a variant
velocity.
C. In mechanics, the term equilibrium implies that the body of concern is either at rest or moving with a constant
velocity.
D. In mechanics, the term equilibrium implies that the body of concern is either at rest or moving with a variant
velocity.

5- Choose the TRUE statement: (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 22)

A. Movement of human body segments is achieved as a result of forces generated by skeletal muscles that convert
physical energy into mechanical work.
B. Movement of human body segments is achieved as a result of pressure generated by skeletal muscles that
convert chemical energy into mechanical work.
C. Movement of human body segments is not achieved as a result of forces generated by skeletal muscles that
convert chemical energy into mechanical work.
D. Movement of human body segments is achieved as a result of forces generated by skeletal muscles that convert
chemical energy into mechanical work.

6- Choose the CORRECT meaning of kinesiology: (001 Introduction-to-BioMechanics-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 21)

A. Kinesiology comes from two Greek verbs that translated literally means “the movement of Animals”.
B. Kinesiology comes from two Greek verbs that translated literally means “the study of movement”.
C. Kinesiology comes from two Greek verbs that translated literally means “the movement of human”
D. Kinesiology comes from two Greek verbs that translated literally means “the movement of human, animals, and
planets”

7- Most of our bones that articulate at freely movable joints can be described as third-class levers. What does this
mean? (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 85)

A. they are “efficient” levers

B. the “effort arm” is longer than the “load arm”
C. the muscle’s tendon is inserted between the load and the joint
D. the muscle’s tendon is inserted close to the joint

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8- Which one of the following statements is TRUE? (001 Introduction-to-BioMechanics-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 32)

A. Kinematics: is a branch of dynamics that deals with the geometry and time-dependent aspects of motion with
considering the forces causing the motion. (e.g, how fast, how high, etc. such as displacement, velocity, and
acceleration)
B. Kinetics: is based on kinematics, and it includes the effects of forces and masses in the analysis. (e.g, how fast,
how high, etc. such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration)
C. Kinematics: is a branch of dynamics that deals with the geometry and time-dependent aspects of motion
without considering the forces causing the motion. (e.g, how fast, how high, etc. such as displacement, velocity,
and acceleration)
D. Kinetics: is a branch of dynamics that deals with the geometry and time-dependent aspects of motion without
considering the forces causing the motion. (e.g, how fast, how high, etc. such as displacement, velocity, and
acceleration)

9- Which one of the statements is FALSE? (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 10)

A. The musculoskeletal system is made up of the body’s bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and
other connective tissue that support and bind tissues and organs together.
B. The Locomotor system is made up of the body’s bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other
connective tissue that support and bind tissues and organs together.
C. The musculoskeletal system is made up of the body’s bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints, and other connective
tissue that support and bind tissues and organs together.
D. The skeletal system is made up of the body’s bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that
support and bind tissues and organs together.

10- Which of the following statements is NOT definition of biomechanics? (001 Introduction-to-BioMechanics-Waleed-
Altalabi.pptx, Slide 11)

A. A field that combines the disciplines of biology and engineering mechanics and utilizes the tools of physics,
mathematics, and engineering to quantitatively or qualitatively describe the properties of biological materials.
B. The science concerned with the only external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.
C. The principles of engineering, specifically mechanics, applied to human movement.
D. biomechanics is concerned with the application of classical mechanics to various biological problems.

11- Which the statement is CORRECT? (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 41)

A. The thoracic and cervical sections of the spinal column make up the trunk, while the sacral and lumbar regions
are united with the pelvis and can be considered parts of the pelvic girdle.
B. The thoracic and lumbar sections of the spinal column make up the trunk. While the sacral and coccygeal
regions are united with the pelvis and can be considered parts of the pelvic girdle.
C. The thoracic and lumbar sections of the spinal column make up the trunk. While the lumbar and coccygeal
regions are united with the pelvis and can be considered parts of the pelvic girdle.
D. The thoracic and cervical sections of the spinal column make up the trunk. While the sacral and coccygeal
regions are united with the pelvis and can be considered parts of the pelvic girdle.

12- Levers are acted upon by forces known as the load, effort, and fulcrum. “First class” levers are characterized by
having the: (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 79)

A. effort located between the other two forces

B. load located between the other two forces
C. fulcrum located between the other two forces
D. the effort and the fulcrum on opposite sides of the load
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13- Choose the CORRECT statement: (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 17)

A. The structural unit of skeletal muscle is the muscle fiber, which is composed of myofibrils. Myofibrils are made
up of actin (thick) and myosin (thin) filaments.
B. The structural unit of skeletal muscle is the muscle fiber, which is composed of myofibrils. Myofibrils are made
up of actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments.
C. The structural unit of skeletal muscle is the muscle myofibrils, which is composed of fiber. fiber is made up of
actin (thick) and myosin (thin) filaments.
D. The structural unit of skeletal muscle is the muscle Myofibrils, which is composed of fiber. fiber is made up of
actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments.

14- Which one of the following statements is FALSE? (001 Introduction-to-BioMechanics-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 34)

A. Force is the mechanical disturbance or load. It applied on a body which causes the body to move, deform, or
both.
B. Velocity is defined as the time rate of change of position.
C. Moment or torque: is the qualitative measure of the rotational, bending or twisting action of a force applied on a body.
D. Inertia is the resistance to the change in motion of matter. Inertia can also be defined as the ability of a body to
maintain its state of rest or uniform motion.

15- Which the CORRECT description of muscles characteristic? (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 18)

A. Muscles are plastic in the sense that when a muscle is stretched and released it will resume its original size and
shape and viscous in the sense that there is an internal resistance to motion.
B. Muscles are elastic in the sense that when a muscle is stretched and released it will resume its original size and
shape and plastic in the sense that there is an internal resistance to motion.
C. Muscles are elastic in the sense that when a muscle is stretched and released it will resume its original size and
shape and viscous in the sense that there is an internal resistance to motion.
D. Muscles are viscous in the sense that when a muscle is stretched and released it will resume its original size and
shape and elastic in the sense that there is an internal resistance to motion.

16- Choose the TRUE statement: (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 13)

A. Ligament prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly on to each other while the muscles contract to move the
bones associated with the joint.
B. Tendon prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly on to each other while the muscles contract to move the
bones associated with the joint.
C. Cartilage prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly on to each other while the muscles contract to move the
bones associated with the joint.
D. Joint prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly on to each other while the muscles contract to move the
bones associated with the joint.

17- Which the statement of the following is INCORRECT? (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slide 30)

A. The hip joint is the articulation between the head of the Femur and the Acetabulum of the Pelvis forms a
diarthrodial joint.
B. Statics is the study of forces on rigid bodies at rest or moving with a constant velocity.
C. The knee joint is the largest and one of the most complex joint. It is a two-joint structure composed of the
tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint.
D. The biceps brachii muscle is a powerful extension of the elbow joint, while the triceps brachii muscle is the
important muscle controlling the flexor movement of the elbow and the muscular control of the knee is
produced primarily by quadriceps muscles.
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Part 3:
1- Complete the table with information about levers. (002 Musculoskeletal-Waleed-Altalabi.pptx, Slides 78:85)

Class of lever Lever description Lever diagram Practical example Human body example
1st class The fulcrum is
located between
the load and effort.
2nd class The load is located
between the effort
and fulcrum.
3rd class The effort is located
between the load
and fulcrum.

2- Classified the next levers as 1st Class, 2nd Class, or 3rd Class.

A. Lever System: Class III

B. Lever System: Class I

C. Lever System: Class II

D. Lever System: Class III

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