EXPT.

NO-5 CURVILINEAR MOTION OF A PARTICLE

AIM: - To study the curvilinear motion of particle.

APPARATUS: - A metallic track shaped as an arc of circle (cycle rim), which is fixed onto a
platform, a measuring scale, a sphere (balls) and wooden dust.
ASSUMPTIONS
1. Cycle rim is assumed to be frictionless.
THEORY:-
Curvilinear motion is defined as motion that occurs when a particle travels along a curved path.
It is defined by the
1 Normal and Tangential direction
2 Redial and Transverse direction. (Polar Co-Ordinate)
3 Cartesian Co-ordinate.
PROCEDURE:-
1. Platform on which setup is done is first ensured to be perfectly horizontal. A small
ball/sphere is kept at the top most point of track (Fig 1).
2. The track allows a sphere kept at the top most point of track to slide down onto a table.
3. Point at which ball/block strikes the horizontal platform is carefully noted and recorded,
denoted by „b‟
4. Step 1 and step 2 is repeated for 3 more type of balls/sphere.
Analytical value of „r‟ is given by „b = 1.46r‟ where b = horizontal distance travelled by particle
from vertical axis, r = radius of circular track.




Fig. 1: Curvilinear motion setup Fig. 2: Curvilinear Motion Components

 Fig. 3: FBD of block at B

THEORY:-
When body will lose the contact from the curve surface then N (Normal reaction) =0
By Applying Newton law on the sphere at point B as shown in fig 2, to find out the Ø value.
FBD for the same is as shown in Fig 3.(As per Newton‟s 2nd law Consider FBD of block at B )
∑ 𝐹𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎 ……………………………………………. (As a𝑛 = 𝑣2/p)
 W𝑐𝑜𝑠Ø − = 𝑚𝑣2/ρ… .............................. (N = 0)
W𝑐𝑜𝑠Ø = 𝑚𝑣2/ρ .........................................................................................Eq 1
Now put the value of V
𝑉2 = 𝑢2 − 2𝑔ℎ
So, V= √2𝑔ℎ
Put the value of h, from above fig2, that,
ℎ = 𝑟 − 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ø
So, Velocity at the point B will become
𝑉 = √2𝑔(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ø)......................................................................................Eq 2
Put above value in Eq 1
𝑚
W𝑐𝑜𝑠Ø = * 2𝑔(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ø) after simplifying this we will get
𝑟
𝑐𝑜𝑠Ø = 2 (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ø)
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠Ø =
3
Ø = 48. 19˚
The angle at which object will lose the contact from circular surface irrespective of radius.
To find out location “b” from the centre of the rim that is, the distance CD as shown in fig 3
We will study the free fall motion from point B to C as shown in fig3
Vertical Motion
ℎ1 = ( + 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠Ø) …as we know that Ø = 48.19
ℎ1 = ( + 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠48.19) = 1.67r ............................................................... Eq3
𝑉 = √2𝑔(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ø)
𝑉 = √2 * 9.81 * (1 − 2/3)
𝑣 = 2.56√𝑟
𝑣𝑥 = 2.56 √𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ø =1.71√𝑟
𝑣𝑦 = 2.56√𝑟𝑠i𝑛Ø = 1.91√𝑟
ℎ1 = 𝑢𝑦t – ½ g𝑡2 ....................... Put the values of h1 and 𝑣𝑦 in this equation
1
−1.67𝑟 = −1.91√𝑟𝑡 − * 9.81 * 𝑡2
2
After simplifying
𝑡 = 0.42√𝑟
Horizontal Motion
𝑠𝑥 = 𝑢𝑥𝑡
𝑠𝑥 = 1.71√𝑟 * 0.42√𝑟
Sx = 0.72 r
Distance between C and D is
b = Sx + r sin ,
b = 0.72 r + r sin 48.19, b = 1.46 r

OBSERVATION TABLE:-
 Type of Experimental Value of b Mean Value Analytical value % Error =
Ball of b of b b Ana - bExp.
1 2 3 x 100
b = 1.46 r b Ana

Rubber Ball

Marble Ball
Tennis Ball
Plastic Ball
Crazy Ball

Type of Experimental Value of  Mean Value Analytical value % Error =

Ball of  of 
1 2 3
 = 48.190

Rubber Ball

Marble Ball
Tennis Ball
Plastic Ball
Crazy Ball

SAMPLE CALCULATION:-
RESULT: -Comparison of experimental „b‟ and „Ø‟ with analytical is given % error is

Rubber: - …………………, ……………..….

Marble: - …………………, ……………..….
Tennis: - …………………, ……………..…..
Plastic: - …………………, ……………..….
Crazy: - - …………………, ……………..….
CONCLUSION: - The value of Ø remains 48.190 irrespective of any radius of circle. And the
value of b remains 1.46r.

QUESTIONS TO PONDER:-
1 How to define dynamic, kinematics and kinetics?
2 Normal and Tangential component of velocity and acceleration?
3 Radial and transverse component of velocity and acceleration?
4 What are the constant acceleration formulae?