Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Social Function
A notice is a formal means of communication. The purpose of a
notice is to announce or display information to a specific group
of people. In social communication, there are many functions or
purposes of Notice text, they are used:
1. To give an instruction / to instruct people to….
2. To give information / to inform people to….
3. To give direction
4. To ask people to….
5. To advice/to suggest / to recommend people to….
6. To remind people to….
7. To warn / to give warning
8. To ban / to forbid / to prohibit people to…
Generic Structure
- Attention gather (optional)
Attention gather means using expressions or phrases that can
attract readers‟ or people‟s attention such as Notice, Warning, or
Caution.
- Information
Information here can be defined as the messages or information
of the text that want to be delivered to people.
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- Closure (Optional)
Characteristic
1. Short text (simple words, phrases, or clauses)
2. Easy to understand
3. Written in capital font
4. Mostly use images/pictures
Learning Activity 2
Poster and Banner
1. Poster: a usually large printed sheet that often contains
pictures and is posted in a public place (as to promote
something)
2. Banner: A banner can be a flag or other piece of cloth
bearing a symbol, logo, slogan or other message.
b. Banner
- Logo
- Value Proposition
- Body Copy
- Image
- CTA (Call to Action)
b. Banner
- At your place of business, to welcome customers and
create that all-important symmetry.
- In public places that draw regular, steady crowds, such
as stores, shopping malls, elevators, coffee shops, train
stations, community centers and bus stops. Keep in mind
that you probably will have to seek permission, or pay a
fee, to hang a poster at these places.
- At trade shows and conventions, where some large and
unconventionally sized posters could be exactly what
you need to stand out in a crowd.
- At other businesses with whom you have created
strategic alliances. These businesses may ask you to
return the favor and post some of their marketing pieces.
But if you've created a solid alliance, the crossover
appeal should be evident.
- As perks to vendors and suppliers.
- As customer prizes at the end of a contest or
competition.
b. Banner
- Use simple present tense
- Use simple phrases or statement
Learning Activity 3
Graphic Organizers
1. Graphic Organizers: Graphic organizers help teachers
show and explain relationships between content and sub-
content and how they relate to other areas.
2. Descriptive Graphic Organizers: Mapping generic
information, but particularly well for mapping hierarchical
relationship.
3. Sequence Graphic Organizers: Are a type of graphic
organizer that help us to see the sequantial relationship
between events in a text.
4. Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizers: Use to
analyze similarities and differences between two things
(people, places, events, idea, etc)
5. Cause and Effect Graphic Organizers: A type of graphic
organizer that describe how events affect one another in a
process.
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6. Problem and Solution Graphic Organizers: A problem-
Solution Graphic Organizers help us to compare different
solutions to a problem.
Generic Structure
1. Titles, headings, and/or labels
2. Specific locations for information
3. Short descriptions (bullets or limited sentences)
Language Features
1. Complex information is conveyed in a simple-to-
understand manner through a visual display.
2. Analytical, critical, planning, and creative thinking skills
are concerned.
3. The organizers are made to be easily edited, revised, and
added.
4. Graphic organizers have multiple uses such as planning,
brainstorming, studying, or summarizing.
5. Most graphic organizers use short words or phrases, or
drawings, so they can appropriately be used with all
levels of learners.
Learning Activity 4
Infographics
1. Infographics: An infographic is a collection of imagery,
charts, and minimal text that gives an easy-to-understand
overview of a topic.
2. Statistical Infographic: A statistical infographic puts the
focus on your data.
3. Informational Infographic: Visual representation of
information that aims to make the data easily
understandable at a first glance.
4. Timeline Infographic: Timeline infograpic depicts events
or actions in chronological order. They are often used to
demonstrate a product‟s development.
5. Process Infographic: Process infographic is similar to a
how-to infographic. The key distinction is that a process
infographic depicts decision-making processes.
6. Comparison Infographic: A comparison infographic
examines the similaritis and differences between two or
more products, locations, events, actions, ideas, or
individuals.
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7. Geographic Infographic: Use map chart as the focus
visual. Different types of map chart work better for
different types of data. Geographical infographics show
data trends based on location
8. Hierarchical Infographic: Organize information into pre-
defined levels. It canorganize information from greatest to
least.
9. List Infographic: It‟s show information by list. Lists are
useful educational tools, sharing a lot of information in the
form pf text and icons.
Characteristics of Infographics
1) Clear Goals
2) Easy to Digest
3) Compelling Narrative
4) Unique Concept
5) Creative Design
6) Visual Focus – Not Text
Learning Activity 3
Language features of graphic organizers
Learning Activity 4
Social function of infographics
3 Daftar materi yang Learning Activity 1
sering mengalami Public Notice
miskonsepsi 1. Characteristics – Written in capital font
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Learning Activity 2
Public Notice
Spoken / written language features
Learning Activity 3
Definition dan social functio of graphic organizer
Learning Activity 4
Definition and social function of graphic organizer
LK 1: Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – Modul 2
Judul Modul ENGLISH FOR PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Judul Kegiatan Belajar 5. PERSONAL LETTER
(KB) 6. INVITATION
7. ANNOUNCEMENT
8. ADVERTISEMENT
Learning Activity 2
2. Invitation : a spoken or written request to somebody to do
something or to go somewhere.
Generic Structure
Formal invitation letter
1. Sender‟s Name
2. Sender‟s Address
3. Date and letter‟s sender
4. Attachment/Enclosure
5. Refrence/subject
6. Reciplent‟s name
7. Reciplent‟s address
8. Salutation
9. Letter‟s body
10. Activity‟s date and Time
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11. Activity‟s Address
12. Special Instruction ( dress code, seats position, etc )
13. Complimentary and signature
B. Social Function
Asking or requesting some one to go to a place do something or
participate in certain event.
C. Language features
Formal Invitation using preset tense informal using various
tenses.
Learning Activity 3
3. Announcement : is a statement made to the public or to the
media which gives information about something that has
happened or that will happen.
A. Generic Stucture
1. Name of Events (happen in the future)
2. Name of Events (happen in the past)
3. Addressed to (target group)
4. People who might be interested to watch
5. The media for delivering the announcements (letter, card,
etc)
B. Social Function
giving certain people some information of what has happened or
what will happen.
C. Language features
1. Simple present tense, Simple future, No conjunction,
2. Date, time, and place Event
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Learning Activity 4
Advertisement is a notice or announcement in a public medium
promoting a product, service, or event or publicizing a job
vacancy.
Generic Structure
1. Purpose
2. Name of product
3. User
Social Function
1. Giving an information
2. To influence or to persuade
3. To give the impression
4. Communication tool
Social/Language features
1. Coinage
2. Comparative and Superlative adjective
3. Compound word
4. Simple sentence
5. Imperative sentence
6. Disjunctive clause
Learning Activity 3
3.Announcement
1. Spoken Announcement
2. Written Announcement
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Learning Activity 4
4.Advertisement
1. Social/Language Features
3 Daftar materi yang Learning Activity 1
sering mengalami 1. Personal Letter
miskonsepsi 1. The General Structure of Personal Letters which
sometimes incorrectly determines which part of the body of
the letter and which part of the closing letter.
Learning Activity 2
2. Invitation
Formal invitation is a letter, written in formal language, in the
stipulated format for official purpose, while informal invitation
written to friends, family, acquantance, a letter writen in a
friendly manner to someone you are familiar with.
Learning Activity 3
3.Announcement
Spoken or Oral announcement is an announcement that is
announced orally. Usually done at information centers and often
found in public places such as airports, hospitals, supermarkets,
cinemas, schools, and other public places, where there are
crowded crowds of visitors.
Written announcement usually begins with the title or for whom
the announcement is written. The announcement should be
written simply and clearly.
Learning Activity 4
4.Advertisement
The social function
Advertising is a form of communication between producers and
audiences by utilizing mass media, so that messages can be
received globally and simultaneously. advertising also has the
ability to change people's behavior. so that often there are
misconceptions in the social function of an advertisement.
LK 1: Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – Modul 3
Judul Modul ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL COMMUNICATION
Judul Kegiatan Belajar 1. Exploring Descriptive Text 1; Person and animals
(KB) 2. Exploring Descriptive Text 2; Things and Place
3. Exploring Report Text 1; Classifying Report and
Compositional Report
4. Exploring Report Text 2; Comparative report and Historical
Report
4. Language Features
Focus on specific participants as the main character;
1. Use present tense as dominant tenses;
2. Use linking verbs or relational process frequently (is,
are, has, have, belongs to) in order to classify and
describe appearance or qualities and parts or functions of
phenomena;
3. Use action verbs or material process and behavioural
process in giving additional description regarding action
and behaviour done by the participants in text;
4. Use mental verb or mental process when describing
feelings;
5. Use nominal group frequently to describe;
6. Use adjective and adverbs to add information to nouns
and add information to verbs to provide more detailed
description about the topic;
7. Use adverbial phrases to add more information about
manner, place, or time and sometimes realized
inembedded clause which functions as circumstances
Learning Activity 2
Descriptive Text:The Descriptive Text is a meaningful text that
describes particular objects in relation to things and places.
Generic Structure
1. Identification : Identifies phenomenon to be described
2. Description : Describe parts, equalities or characteristics
Language Features
- Specific participant
- The use of the adjective
- simple present tense
- Action verb
- using passive voice
- using noun phrase
- using technical terms
- using general and abstract noun.
- using conjunction of time and cause-effect
Learning Activity 3
Report Text; Report text is a text which presents information
about something, as it is. Details in this text are scientific details
that include the description of object, both physical and non
physical, from scientific facts about the object.
Report Text is included in the Descriptive Text which has the
aim of providing information to readers about the object of this
text itself. Although the Report Text and Description Text are
almost the same, they are actually two two different texts.
Report Text tends to lead to scientific factual text and is more
general than Description Text so that there is no subjective
opinion from the author.
Social fuction
There are different types of the report texts.
1. Classifying Report : To organize and describe a field or
topic into a class and subclass hierarchy
Learning Activity 4
1. Definition
a. Comparative Report is useful for monitoring
developmental changes, situational differences, and treatment
efficacy. It enables a clear comparison between different tests of
a specific patient and to track his performance at different times
or conditions.
2. Social Function
a. Comparative Report to identify the similarities and
differences between two or more classes or things
b. Historical Report to give information about the way things
were in relation to a particular historical period or site.
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3. Generic Structure
a. Comparative Report
General Statement. It introduces entities tobe compared
Description. It contain the systematic analysis of
similarities and differences
b. Historical Report
General Statement. It identifies historical period or site.
And it defines and locates in time and place
Descriptions : features or characteristics, activities,
behaviours, artefacts, historical significance.
4. Language Features
1. Genaeralised Participants are initially rpresented in
simple noun groups (E.g: Stars and Planets in text 1)
2. Relating verb that link an entity with its attributes
3. Timeless present tense ( with the exception of an
historical report)
4. Attitudinal vocabulary is unusual as the emphasis is on
facts rather on options
Learning Activity 3
Differentiate classifying and compositional in report text
Learning Activity 4
-Language Features
Learning Activity 3
The unit of Language forming text
Learning Activity 4
-to analyse the contextual differences and similarities between a
number of report text in regard
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LK 1: Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – Modul 4
Judul Modul English For Entertainment
Judul Kegiatan Belajar 1.Biography
(KB) 2.Historical Recount
3.Fables
4.Legends
Learning Activity 2
Historical Recount is a text which retell about the
chronological events of memorable or important history about a
place or an object occured in the past.
Social Function
The story of historical events in order to inform or entertain the
reader.
Generic Structure
Orientation
introducing the place or an object, setting of time and place
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Events
It contains the series of chronological events
Re-orientation
It is optional. In this part, it contains about the writer‟s point of
view as the evaluation about the story
Learning Activity 3
Fable is a fictional story which using animals as characters and
intended to give a moral value as a lesson for the readers.
SOCIAL FUNCTION
Social function or the purpose of a fable is
1. to amuse/entertain the readers
2. to give moral value
GENERIC STRUCTURE
Orientation
Introduction who are the characters, Where and When is the
setting of the story
Complication
The conflict arises among the characters
Resolution
How the conflict/problem among the characters is solved
Learning Activity 4
Definition
a Legend is “a story or narrative that lies somewhere between
myth and historical fact and which, as a rule, is about a
particular figure or person.”
that focuses on a historically or geographically specific figure,
and describes his exploits.
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Learning Activity 3
How to compose a well-organised fable writing
Learning Activity 4
How to determine the differences between legend and myth.
Learning Activity 2
The historical recount should be presented scientifically based
on the facts found when the events take place or written
creatively based on the writer‟s imagination…
From this explanation, how to make historical recount, whether
it is based on the facts or writer‟s imagination.
we have to be careful to differentiate the personal recount and
historical recount.
Learning Activity 3
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Most of times Fable is assumed as a story about animals to
entertain the readers in funny way but in fact the main
characteristic of a fable is containing a moral value which can
be found in the end of the story
Learning Activity 4
d. Language Features
Generally using simple present tense.
Using adverbial of sequence or using temporal adjective
Using imperative sentences or command
Using action verbs
Using conjunctions to link a process to another process
Using adverb of time to express details of time
Learning Activity 2
PROCEDURE TEXT; RECIPE
a. Definition of Recipe
Recipe is text that explains or helps us how to make
something.
b. Conjunctions
Conjunction is a word to connect clauses or sentences or to
coordinate words in the same clause. Conjunctions in recipes
are used to show chronological order. For instance before,
while, then, after, etc.
c. Action verbs
Action verb, as you have guessed, is a verb that expresses an
action. Any verb that describes what someone or something
does is an action verb. An action verb can be physical or
mental. For example; cut, mix, stir, put, etc.
d. Imperatives
An imperative sentence gives a command. It usually ends
with a period but it may also end with an exclamation point.
Commands ask or tell people to do something. For example:
add some sugar, mix the ingredients, cut the onion.
e. Adverbial
Adverbial is a word or phrase functioning like an adverb.
There are two types of adverbial that are commonly used in
recipes. First is adverbial of sequence which is used to add
detail information about the sequence. For example first,
second, finally, etc. In addition, another adverbial is used to
express detail of the time, manner, or place. For example for
five minutes, for an hour, in three minutes.
f. Vocabulary
Vocabulary that is commonly used in recipe ranges from
technical to everyday language according to the target of
language. Emphasis is often given to important information
by underlining it or writing it in bold.
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g. Language
The language in recipe is supposed to be clear and precise.
However, detailed language is needed especially in methods
section..
h. Tenses
Present tense is generally used in recipe.
Learning Activity 3
ITINERARY
a. Definition :
Itinerary can be defined as a route or plan or guide book of
travel. It usually contains any information dealing with
travel or journey such as schedule of visit (vacation), time,
dates, transportation, and other information.
b. Generic Structure
1. What programs or activities can you find in those
itineraries?
2. How do you know what time were the activities
conducted?
3. Was the time explained in detail that you know the
length of each activity?
4. Where were the activities conducted?
5. What attractions did the itineraries serve?
6. How could the visitor arrive at those places?
7. Where did the visitor stay during the program?
8. What services or facilities did the visitor get during
the program?
c. Social Function
To inform readers, listeners or viewers to make a well-
prepared program or travel, effective journey or travel, and
to be a guideline in spending time during travelling.
d. Language Features
1. Use simple present tense
In an itinerary, it always uses verb base (infinitive). Look
at the following samples of simple present tense.
Example : He goes to school every morning.
2. Use action verb
An action verb can express something that a person,
animal or even object can do.
3. Use simple sentence or phrase
In an itinerary, you don‟t need to write long sentence or
explanation in describing the sequence of action that
people need to do.
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Learning Activity 4
NEWS ITEM TEXT
Definition :
News item text is a text which informs readers about events of
the day, where The events are considered newsworthy or
important.
Generic Structure
Main Events/Newsworthy Events :
It recounts the event in summary form.
Elaboration/Background Events :
They elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstance
Resources of Information (Source) :
It contains comments by participants in, witnesses to and
authorities expert on the event.
Social Function
To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day
which is considered newsworthy or important.
Language Feature
1. Using action verbs
It is a verb that expresses an action. Any verb that describes
what someone or something does is an action verb. An
action verb can be physical or mental. For example; go,
leave, meet, run, etc.
2. Using saying verb
Saying verbs are verbs such as say or ask which we
typically use to report what someone said.
3. Using Passive Voice
A verb is said to be in the passive voice when its subject
does not perform the action of the verb. In fact, the
action is performed on the subject.
4. Using Adverb
An adverb is a word that modifies verbs, adjectives and
other adverbs. Basically, most adverbs tell you how, in
what way, when, where, and to what extent something is
done. In other words, they describe the manner, place, or
time of an action
5. Tenses
Using Past tense in explaining news events. But if it is a
fact that until now still happen or still in the form of fact,
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then can use simple present tense.
Learning Activity 2
Learning Activity 3
1. Determine the messages contained in a good itinerary.
2. Find factual information from a itinerary text.
Learning Activity 4
1. Determine the messages contained in news item text
2. Find factual information from a news item text
3 Daftar materi yang
sering mengalami Learning Activity 1
miskonsepsi 1. Language features
2. Social Function
Learning Activity 2
Language Features of Recipe
Learning Activity 3
To analyze the social functions, text structures, and lexico-
grammatical features of report texts in regard to the contexts of
situation.
Learning Activity 4
To analyze the purpose/ social functions and text structures with
another texts.
LK 1: Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – Modul 6
Judul Modul ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC
CONTEXT
Judul Kegiatan Belajar (KB) 1. Analytical Exposition Texts
2. Hortatory Exposition Texts
3. Explanation Texts
4. Discussion Texts
Learning Activity 2
Hortatory Exposition Text
1. Definition
Hortatory Exposition Text:
2. Generic Structure
a. Thesis: Statement or announcement of concerned issue.
b. Arguments: Reasons for concern that will lead to
recommendation.
c. Recommendation: Statement of what should or should not
happen or be done based on the given arguments.
3. Social Function
Hortatory Exposition: To persuade the audience that something
should or should not be the case or be done.
4. Language Features
a. Grammar
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- Simple present tense
- Passive sentence
- Modals and adverb
- Subject pronoun
- Temporal and causal connective
- Evaluative language
b. Vocabulary
c. Common Expressions
Learning Activity 3
Explanation Text
1. Definition
Explanation Text: Explanation is a text which tells processes
relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural
phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why'
and 'how' of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in
science,
geography and history text books.
2. Generic Structure
a. General statement: stating the phenomenon issues which are
to be explained.
b. Sequenced explanation: stating a series of steps which explain
thephenomena.
c. Concluding statement.
3. Social Function
4. Language Features
a. Grammar
- Passive voice pattern
- Simple present tense
- Technical term
- Show cause and effect word
- Abstract noun
- Action Verb
- Noun phrase
b. Vocabulary
c. Common Expression
Learning Activity 4
Discussion Text
1. Definition
Discussion Text: text which presents a problematic discourse.
This problem is discussed from different points of view. It
presents pro and contra opinion on certain issue.
2. Generic structure
a. General statement: to introduce the audience to the topic of
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discussion – it can include a question and the view of the
author can be expressed here (called the discussion„s thesis)
b. A series of paragraph that have points for and against the
topic – the text may have paragraphs on the for side followed
by paragraphs on the against side, and within the paragraphs
there should be evidence to support the point of view.
c. Concluding paragraph that sums up the discussion and gives
the opinion of the author of the text.
3. Social Function
Discussion Text: A Discussion Text is intended by the
writer/speaker to present (at least) two points of view about issue
or problem; to present arguments from differing points of view
about issue or problem.
4. Language Features
a. Grammar
- Simple present tense
- Medium to high degrees of modality
- Quoted and reported speech argument
- Passive voice
- Clauses complex combination
- Beginning and complex sentences