Nama : Yulia Nur Istiqomah

LPTK : Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya

Program Studi : Bahasa Inggris

LK 0.1: Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – Modul 1

Judul Modul English For Public Information
Judul Kegiatan Belajar 1. Public Notices
(KB) 2. Posters and Banners
3. Graphic Organizers
4. Infographics
No Butir Refleksi Respon/Jawaban
1 Garis Besar Materi Learning Activity 1: Public Notice
yang dipelajari 1. Notice : Written statement that use information,
instruction, or even warning to people.
2. Command: Command sentences are used when you are
telling someone to do something.
3. Caution: A caution is a formal warning that is given to a
person who has admitted the offence. It is usually used to
remind person or reader to be more careful.
4. Information: Information means giving information.
Information notice provides or gives information or
material contained in the notice texts to the readers/people.
5. Prohibition: Prohibition is the action of prohibiting or
inhibiting or forbidding (or an instance there of) to do
something.
6. Warning: Warning usually refers to a message informing
of danger. It can be in both written and spoken form.

Social Function
A notice is a formal means of communication. The purpose of a
notice is to announce or display information to a specific group
of people. In social communication, there are many functions or
purposes of Notice text, they are used:
1. To give an instruction / to instruct people to….
2. To give information / to inform people to….
3. To give direction
4. To ask people to….
5. To advice/to suggest / to recommend people to….
6. To remind people to….
7. To warn / to give warning
8. To ban / to forbid / to prohibit people to…

Generic Structure
- Attention gather (optional)
Attention gather means using expressions or phrases that can
 attract readers’ or people’s attention such as Notice, Warning, or
Caution.
- Information
Information here can be defined as the messages or information
of the text that want to be delivered to people.
- Closure (Optional)

Characteristic
1. Short text (simple words, phrases, or clauses)
2. Easy to understand
3. Written in capital font
4. Mostly use images/pictures

Language Features of Public Notice

a. Using Imperative mood (imperative sentence)
The imperative mood is a verb form which makes a
command or a request.
b. Using Declarative reference
c. Spoken / written language features
In writing notice text, we can use spoken or written
language style.

Learning Activity 2: Poster and Banner

1. Poster: a usually large printed sheet that often contains
pictures and is posted in a public place (as to promote
something)
2. Banner: A banner can be a flag or other piece of cloth
bearing a symbol, logo, slogan or other message.

Generic Structure of Poster and Banner

a. Poster
- Header area
- Title area
- Author's photo and address
- Main Area
- Footer Area
- Background
- Background
- Fonts
b. Banner
- Logo
- Value Proposition
- Body Copy
- Image
- CTA (Call to Action)

Social / Language Function of Poster and Banner

a. Poster
- to alert and engage the viewer
 - to challenge and call an audience into action.
- to promote an event
b. Banner
- At your place of business, to welcome customers and
create that all-important symmetry.
- In public places that draw regular, steady crowds, such
as stores, shopping malls, elevators, coffee shops, train
stations, community centers and bus stops. Keep in mind
that you probably will have to seek permission, or pay a
fee, to hang a poster at these places.
- At trade shows and conventions, where some large and
unconventionally sized posters could be exactly what
you need to stand out in a crowd.
- At other businesses with whom you have created
strategic alliances. These businesses may ask you to
return the favor and post some of their marketing pieces.
But if you've created a solid alliance, the crossover
appeal should be evident.
- As perks to vendors and suppliers.
- As customer prizes at the end of a contest or
competition.

Language Features of Poster and Banner

a. Poster
- Short Text Elements
- Phrases and Active Voice
- Serif font for text and san-serif font for title and Heading
(Optional)
b. Banner
- Use simple present tense
- Use simple phrases or statement

Learning Activity 3: Graphic Organizers

1. Graphic Organizers: Graphic organizers help teachers
show and explain relationships between content and sub-
content and how they relate to other areas.
2. Descriptive Graphic Organizers: Mapping generic
information, but particularly well for mapping hierarchical
relationship.
3. Sequence Graphic Organizers: Are a type of graphic
organizer that help us to see the sequantial relationship
between events in a text.
4. Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizers: Use to
analyze similarities and differences between two things
(people, places, events, idea, etc)
5. Cause and Effect Graphic Organizers: A type of graphic
organizer that describe how events affect one another in a
process.
6. Problem and Solution Graphic Organizers: A problem-
 Solution Graphic Organizers help us to compare different
solutions to a problem.

Generic Structure
1. Titles, headings, and/or labels
2. Specific locations for information
3. Short descriptions (bullets or limited sentences)

Social/ Language Function

1. Tools for critical and creative thinking
2. Tools for organizing information
3. Tools for understanding information and relationships
4. Tools for depicting knowledge and understanding
5. Tools for self-learning

Language Features
1. Complex information is conveyed in a simple-to-
understand manner through a visual display.
2. Analytical, critical, planning, and creative thinking skills
are concerned.
3. The organizers are made to be easily edited, revised, and
added.
4. Graphic organizers have multiple uses such as planning,
brainstorming, studying, or summarizing.
5. Most graphic organizers use short words or phrases, or
drawings, so they can appropriately be used with all
levels of learners.

Learning Activity 4: Infographics

1. Infographics: An infographic is a collection of imagery,
charts, and minimal text that gives an easy-to-understand
overview of a topic.
2. Statistical Infographic: A statistical infographic puts the
focus on your data.
3. Informational Infographic: Visual representation of
information that aims to make the data easily
understandable at a first glance.
4. Timeline Infographic: Timeline infograpic depicts events
or actions in chronological order. They are often used to
demonstrate a product’s development.
5. Process Infographic: Process infographic is similar to a
how-to infographic. The key distinction is that a process
infographic depicts decision-making processes.
6. Comparison Infographic: A comparison infographic
examines the similaritis and differences between two or
more products, locations, events, actions, ideas, or
individuals.
7. Geographic Infographic: Use map chart as the focus
visual. Different types of map chart work better for
different types of data. Geographical infographics show
 data trends based on location
8. Hierarchical Infographic: Organize information into pre-
defined levels. It canorganize information from greatest to
least.
9. List Infographic: It’s show information by list. Lists are
useful educational tools, sharing a lot of information in the
form pf text and icons.

Characteristics of Infographics
1) Clear Goals
2) Easy to Digest
3) Compelling Narrative
4) Unique Concept
5) Creative Design
6) Visual Focus – Not Text

Generic Structure of Infographics

a. Headline/ Title
b. Beginning/ Introduction
c. Middle/ Main Infographic Content
d. End/ Conclusion
e. Sources and Footnotes

Language Features of Infographics

1. Informative
2. Engaging
3. Accessible

2 Daftar materi yang 1. Public Notice

sulit dipahami di - Difficult to understand Spoken / written language
modul ini features
2. Poster and Banner
- Distinguish Poster and Banner definition
3. Graphic Organizers
- Language features of graphic organizers
4. Infographics
- Types of infographics
3 Daftar materi yang
sering mengalami - Public Notice : - Characteristics of Public notice which is
miskonsepsi ‘ Written in capital font’
- Posters and Banners: - Spoken / written language features
- Definition and social function of graphic organizer
- Types of infographics
LK 0.1: Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – Modul 2
Judul Modul ENGLISH FOR PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Judul Kegiatan Belajar 1. Personal Letter
(KB) 2. Invitation
3. Announcement
4. Advertisement
No Butir Refleksi Respon/Jawaban
1 Garis Besar Materi Learning Activity 1: Personal Letter
yang dipelajari Personal Letter is a type of letter that contains personal matter
and for personal purposes, usually from one individual to
another. The personal letter usually use an informal but polite
language.
The Generic Structures of Personal Letter:
1. Date
2. Greeting
3. Body
4. Closing
5. Complimentary Close
6. Signature
The Language Features:
1. Focus on exchanging personal current news, feelings,
and conditions
2. Use of pronouns, simple present tense, and past tense
3. Use of date and address
4. Informal greetings or solutations

Learning Activity 2: Invitation

Invitation is a spoken or written request to somebody to do
something or to go somewhere.

Generic Structure of invitation:

1. Formal invitation letter
- Sender’s Name
- Sender’s Address
- Date and letter’s sender
- Attachment/Enclosure
- Refrence/subject
- Reciplent’s name
- Reciplent’s address
- Salutation
- Letter’s body
- Activity’s date and Time
- Activity’s Address
- Special Instruction ( dress code, seats position, etc )
 - Complimentary and signature

2. Informal invitation letter

- Written in letter form, informal format
- Writen in first person
- Salutation is ‘dear’ + name
- Complimentary close “yours sincerely
- Date of writing the invitation is given
- Sender’s Address appears on the left hand side
- Various tenses used to suit the sense

Social Function
Asking or requesting some one to go to a place do something or
participate in certain event.

Language features
Formal Invitation using preset tense informal using various
tenses.

Learning Activity 3: Announcement

Announcement is a statement made to the public or to the
media which gives information about something that has
happened or that will happen.

Generic Stucture
1. Name of Events (happen in the future)
2. Name of Events (happen in the past)
3. Addressed to (target group)
4. People who might be interested to watch
5. The media for delivering the announcements (letter, card,
etc)

Social Function
giving certain people some information of what has happened or
what will happen.

Language features
1. Simple present tense, Simple future, No conjunction,
2. Date, time, and place Event
 Learning Activity 4: Advertisement
Advertisement is a notice or announcement in a public medium
promoting a product, service, or event or publicizing a job
vacancy.

Generic Structure
1. Purpose
2. Name of product
3. User

Social Function
1. Giving an information
2. To influence or to persuade
3. To give the impression
4. Communication tool

Social/Language features
1. Coinage
2. Comparative and Superlative adjective
3. Compound word
4. Simple sentence
5. Imperative sentence
6. Disjunctive clause

2 Daftar materi yang 1. Personal Letter

sulit dipahami di How to make the conclusion of the personal letter?
modul ini 2. Invitation
The differences of concepts formal invitation and informal
invitation
3. Announcement
The explanations of spoken Announcement and written
Announcement
4. Advertisement
Social/Language Features of advertisement
3 Daftar materi yang Below are the concepts which may bring any misconception
sering mengalami when we learn about these materials:
miskonsepsi 1. Personal Letter
In Generic Structure of Personal Letters which sometimes
incorrectly determines which part of the body of the letter and
which part of the closing letter.
2. Invitation
Formal invitation is a letter, written in formal language, in the
stipulated format for official purpose, while informal invitation
written to friends, family, acquantance, a letter writen in a
friendly manner to someone you are familiar with.
 3.Announcement
Spoken or Oral announcement is an announcement that is
announced orally. Usually done at information centers and often
found in public places such as airports, hospitals, supermarkets,
cinemas, schools, and other public places, where there are
crowds of visitors.
Written announcement usually begins with the title or for whom
the announcement is written. The announcement should be
written simply and clearly.
4.Advertisement
The social function
Advertising is a form of communication between producers and
audiences by utilizing mass media, so that messages can be
received globally and simultaneously. advertising also has the
ability to change people's behavior. so that often there are
misconceptions in the social function of an advertisement.

LK 0.1: Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – Modul 3

Judul Modul ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL COMMUNICATION
Judul Kegiatan Belajar 1. Exploring Descriptive Text 1; Person and Animals
(KB) 2. Exploring Descriptive Text 2; Things and Place
3. Exploring Report Text 1; Classifying Report and
Compositional Report
4. Exploring Report Text 2; Comparative Report and Historical
Report
No Butir Refleksi Respon/Jawaban
1 Garis Besar Materi Secara garis besar, materi pada modul ini hanya mempelajari
yang dipelajari tentang Teks Descriptive dan juga Report, namun di tiap
kegiatan belajar nya, yang dibahas berbeda.

Learning Activity 1: Desvriptive Text (person and animals)

The Descriptive Text is a meaningful text that describes
particular person or animals.
Social function to give :
a. Information about a particular entity by describing its
features, history, and special characteristics.
b. Information about things by describing physical
attributes, behaviors, uses, etc.
The generic structure of this text consists of :
a. Identification or general statements.
b. Descriptions: The parts of a text describe the object.
Language Features
Focus on specific participants as the main character;
1. Use present tense as dominant tenses;
2. Use linking verbs or relational process frequently (is,
are, has, have, belongs to) in order to classify and
describe appearance or qualities and parts or functions of
phenomena;
3. Use action verbs or material process and behavioural
process in giving additional description regarding action
and behaviour done by the participants in text;
4. Use mental verb or mental process when describing
feelings;
5. Use nominal group frequently to describe;
6. Use adjective and adverbs to add information to nouns
and add information to verbs to provide more detailed
description about the topic;
7. Use adverbial phrases to add more information about
manner, place, or time and sometimes realized
inembedded clause which functions as circumstances

Learning Activity 2: Descriptive Text (things and place)

Descriptive Text: The Descriptive Text is a meaningful text
that describes particular objects in relation to things and places.

Social function to give information about a particular entity

(features, history, special characteristic) and about things
(physical,behaviors,uses)

The purpose is to describe represent or reveal an object, either

abstract or concrete. And give a visual picture of a thing and
place

Generic Structures
1. Identification : Identifies phenomenon to be described
2. Description : Describe parts, equalities or characteristics

Language Features
- Specific participant
- The use of the adjective
- simple present tense
- Action verb
- using passive voice
- using noun phrase
- using technical terms
- using general and abstract noun.
- using conjunction of time and cause-effect

Learning Activity 3: Classifying Report and Compositional

Report
Report text is a text which presents information about
something, as it is. Details in this text are scientific details that
include the description of object, both physical and non
physical, from scientific facts about the object.
Report Text is included in the Descriptive Text which has the
aim of providing information to readers about the object of this
text itself. Although the Report Text and Description Text are
almost the same, they are actually two two different texts.
Report Text tends to lead to scientific factual text and is more
general than Description Text so that there is no subjective
opinion from the author.

Social function
There are different types of the report texts.
1. Classifying Report : To organize and describe a field or
topic into a class and subclass hierarchy
2. Compositional Report : To Organise and describe a
 field or topic according to its part ( a part or whole part )

Generic structure
1. Opening general statement/general classification
2. Facts about various aspects of the subject

Language features of report text :

1. Observe and identify the use of words, phrases,
sentences, and technical terms which are mostly found
in the text.
2. Noun and noun phrases are used rather than personal
pronoun.
3. Most reports are written in the present tense
4. Use some passive voice
5. some reports use technical or scientific terms
6. Use some passive voice
7. Linking verbs are used, eg.is, are, has, have, belong to,
to give coherence
8. Descriptive language is used that is factual rather than
imaginative eg. Color, shape, size, body parts, habits,
behaviors, funtions, uses.

Learning Activity 4: Comparative Report and Historical

Report
Comparative Report is useful for monitoring developmental
changes, situational differences, and treatment efficacy. It
enables a clear comparison between different tests of a specific
patient and to track his performance at different times or
conditions.

Historical Report is returns all issues from a specified time

period that also match the selected assignment, status, and
priority criteria.
This topic happened in the past, then the paragraph structure
should be composed in the past tenses. Which can be past tense,
past continuous tense, or past perfect tense.

Social Function
a. Comparative Report to identify the similarities and
differences between two or more classes or things
b. Historical Report to give information about the way things
were in relation to a particular historical period or site.
Generic Structure
a. Comparative Report
  General Statement. It introduces entities tobe compared
 Description. It contain the systematic analysis of
similarities and differences
b. Historical Report
 General Statement. It identifies historical period or site.
And it defines and locates in time and place
 Descriptions : features or characteristics, activities,
behaviours, artefacts, historical significance.

Language Features
1. Genaeralised Participants are initially rpresented in
simple noun groups (E.g: Stars and Planets in text 1)
2. Relating verb that link an entity with its attributes
3. Timeless present tense ( with the exception of an
historical report)
4. Attitudinal vocabulary is unusual as the emphasis is on
facts rather on options

2 Daftar materi yang 1. Language features/ lexicogrammatical features of

sulit dipahami di Descriptive text
modul ini 2. Difference of classifying and compositional of report text
3. Language Features of report text
3 Daftar materi yang 1. Linking verb, Adjective, Mental verb
sering mengalami 2. Function and the purpose of the descriptive text
miskonsepsi 3. The unit of Language forming text
4. To analyse the contextual differences and similarities
between a number of report text in regard ?

LK 0.1: Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – Modul 4

Judul Modul English For Entertainment
Judul Kegiatan Belajar 1.Biography
(KB) 2.Historical Recount
3.Fables
4.Legends
No Butir Refleksi Respon/Jawaban
1 Garis Besar Materi Learning Activity 1: Biography
yang dipelajari Biography is a detailed description of a person's life. It involves
more than just the basic facts like education, work, relationships,
and death; it portrays a person's experience of these life events.
and may include an analysis of the subject's personality. They
can learn about lives and eras of both the past and present.

Generic Structure of Biography:

1. Orientation (Introduction),
2. Events,
3. Re-orientation (closing)

Social Function of Biography: To know a person’s story about

his / her life outside of any accomplishments this person may be
known for and to give lots of information easily and to educate
the readers.

Grammar and Language Features:

1. Use of simple past tense,
2. Focus on specific participant,
3. Use of action verb,
4. Use temporal sequence and temporal conjunction.

Learning Activity 2: Historical Recount

Historical Recount is a text which retell about the chronological
events of memorable or important history about a place or an
object occured in the past.

Social Function
The story of historical events in order to inform or entertain the
reader.

Generic Structure
- Orientation
introducing the place or an object, setting of time and place
- Events
It contains the series of chronological events
- Re-orientation
It is optional. In this part, it contains about the writer’s point
of view as the evaluation about the story

Grammar and Language Feature

1. Specific participant (person, place, or thing),
2. Pronouns,
 3. Actions verbs,
4. Adverb phrased,
5. Past tense,
6. Adjectives,
7. Evaluative words,
8. Sequence connectors

Learning Activity 3: Fable

Fable is a fictional story which using animals as characters and
intended to give a moral value as a lesson for the readers.

Social Function
Social function or the purpose of a fable is
1. to amuse/entertain the readers
2. to give moral value

Generic Structure
- Orientation
Introduction who are the characters, Where and When is the
setting of the story
- Complication
The conflict arises among the characters
- Resolution
How the conflict/problem among the characters is solved

Grammar and Language Features

- using moral values,
- using non specific setting,
- using past tense,
- using past action verbs,
- noun and pronoun,
- time connective and conjunction,
- adverb and adverbial phrase,
- using past tense,
- ending in happy resolution

Learning Activity 4: Legend

Legend is “a story or narrative that lies somewhere between
myth and historical fact and which, as a rule, is about a particular
figure or person.” It focuses on a historically or geographically
specific figure, and describes his exploits.
A legend is a story about human events or actions that has not
been proved nor documented in real history. Legends are retold
as if they are real events and were believed to be historical
accounts.

The Function of Legend :

1. To present the story of human actions in such a way that
they are perceived by the the listeners or readers to be
 true (in literature).
2. To entertain or to amuse the readers about the interesting
story (in general)

The Characteristics of Legend :

1. A legend is a set in specific place or time
2. The main character is often heroic
3. The main character is a human, not a God
4. A legend is a fictional story
5. Usually there is some historical truth at the heart of every
legend
6. Heroes perform great deeds with their strength and their
intelligence. Exaggeration is usually involved in retelling
deeds.
7. Heroes often give up dreams of happiness to help others
8. The hero is real but some parts of the story are not
completely true. They have been stretched or expanded
upon.
9. Handed down through generation
10. The story was told orally and turned into literary
masterpieces

The Generic Structure :

1. ORIENTATION (INTRODUCTION)
This is the introduction of what is inside the text. It tells
about the text talks in general, who involves in the text,
when and where it happens. It should include the
characters of the story.
2. COMPLICATION
It tells what happens with the participants. It explores the
conflict among the participants.
3. RESOLUTION
This phase tells how the participants solve the problems
aroused by the conflict. It is not matter whether the
participants succeed or fail. The point is the conflict
becomes ended. The problem must be resolved.
4. RE-ORIENTATION
It tells the conclusion of the story. It usually include the
lesson from the story

Grammar and language features

1. The use of Adjective that form the noun phrase. Example:
the strong crocodile
2. Time connectives and conjunction. Example: A long time
ago
3. The use of adverb and adverbial phrases to indicate the
location of the incident or events. Example: In the river
4. The use of action verbs in the past tense. Example: They
curved her. People then always talked
5. The used of saying verbs that mark remarks. Example :
 He said angrily
6. The use of thinking verbs that mark the thoughts,
perceptions or feelings of the characters in the story.
Example: The man then looked so curious.
7. The use of dialogue to elicit an emotional response from
the reader

2 Daftar materi yang 1. How to analyze and create the biography text ?
sulit dipahami di 2. How to distinguish between historical recount and the other
modul ini kinds of recount text in writing the text?
3. How to compose a well-organised fable writing?
4. How to distinguish between legend and myth?

3 Daftar materi yang 1. The generic structures of biography is almost similar to the
sering mengalami historical recount.
miskonsepsi 2. The historical recount should be presented scientifically based
on the facts found when the events take place or written
creatively based on the writer’s imagination. What does it
mean? Based on fact or imagination?.
3. Adverb and adverbial phrase in Fable. Those are almost
similar. It may make misconception
4. The main difference between a legend and a myth? There are
marked differences between a legend and a myth. While
legends are made up stories, myths are stories that answer
questions about the working of natural phenomenon. Myths
are set in olden times, even in pre-historic times. However,
legends are narratives that are partly true and partly imaginary
about a particular person, event, place or natural feature.

LK 0.1: Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – Modul 5

Judul Modul ENGLISH FOR PRACTICAL USE
Judul Kegiatan Belajar 1. Procedure Text; Manual
(KB) 2. Procedure Text; Recipe
3. Procedure Text; Itinerary
4. News Item
No Butir Refleksi Respon/Jawaban
1 Garis Besar Materi Learning Activity 1; Procedure Text (Manual)
yang dipelajari Manual text is referred to as documentation or end-user
documentation, a manual is a book or pamphlet that contains
information about a program or piece of hardware.

Generic Structure of Manual Text

1. Goal/aim
2. Materials / equipments
3. Steps/methods

Social Function of Manual

 It is used to describe how something is done in
sequenced steps.
 It provides a series of steps in sequence that explain the
readers how to do something while allowing them to
reach the outcome successfully.
 The communicative purpose of the text is to tell the steps
of making or doing something.

d. Language Features
 Generally using simple present tense.
 Using adverbial of sequence or using temporal adjective
 Using imperative sentences or command
 Using action verbs
 Using conjunctions to link a process to another process
 Using adverb of time to express details of time

Learning Activity 2; Procedure Text (recipe)

Recipe is text that explains or helps us how to make something.

Generic Structure of Recipe

1.  Goal/aim
2.  Ingredients
3. Steps/Methods

Social/Language Function of Recipe

a. Recipe is used to describe instructions that tell you how
to cook something.
b. Communicative purpose of the recipe is to describe
how food is completely made through a sequence of
actions or steps.
Language Features of Recipe
a. Noun or noun groups
A noun is a word that functions as the name of some
specific thing or set of things. Noun or noun groups in
 recipes are used in the listed materials or equipment.
For example bowl, rice, glass, etc.
b. Conjunctions
Conjunction is a word to connect clauses or sentences
or to coordinate words in the same clause. Conjunctions
in recipes are used to show chronological order. For
instance before, while, then, after, etc.
c. Action verbs
Action verb, as you have guessed, is a verb that
expresses an action. Any verb that describes what
someone or something does is an action verb. An action
verb can be physical or mental. For example; cut, mix,
stir, put, etc.
d. Imperatives
An imperative sentence gives a command. It usually
ends with a period but it may also end with an
exclamation point. Commands ask or tell people to do
something. For example: add some sugar, mix the
ingredients, cut the onion.
e. Adverbial
Adverbial is a word or phrase functioning like an
adverb. There are two types of adverbial that are
commonly used in recipes. First is adverbial of
sequence which is used to add detail information about
the sequence. For example first, second, finally, etc. In
addition, another adverbial is used to express detail of
the time, manner, or place. For example for five
minutes, for an hour, in three minutes.
f. Vocabulary
Vocabulary that is commonly used in recipe ranges
from technical to everyday language according to the
target of language. Emphasis is often given to important
information by underlining it or writing it in bold.
g. Language
The language in recipe is supposed to be clear and
precise. However, detailed language is needed
especially in methods section.
h. Tenses
Present tense is generally used in recipe.

Learning Activity 3: Procedure Text (Itinerary)

Itinerary can be defined as a route or plan or guide book of
travel. It usually contains any information dealing with travel or
journey such as schedule of visit (vacation), time, dates,
transportation, and other information.

Generic Structure
1. What programs or activities can you find in those
itineraries?
2. How do you know what time were the activities
 conducted?
3. Was the time explained in detail that you know the
length of each activity?
4. Where were the activities conducted?
5. What attractions did the itineraries serve?
6. How could the visitor arrive at those places?
7. Where did the visitor stay during the program?
8. What services or facilities did the visitor get during
the program?

Social Function
- to inform readers,
- listeners or viewers to make a well-prepared program or
travel,
- to make effective journey or travel,
- to be a guideline in spending time during travelling.

Language Features
1. Use simple present tense
In an itinerary, it always uses verb base (infinitive).
Look at the following samples of simple present tense.
Example : He goes to school every morning.
2. Use action verb
An action verb can express something that a person,
animal or even object can do.
3. Use simple sentence or phrase
In an itinerary, you don’t need to write long sentence or
explanation in describing the sequence of action that
people need to do.

Learning Activity 4: News Item

News item text is a text which informs readers about events of
the day, where The events are considered newsworthy or
important.

Kinds of the Text

1. Spoken : The information/news that’s provided in spoken
form, that everyone can hear the news given
2. Written :The information/news that’s provided in written
form, that everyone can read the news given.

Generic Structure
- Main Events/Newsworthy Events :
It recounts the event in summary form.
- Elaboration/Background Events :
They elaborate what happened, to whom, in what
circumstance
- Resources of Information (Source) :
It contains comments by participants in, witnesses to and
authorities’ expert on the event.
 Social Function
To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day
this is considered newsworthy or important.

Language Feature
1. Using action verbs
It is a verb that expresses an action. Any verb that
describes what someone or something does is an action
verb. An action verb can be physical or mental. For
example; go, leave, meet, run, etc.
2. Using saying verb
Saying verbs are verbs such as say or ask which we
typically use to report what someone said.
3. Using Passive Voice
A verb is said to be in the passive voice when its subject
does not perform the action of the verb. In fact, the
action is performed on the subject.
4. Using Adverb
An adverb is a word that modifies verbs, adjectives and
other adverbs. Basically, most adverbs tell you how, in
what way, when, where, and to what extent something is
done. In other words, they describe the manner, place, or
time of an action
5. Tenses
Using Past tense in explaining news events. But if it is a
fact that until now still happen or still in the form of fact,
then can use simple present tense.

2 Daftar materi yang 1. Language features of Manual Text

sulit dipahami di 2. Language Features of Recipe
modul ini 3. Determine the messages contained in a good itinerary.
4. Find factual information from a news item text

3 Daftar materi yang 1. Language features and Social Function of Manual Text
sering mengalami 2. Language Features of Recipe
miskonsepsi 3. Analysing the social functions, text structures, and
lexico-grammatical features of report texts in regard to
the contexts of situation.
4. Analysing the purpose/ social functions and text
structures with another texts.

LK 0.1: Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – Modul 6

Judul Modul ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC
CONTEXT
Judul Kegiatan Belajar (KB) 1. Analytical Exposition Texts
 2. Hortatory Exposition Texts
3. Explanation Texts
4. Discussion Texts
No Butir Refleksi Respon/Jawaban
1 Garis Besar Learning Activity 1; Analytical Exposition Texts
Materi yang Analytical Exposition Texts
dipelajari 1. Definition
Analytical Exposition Text: Analytical Exposition is a text that
elaborates the writer's idea about the phenomenon surrounding.
2. Generic Structure
a. Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer‘s point
of view.
b. Argument: Explaining the argument to support the writer‘s
position. The number of arguments may vary, but each
argument must be supported by evidence and explanation.
c. Reiteration: Restating the writer‘s point of view / to strengthen
the thesis. We can make conclusion in reiteration.
3. Social Function
Analytical Exposition Text: An Analytical Exposition is intended
by the writer/speaker: To convince the audience that his/her idea is
an important matter.
4. Language Features
a. Grammar
- Internal and causal conjunction
- Simple present tense
- Relational process
- Compound and complex sentence
- Argument link word

Learning Activity 2: Hortatory Exposition Text

1. Definition
Hortatory Exposition Text:
2. Generic Structure
a. Thesis: Statement or announcement of concerned issue.
b. Arguments: Reasons for concern that will lead to
recommendation.
c. Recommendation: Statement of what should or should not
happen or be done based on the given arguments.
3. Social Function
Hortatory Exposition: To persuade the audience that something
should or should not be the case or be done.
4. Language Features
a. Grammar
- Simple present tense
- Passive sentence
- Modals and adverb
- Subject pronoun
- Temporal and causal connective
- Evaluative language
b. Vocabulary
 c. Common Expressions

Learning Activity 3; Explanation Text

1. Definition
Explanation Text: Explanation is a text which tells processes
relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural
phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why'
and 'how' of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in
science,
geography and history text books.
2. Generic Structure
a. General statement: stating the phenomenon issues which are to
be explained.
b. Sequenced explanation: stating a series of steps which explain
thephenomena.
c. Concluding statement.
3. Social Function
4. Language Features
a. Grammar
- Passive voice pattern
- Simple present tense
- Technical term
- Show cause and effect word
- Abstract noun
- Action Verb
- Noun phrase
b. Vocabulary
c. Common Expression

Learning Activity 4; Discussion Text

1. Definition
Discussion Text: text which presents a problematic discourse.
This problem is discussed from different points of view. It presents
pro and contra opinion on certain issue.
2. Generic structure
a. General statement: to introduce the audience to the topic of
discussion – it can include a question and the view of the
author can be expressed here (called the discussion‘s thesis)
b. A series of paragraph that have points for and against the topic
– the text may have paragraphs on the for side followed by
paragraphs on the against side, and within the paragraphs
there should be evidence to support the point of view.
c. Concluding paragraph that sums up the discussion and gives
the opinion of the author of the text.
3. Social Function
Discussion Text: A Discussion Text is intended by the
writer/speaker to present (at least) two points of view about issue
 or problem; to present arguments from differing points of view
about issue or problem.
4. Language Features
a. Grammar
- Simple present tense
- Medium to high degrees of modality
- Quoted and reported speech argument
- Passive voice
- Clauses complex combination
- Beginning and complex sentences

2 Daftar materi 1. Structures of Analytical Exposition

yang sulit 2. Structures of Hortatory Exposition Texts
dipahami di 3. Creating and building explanation texts
4. Language features especially in grammar of Discussion text
modul ini
3 Daftar materi 1. Structures of Analytical Exposition, especially Reiteration.
yang sering It’s almost similar to Recommendation
mengalami 2. Difference of Hortatory and Analytical Exposition text
3. Social Function of explanation texts
miskonsepsi
4. Characteristics of Discussion text, especially in term of
grammar,vocabulary and expression