NAMA : YAYAH ASIAH NURPADILAH

No. Peserta : 201501599655

LK 0.1 : Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – MODUL 1

Judul Modul MODUL 1
ENGLISH FOR PUBLIC INFORMATION
Judul Kegiatan Belajar ( KB ) 1. Public Notice
2. Posters and Banners
3. Graphics Organizers
4. Infographic
No Butir Refleksi Respon / Jawaban
1 Daftar peta konsep Kegiatan Belajar 1 ( Public Notice )
( istilah dan definisi ) di
modul ini 1. Definition
Notice is a form of functional text used as instruction or
guidance to someone doing or not doing something.
2. Social function
To give an instruction, information, direction, to ask people, to
advice / suggest, recommend,people, to remind people, to
warn / give warning, to ban / to forbid, to prohibit people.
3. Characteristic
Short text, easy to understand, written in capital font, mostly
use images / pictures.
4. Generic Structure
Attention gather, information, closure.

5. Language Features :
 Using imperatives mood ( imperative sentence)
 Using declarative reference

6. Kinds of Notice :
Command, caution, information , prohibition.
Kegiatan Belajar 2 ( Posters and Banners )
1. Definition
 Poster is one of communication media that is used to
convey a message or an information.
 Banner is a typically rectangular advertisement placed
on a website either above, below, or on the sides of the
web site’s main content and is linked to the advertisor’s
own website. In the early days of the internet, banners
were ads with text and graphic images.
2. Generic structure
 Poster : header area, tittle area, author’s photo and
address, main idea, footer area, background, fonts.
 Banners : logo, value proposition, body copy, image,
call to action
( CTA )
3. Social Function
 Poster : to alert and engage the viewer, to challenge and
call an audience into action , to promote an event.
 Banners : advertising or naming of college or
universities. and as media , to promote a product, an
event or service basically is an announcement so that
everyone can see.
 4. Language Features :
 Poster : short text elements, phrase and active voice,
serif font for text and san serif font for tittle and heading
( optional )
 Banner : use simple present tense, use simple phrase or
statement.

Kegiatan Belajar 3 ( Graphic Organizers )

1. Definition
Graphic organizers represent visual understanding that
structures information by organizing significant elements of a
notion or subject in a pattern using labels.
2. Generic Structure :
 Tiitles, heading, and / or labels
The tittle of a grapich organizer indicates the data of
information which is going to be presented.
 Specific locations for information
Information in a graphic organizer is presented in the
form of pictures, symbols or words specifically so that
the readers will easily understand the content of an issue
or the topic.
 Short description ( bullets or limited sentences )
The description of visual presentation is often limited to
minimize the long wordly explanation which will
distract the readers.
3. Social function
Tool for critical and creative thinking , tools for organizing
information, tools for understanding information and
relationship, tools for depicting knowledge and understanding,
tools for self learning.
4. Language Features
 Complex information is conveyed in a simple to
understand manner through a visual display. In other
words, a large amount of information can be converted
into easy – to – read display.
 Analytical, critical planning, and creative thinking skill
are concerned.
 The organizers are made to be easily edited , revised,
and added.
 Graphic organizers have multiple uses such as planning,
brainstorming, studying, or summarizing.
 Most graphic organizers use short words or phrase, or
drawing, so they can appropriately be used with all the
levels of learners .
Kegiatan Belajar 4 : ( Infographic )
1. Definition
Infographics are essentially visual representations of
information, commonly they are utilized to tell stories, bring
ideas, or explore issue through a range of different graphics.
2. Characteristics of infographics :
Clear goals, easy to digest, compelling narrative, unique
concept, creative design, visual focus- not text.
3. Generic Structure of infographics :
 Headline / Tittle
Your headline should tell about the whole gist of your
infographics. It is better for you to make it short yet
interesting.
 Beginning / Introduction
This part contains sentences describing your
infographic. Your introduction should grasp your
reader’s attention.
 Middle / Main infographic content
This is the main focus of your infographic. Here, the
main idea of your message is broken down into smaller
sections by using subtopics, subheadings, supporting
sentences, and data visual elements.
 End / Conclusion
You summarize and reinforce your argument in this
part. You can write what you want the readers to do.
 Sources / Footnotes
Do not forget to cite your sources if you are using
sources a part from your own for finding relevant data
for example.
4. Social / Language Function of Infographics
 Statistical infographics
This type of infographics allow you to visualize survey
results, present data from some sources , argue some
issues with relevant data, and etc.
 Informational infographics
If you want to inform a concept or to give an overview
of a topic, this type of infographic is appropriate to use.
 Timeline infographics
This type of infographics functions to visualize the
history of something, to highlight important dates or to
give an overview of an event.
 Process infographics
This type of infographics is suitable for providing a
summary or overview of the steps in a progress.
 Geographic infographics
You can visualize location- based data or demographic
through this type of infographic
 Comparison infographics
You can use this type of infographics to compare
options in an unbiased way or to make one option seem
better. Commonly comparison infographics are divided
in the middle vertically or horizontally with one option
on each side.
 Hierarchical infographics
This type of infographics arranges information from
greatest to least. The following is an example of a
hierarchical infographic of the pyramid visualizing
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
 List infographics
You can use this type of infographic to share a
collection of tips or a list of resources or a list of
 examples. Generally it is
Straightforward.

5. Language features of infographics

Informative, engaging, and accessible.

2 Daftar materi yang sulit 1. Language features of graphic organizers

dipahami 2. Graphic Organizers and Infografic
3 Daftar materi yang sering 1. Poster and Banner
mengalami miskonsepsi 2. Graphic organizers and infographic
LK 0.2 : Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – MODUL 2
Judul Modul
Judul Kegiatan Belajar (KB)
No Butir Refleksi
1 Daftar peta konsep (istilah 1. Definition PERSONAL LETTER is a type of
dan definisi) di modul ini
2 Daftar materi yang sulit
dipahami di modul ini
3 Daftar materi yang sering
mengalami miskonsepsi
MODUL 2
ENGLISH FOR PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
1. PERSONAL LETTER
2. INVITATION
3. ANNOUNCEMENT
4. ADVERTISEMENT
Respon/Jawaban
letter which concerns about personal matter, and
it is addressed to a person who is known well.
Personal letter may help you to maintain and
build personal relationship with a person you
know well.
Generic structure: introduction greeting, body,
closing.
Language features: exchanging personal news,
feelings, condition, use pronoun, simple
present/past tense, use date and addres,
informal greeting/salutation.
2. Definition INVITATION is a written or verbal
request inviting someone to go somewhere or to do
something.
Purpose: To invite someone attend/come an event
General structure: receiver, body, subject, day,
date, time, placd, sender
3. Definition ANNOUNCEMENT is a statement
made to the public or to the media which gives
information about something that has happened or
that will happen.
Purpose: to inform the announcement text
information about an event, jib vacancies, new
enrollment, new admissions, and so on. Generic
structure: title, explanation.
4. Definition ADVERTISEMENT: a notification that
purpose is to persuade and motivating people to buy
or use the product or service that offered or
informed.
Consist of name the product, selling points,
interesting design.
Characteristic: suitable word, clear goal,
interesting and suggestive expression, honest,
brave, clear.
Announcement
Personal letter and Announcement
LK 0.1 : Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – Modul 3
Judul Modul MODUL 3
ENGLISH FOR SOCIAL COMMUNICATION
Judul Kegiatan Belajar (KB) 1 : Exploring Descriptive Text 1  Person & animals
2 : Exploring Descriptive Text 2  Things & places
3 : Exploring Report Text 1  Classifying report & compositional
report
4 : Exploring Report Text 2  Comparative report & historical
report
No Butir Refleksi Respon/Jawaban
1 Daftar peta konsep 1. Descriptive Text is a text that explains about what
(istilah dan definisi) di a person or an animal, is like. It is about sensory
modul ini experience, how something looks, sounds, shapes.
Mostly it is about visual experience, but
description also deals with other kinds of
perception. It can be said that the descriptive text
is a meaningful text that describes particular
person or animals. It reveals the experience related
to the sense, such as appearance, shape, sound,
taste is. In particular, it is a text which says what
a person or an animal is. Its purpose is to give a
visual picture of person, or animal being described,
such as My favourite teacher; Cockatoo (a specific
bird) by explaining the characteristics, appearance,
physical features, or anything relate to what the
writer describes.
 Social Function
 To give information about a particular entity by
describing its features, history, and special
characteristics.
 To give information about things by describing
physical attributes, behaviors, uses, etc.
 Generic Structure The generic structure of this
text consists of :
 Identification or general statements. It introduces
or identifies specific object (a person and animal).
 Descriptions: The parts of a text describe the
object characteristics, appeareances,
personality, habits or qualities
 Language Features:
a. Focus on specific participants as the main
character;
b. Use present tense as dominant tenses;
c. Use linking verbs or relational process
frequently (is, are, has, have, belongs to) in
order to classify and describe appearance or
qualities and parts or functions of
phenomena;

2 Daftar materi yang sulit
dipahami di modul ini
d. Use action verbs or material process and
behavioural process in giving additional
description regarding action and behaviour
done by the participants in text;
e. Use mental verb or mental process when
describing feelings;
f. Use nominal group frequently to describe;
g. Use adjective and adverbs to add information to
nouns and add information to verbs to provide
more detailed description about the topic;
h. Use adverbial phrases to add more
information about manner, place, or time and
sometimes realized inembedded clause which
functions as circumstances
2. REPORT text is a text which presents information
about something. It is as a result of systematic
observation and analyses.
3. Comparative Report: to identify the similarities and
differences between two and more classes or things
4. Generic Structure: General statement (it introduces
entities to be compared), Description (it contains the
systematic analysis of similarities and differences)
5. Historical Report: to give information about the way
things were in relation to a particular historical
period or site
6. Generic structure: General statement (it identifies
historical period or site and it defines and locates in
time and place), Description (features or
characteristics, activities, behaviors, artefacts,
historical significance)
Learning Activity 1
Language Feature

Learning Activity 2
Lexicogrammatical Feature

Learning Activity 3
Differentiate Classifying and compositional Report Text

Learning Activity 4
Language Feature
3 Daftar materi yang Learning Activity 1
sering Linking verb
mengalami miskonsepsi
Learning Activity 2
Function and the purpose of the descriptive text

Learning Activity 3
The unit of Language forming text

Learning Activity 4
-to analyse the contextual differences and
similarities between a number of report text in
regard
 LK 0.1: Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri – MODUL 4

Judul Modul Modul 4

ENGLISH FOR ENTERTAINMENT
Judul Kegiatan belajar (KB) 1. BIOGRAPHY
2. HISTORICAL RECOUNT
3. FABLES
4. LEGENDS
No Butir Refleksi Respon/Jawaban
1 Garis besar materi yang dipelajari LEARNING ACTIVITY 1: BIOGRAPHY
1. Definition
Biographies are the one genre that can open their eyes
and hearts to people who have made a difference in the
world. They can learn about lives and eras of both the
past and present
2. Social function
To know a person’s story about his / her life outside of
any accomplishments this person may be known for
and to give lots of information easily and to educate the
readers.
3. Characteristic s of bioghraphy
Biography is not written by subject and is always
written in third person. In other words, biographical
texts are not made by people who are being told their
life history, but are told by other people in the
perspective of third people.
4. Grammar and language features
 Use of simple past tense. A simple form of events
that occurred in the past. Use the second verb form
(verb 2).
 Temporal sequence and temporal conjunction are
used as s a link between one sentence with another
sentence in chronological order.
 Focus on Specific participant
 Use of Action verbs. Group of words that describe
something that is actively done by a character
5. Generic structure
 ORIENTATION (INTRODUCTION)
 EVENTS
 REORIENTATION
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: HISTORICAL RECOUNT
1. Definition
Historical recount is concerned with a history of a place
or an object.
Historical recount is closely related to the history of a
place or an
object which is very memorable and considered
important throughout life. This type of the text is a kind
of recount which explains about the chronological
events occurred in the past.
2. Function of Historical recount
To describe past historical experiences by retelling
chronological events by involving the important dates,
characters as well as the place of the events.
 3. Generic Structure
 Orientation (introduction)
 Events
 Reorientation
4. Grammar and Language Features
 The participant of historical recount must be
specific, it could involve persons, animals or
things).
 The of use correct pronouns referring to the
participants of the text.
 It deals with the use of material processes or
actions verbs.
 It uses some adverb phrased to mention location,
manner, and frequency, such as in the afternoon,
carefully, and never.
 It used the past tense in the sentences because
historical
 recount tells the readers about past events,
 It also requires the use of adjectives to describe the
objects.
 The use of evaluative words are absolutely needed
to assess the significance of something,
 The historical recount should be focusing on the
ordered
 events which were signaled by the use of time
connections like after that, ,after, before, finally,
etc

LEARNING ACTIVITY 3: FABLES

1. Definition
A fable is a story featuring animals, plants or forces of
nature which are aanthropomorphized (given human
qualities). A fable always ends with a moral value
which was intended as the
Lesson. Fables can relate to everyone and connect us
with other culture.
2. Function of Fables
 To entertain or to amuse the readers about the
interesting story. To convey moral messages or
lessons
 To the readers, especially for children to behave
morally in the world to understand the values of
the culture in which they are written.
3. Characteristics of Fable
 Using simple plot and character
 Involving a character who is sly or clever
 Using animals or elements of nature (non-human
characters) as the main characters who act and talk
just like people while keeping their animal traits.
 Containing a moral or lesson which can be found
in the end of
 the story.
 Using personification (aanthropomorphized) where
Nonhuman Characters can talk or show human
characters
  Containing a funny and amusing story
 Reflecting cultural beliefs
4. Generic Structure
 ORIENTATION (INTRODUCTION)
 COMPLICATION
 RESOLUTION
5. Grammar and language features
 Using commn and nonspecific setting
 Often taking place outside
 Using past action verb: Climbed, Turned, Brought
 Using specific noun as pronoun of person, animal
in the story. Example: The king, the queen, etc.
 Using adjectives which are for noun phrase.
Example: Long black, hair, two red apples, etc.
 Using time connectives and Conjunctions to
arrange the events. Examples: Then, before, after,
soon, etc.
 Using adverbs and adverbial phrase to show the
location of events. Examples: here, in the
mountain, ever after, etc.
 Using dialogue to elicit an emotional response
from the reader.
 Using Past Tense
 Ending in happy resolution
 Using of variety of simple, compound and complex
sentences
6. Moral values of the fable
A fable is indeed identical with moral values, below are
some
examples of moral value of the fables:
1) Persuasion is better than force
2) Liars may give themselves away
3) Make hay while the sun shines
4) Don’t just follow the crowd
5) Pride can be costly

LEARNING ACTIVITY 4: LEGENDS

1. Definition
A legend is “a story or narrative that lies somewhere
between myth and historical fact and which, as a rule,
is about a particular figure or person.” Traditionally, a
legend is a narrative that focuses on a historically or
geographically specific figure, and describes his
exploits. Similar to a myth, a legend can provide an
etymological narrative, often filling in historical gaps
2. Function of Legend
to present the story of human actions in such a way that
they are perceived by the the listeners or readers to be
true (in literature).
To entertain or to amuse the readers about the
interesting story
(in general)
3. Characteristics of Legend
 A legend is a set in specific place or time
 The main character is often heroic
  The main character is a human, not a God
 A legend is a fictional story
 Usually there is some historical truth at the heart of
every legend
 Heroes perform great deeds with their strength and
their intelligence. Exaggeration is usually involved
in retelling deeds.
 Heroes often give up dreams of happiness to help
others
 The hero is real but some parts of the story are not
completely true. They have been stretched or
expanded upon.
 Handed down through generation
 The story was told orally and turned into literary
masterpieces
4. Generic Structure
 ORIENTATION (INTRODUCTION)
 COMPLICATION
 RESOLUTION
 RE-ORIENTATION
5. Grammar and language features
 The use of Adjective that form the noun phrase.
Example: the strong crocodile
 Time connectives and conjunction. Example: A
long time ago
 The use of adverb and adverbial phrases to
indicate the location of the incident or events.
Example: In the river
 The use of action verbs in the past tense.
Example: They curved
 her. People then always talked
 The used of saying verbs that mark remarks.
Example : He said angrily
 The use of thinking verbs that mark the
thoughts, perceptions or feelings of the
characters in the story. Example: The man then
looked so curious.
 The use of dialogue to elicit an emotional
response from the reader
Daftar materi yang sulit dipahami  How to Write a Biographical Article From an
2
di modul ini Interview for the student
Daftar materi yang sering  Bioghraphy
3
mengalami miskonsepsi  Historical Events
LK 0.1 : LEMBAR KERJA BELAJAR MANDRI – MODUL 5
Judul Modul English for Practical Use
Judul Kegiatan Belajar (KB) 1. Procedure Text; Manual
2. Procedure Text; Recipe
3. Itinerary
4. News Item
No Butir Refleksi Respon/Jawaban
1 Garis besar materi yang KB 1. Procedure Text; Manual
dipelajari 1. Procedure text is a text that tells us to do
something, it usually consists of a set of
sequence steps are a method to achieve what
our goal is there are some examples of
procedure text. The first one is user manual
then recipe and the last one is itinerary.
2. The structure of procedure types generally it
consists of three structures.
- The first one is the goal for our purpose
(Not all procedure text states its goal,
sometimes we use its title as its goal).
- The second one is tools or ingredients (not
all procedure text has the tool and the
ingredients in the same time. Recipe for
instance doesn’t put a tools on the list but it
has ingredients. On the other hand, user
manual it put the tools and it’s very funny
to put the ingredients in user manual. It
based on the types that you are going to
make it).
- The last one is steps or method (this is the
main structure of its procedure text, it gives
the procedures on how we make it based on
the orderly procedure. So, the rader can
follow the sequence tabs according to the
procedure in the text.
3. Language features is the one features that
support the types in procedure text. For
example;
- First is the use of imperative or
common,
- The use of adverbial,
- The use of action verb,
- The use of conjunctions,
- The use of present simple tense.
4. Manual alternatively referred to as
documentation or end-user
documentation, a manual is a book or pamphlet
that contains information about
a program or piece of hardware.
5. The followings are the social function of
procedure text:
It is used to describe how something is done
in sequenced steps.
It provides a series of steps in sequence that
explain the readers how to do something while
allowing them to reach the outcome
successfully.
The communicative purpose of the text is to
tell the steps of making or doing something.
6. The example of procedure texts: Manuals are
how to Insert SIM Card into Cellphone, User
Manual on How to Use Projector.
KB 2. Procedure Text; Recipe
1. Procedure text is the text which gives the steps
or procedures on how to do something.
Generally speaking, a recipe is a list of
ingredients and a set of instructions that tell
you how to cook something.
2. There are two different social functions of
recipe, they are as listed in the following
explanation;
 Recipe is used to describe how food is
completely made or cooked through a
sequence of series.
 Communicative purpose of recipe is to
describe how food is completely made
through a sequence of actions or steps.
3. The generic structure of procedure text;
Recipe.
- The first one is the goal for our purpose
(Not all procedure text states its goal,
sometimes we use its title as its goal),
- The second one is ingredients and the last
one is steps or method (this is the main
structure of its procedure text, it gives the
procedures on how we make it based on the
orderly procedure. So, the readers can
follow the sequence tabs according to the
procedure in the text).
4. Language Features of Recipe
To create a good recipe, you may consider
using the following language features of a
recipe;
 Noun or noun groups is a word that
functions as the name of some spesific
thing or set of things.
 Conjunctions is a word to connect clauses
or sentences or to coordinate words in the
same clause.
  Action verbs is a verb that expresses an
action.
 Imperatives; An imperative sentence gives
a command. It usually ends with period but
it may also end with an exclamation point.
 Adverbial is word or phrase functioning
like an adverb.
 Vocabulary is commonly used in recipe
ranges from technical to everyday
language according to the target of
language.
 Language is supposed to be clear and
precise.
 Present tense is generally used in recipe.
5. The example of procedure texts: Recipes are
How to Make Chilli Beef Rendang By Chef
James Martin, How to Make Satay.
KB 3. Itinerary
1. Itinerary is defined as a schedule of events
relating to a planned travel which is generally
including destinations to be visited at a
specified time and the means of transportation
to move between those destinations.
2. The generic structures of Itinerary are:
(1) The name of the trip;
(2) The details of the trip : activites, place, and
time;
(3) Name of the person/instituion in charge.
In addition, writing itinerary we also have to
know the places that will be used as travel
destination.
3. Social Function
To make a well-prepared program or travel.
Making an itinerary will force you to do a
research ahead of time.
To make an effective journey or travel, you
will know well about the places you are going
to visit and how to get there and when you will
go and go back from a place to another places.
To be a guideline in spending time during
travelling. An itinerary is usually used as a
guideline for someone in spending the time
while they are having vacation.
4. Language Features
 Using simple present tense
 Using action verb
 Using simple sentence or phrase
 The examples of itinerary are Travel Dubai
with Travelport, Business tour Beijing-
Xiamen-Beijing.
KB 4. News Item
1. News item text is a text that relates to the news.
There are two kinds of news item text, written
and spoken. News that we read in newspaper is
written text form. News that we hear in radio
or television is spoken text form.
2. Social function
News item text is a text which inform the
readers, listeners or viewers about events of
the days in chronological order. The order in
news item can be based on time, place or the
events themselves.
To inform readers, listeners or viewers about
events of the day which is considered
newsworthy or important.
3. Structure of text:
 Main event / newsworthy event (Headline
of the news)
 Background event (telling the specific
event and aswering 5W 1H)
 Sources (statement or opinion from
someone who involves in the event or
knows about the chronology of the event)
4. Languagae features of News Item
- Using action verbs
- Using saying verb
- Using passive voice
- Using adverb
- Using past tense
- The language should be clear abd precise

2 Daftar materi yang sulit 1. Penggunaan imperative or common dalam teks

dipahami di modul ini prosedur
2. Cara membedakan generik struktur
antara prosedur manual dan recipe
3. Dalam membedakan antara initerary dan
procedure text
4. Membuat text news item, karna perlu data yang
benar.
3 Daftar materi yang sering 1. Generic structure antara manual dan recipe
mengalami miskonsepsi 2. Adverb dan adverbial
3. Penggunaan guideline
4. Dalam membuat main event dan
background event.
LK 0.1 : LEMBAR KERJA BELAJAR MANDRI – MODUL 6
Judul Modul MODUL 6
English for Academic Context
Judul Kegiatan Belajar (KB) 1. Analytical Exposition Text
2. Hortatory Exposition Text
3. Explanation Text
4. Discussion Text
No Butir Refleksi Respon/Jawaban
1 Garis besar materi yang KB 1. Analytical Exposition Text
dipelajari 1. Analytical exposition test is a text that
elaborates the writer’s idea about the
phenomenon surrounding. This text will only
persuade the readers that the phenomena/issues
are important/worth it to be discussed by
providing the arguments/opinions to support
the topic.
2. Generic Structures
An Analytical Exposition consists of three
components:
1. Thesis: Introducing the topic and
indicating the writer‘s point of view.
2. Argument: Explaining the argument to
support the writer‘s position. The number of
arguments may vary, but each argument must
be supported by evidence and explanation.
3. Reiteration: Restating the writer‘s point of
view / to strengthen the thesis. We can make
conclusion in reiteration.
3. Social Function
An Analytical Exposition is intended by the
writer/speaker: To convince the audience that
his/her idea is an important matter.
4. Language Features
Analytical Exposition has its characteristics,
especially in terms of grammar, vocabulary,
and expressions.
i) Grammar
Grammatical points that are most often used:
- Use of internal conjunction
- Use of causal conjunction
- Use of the Simple Present Tense
- Use of relational process
- Use of compound and complex
sentences
- Use of words that link argument
ii) Vocabulary
A few words/phrases that often appear: (Once)
again, Consequently, Because, in
short, in conclusion, argument, reason,
secondly, in addition, furthermore.
 iii) Common expressions
Expressions with the following style are
typical to Analytical Exposition texts: The
following are the reasons why….., Based
on the arguments above, …… .
KB 2. Hortatory Exposition
1. A hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or
written text that is intended to explain the
listeners or readers that something should or
should not happen or be done.
2. The main function of Hortatory Exposition text
is to persuade the readers or listener that
something should or should not be the case.
To strengthen the explanation, the speaker or
writer needs some arguments as the
fundamental reasons of the given idea. In other
words, this kind of text can be called as
argumentation.
3. A Hortatory Exposition consists of three main
components:
1. Thesis: Statement or announcement of
concerned issue.
2. Arguments: Reasons for concern that will
lead to recommendation.
3. Recommendation: Statement of what
should or should not happen or be done based
on the given arguments.
4. Social Function
A Hortatory Exposition is intended by the
writer/speaker: To persuade the audience that
something should or should not be the case or
be done
5. Language Features
- Use of The Simple Present Tense
- Use of passive sentences
- Use of modals and adverb: certainly,
surely, etc.
- Use of subject pronoun (e.g. I and we)
- Use of temporal connectives an causal
connectives
- Use of evaluative language.
KB 3. Explanation Text
1. Explanation is a text which tells processes
relating to forming of natural, social, scientific
and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to
say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the
phenomena. To tell each step of the process
and to give
reasons. It is often found in science, geography and
history text books.
2. Generic Structure
An Explanation text comprises three main
parts:
1. General statement; stating the
phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
2. Sequenced explanation; stating a series of
steps which explain the phenomena.
3. Concluding statement.

3. Social Function
An Explanation Text is intended by the
writer/speaker
To explain the audience how and why
something works or happens.
4. Language Features
- Use of passive voice pattern
- Use of the Simple Present Tense
- Use of technical terms
- Use of words that show cause and effect
- Use of abstract noun
- Use of action verb
- Use of noun phrases.
KB 4. Discussion Text
1. Discussion text is a text which presents a
problematic discourse. This problem is
discussed from different points of view. It
presents pro and contra opinion on certain issue
2. Generic Structure
A discussion text comprises three main parts:
1. General statement to introduce the
audience to the topic of discussion – it can
include a question and the view of the author
can be expressed here (called the discussion‘s
thesis)
2. A series of paragraphs that have points for
and against the topic – the text may have
paragraphs on the for side followed by
paragraphs on the against side, and within the
paragraphs there should be evidence to support
the point of view.
 3. A concluding paragraph that sums up the
discussion and gives the opinion of the author
of the text.
3. Social Function
A Discussion Text is intended by the
writer/speaker to present (at least) two points
of view about issue or problem; to present
arguments from differing points of view about
issue or problem.
4. Language Features
- Use of the Simple Present Tense
- Use of medium to high degrees of
modality.
- Use of quoted and reported speech to
support arguments.
- Use of passive voice to change focus of
sentences.
- Focus on beginning of sentences.
- Use of complex combination of
clauses.
- Use of complex sentences.

2 Daftar materi yang sulit 1. Understanding about language features and

dipahami di modul ini make the text it self. Sometimes, it get
accidently exchange with hortatory text.
2. To differentiate generic structure of hortatory
and analytical exposition.
3. The use of passive voice
4. Some students are difficult to use complex
combination of clauses.
3 Daftar materi yang sering 1. How to identify the reiteration, that should be
mengalami miskonsepsi there or not.
2. Why hortatory is called argumantation.
3. The level understanding of the material for
students is too high.
4. The teacher lacks time to provide opportunities
for students to express their opinions or ideas;