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专题 10 非谓语动词——精讲深剖

一.单句语法填空
1.(2019 全国 I 卷)Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-

1980s, and are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area.

【答案】to perform

【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法

只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用 to perform。

2.(2019 全国 I 卷)Scientists have responded by _____ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating( 聚集)

around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.

【答案】noting

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by 可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填 noting。

3.(2019 全国 II 卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be)Britain's oldest full-

time employee-still working 40 hours a week.

【答案】being

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 for 可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填 being。

4.(2019 全国 II 卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award ,proud Irene ______(declare) she had no

plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.

【答案】declared

【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为 Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文 had 以及 said 可知

用一般过去时态,故填 declared。

5.(2019 全国 II 卷)When we got a call ______ (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.

【答案】saying

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式 saying 作后置定语,解释名

词 call 的内容,call 与 say 是主动关系,故填 saying。

6.(2019 全国 III 卷)On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long

it would take _____ (get)there.


【答案】to get

【解析】考查不定式。句中的 would 提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子,wondering 后的句子不缺谓语,此处

应填非谓语动词,故填 to get。

7.(2019 全国 III 卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a

beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,_____ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

【答案】listening

【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”,所以 70 题空格处动词 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。听音

乐这个动作是由 we 发出的,所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and 前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题 ,

and 后 meeting interesting locals 为分词形式,故空格处填 listening。

8.(2019 浙江高考)When the children are walking or ______ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can

easily see them.

【答案】cycling

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or 连

接两个并列成分,根据 or 前的 walking 可知,此处要用 cycling。故填 cycling。

9.(2019 浙江高考)But some students didn't want ______ (wear) the uniform.

【答案】to wear

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth 想要做某事,这是 want 的

固定用法。故填 to wear。

10.(2019·北京卷)Nervously _____ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be

yourself”.

【答案】facing

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分

析句式可知,此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是 I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用

现在分词作状语。故填 facing。

二.单项选择
1.(2019·江苏卷) __________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.

A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使

用智能手机。故选 A。

2.(2019·天津卷)___________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
A. Learn B. Learned

C. Learning D. Having learned

【答案】C

【解析】考查动名词。句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分,而过去

分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语,故选 C。

3.(2019·江苏卷) China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international

affairs.

A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized

【答案】A

【解析】考查 with 复合结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。

“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用 with + 名词 + 现在分词结构,故选 A。

4.(2018·北京)_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience

A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled

【答案】B

【解析】考查动名词。句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”

做主语,要用动名词,故 B 选项正确。

点睛:动名词是动词-ing 形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

5.(2018·北京)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire

the moon and enjoy moon cakes.

A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼。gather 是谓

语动词,“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语,家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭,

赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故 B 选项正确。

点睛:动词不定式可以做主语,状语,定语,宾语,表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时,可以置于主句之

前也可以置于主句之后,通常译为“为了”。

6.(2018·北京) Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.

A. used B. to use C. using D. use

【答案】A
点睛:过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。
7.(2018·天津) I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______

it.

A. to eat;to try B. eating;trying C. eating;to try D. to eat; trying

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意:我不打算吃任何东西,但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试

一试。固定短语短语 mean to do(打算做),couldn’t help doing 忍不住做。故选 D。

点睛:本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义,本题需要区分

“mean to do 打算做”与“mean doing 意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help

doing 忍不住做”之间的含义。

8.(2018·天津)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.

A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补

足语,宾语 my photograph 与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C 项表示正在进行。故

选 B。

点睛:本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候,首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所

作的成分,找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语,再分析二者之间的关系,最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
9.(2018·江苏)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000

held by market analysts.

A. having exceeded B. to exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在这期间,大约创造 13,500 个新的工作,超过市场分析师持有的 12,000 的

预期数量。分析全句可知,这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果,故用现在分词作结果状语。故选 D。

点睛:本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。
having exceeded 强调时间先后,指的是此动作发生在谓语动词 create 的动作之前;to exceed 表示将要超出;

exceeded 过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知,这里用现在分词作结果状语。
三.单句改错
1.(2019 全国 I 卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.

【答案】say 改为 saying

【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为

cheered,say 在这里作伴随状语。与主语 players 是主动关系,故将 say 改为 saying。

2.(2019 全国 III 卷)Now my dream is to opens a cafe.

【答案】opens 改为 open

【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语,to 后用动词原形。故把 opens 改为 open。

考纲解读

近三年高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。在作用方面主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词;

作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词;它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面主要考查

用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。

知识梳理

一.非谓语动词做状语
1.分词作状语
分词作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语;一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。
(1)现在分词作状语时,分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的,它们之间是主动关系。
Hearing the news, they got excited.
听到这个消息,他们很兴奋。
(2)过去分词作状语时,分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间是被动关系。
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果给予正确的训练,这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。
2.动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的,有时也可以表示结果、原因等。
She was surprised to see George walk in.
看到乔治进来,她很惊讶。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时,常位于句首或句中,形式上可用 in order to do, so as to do, to do 等,但 so
as to do 不能置于句首。
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.
为了通过考试,他努力学习。
(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。
To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)
【考题印证】
单句语法填空
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don't have to run fast or for long________ (see) the benefit.
【答案】 to see 
【解析】考查动词不定式做状语。此处意为:你不必跑很快或很久就能看到它的好处。分析句子结构可知,
此处应该使用不定式形式作目的状语。故填 to see。
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ______ (improve) water
quality.
【答案】 to improve
【解析】考查动词不定式做状语。“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不种植水稻”的目的,故
此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to improve。
3.(2017·浙江 6 月高考)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring __________(cook) a
meal.
【答案】 to cook
【解析】考查动词不定式做状语。分析句子结构可知,句中已经有了谓语动词 removed,所以此处要用
动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to cook。
4.(2016·浙江 10 月高考) Soon after, I was on my way to the show, ________ (carry) a fancy black handbag
and a happy smile.
【答案】 carrying
【解析】考查现在分词做状语。空处为伴随状语,且与逻辑主语 I 是主谓关系,故用 carrying。

5.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their
food in large pots,________(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.
【答案】 using
【解析】考查现在分词做状语。 第二句句中已有谓语 cooked,且无其他连接词,use 与主句主语之间存
在主动关系,故填现在分词形式 using 作方式状语。

二.非谓语动词作定语
1.动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语,通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾
或同位关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个到,最后一个离开。
Have you got a letter to write?(动宾关系)
你有一封信要写吗?
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
(同位关系)
你有用英语读写的能力吗?
2.分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为 doing, being done 和 done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系
时,用 doing;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时,用 being done;当被修
饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时,用 done。
I have never seen a more moving film.
我没看过比这部更令人感动的电影。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的房子是给老师的。
The broken glass is Tom's.
这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为 doing 和 done, doing 表示正在进行;done 表示已经完成。
boiling water 正沸腾的水  boiled water 开水
3.动名词作定语
动名词可置于名词前作定语,表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。
a walking stick = a stick for walking  手杖
a sleeping car = a car for sleeping 卧铺车

【考题印证】
单句语法填空
1.(2018·浙江 11 月高考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem ________ (call) caffeinism.
【答案】 called
【解析】考查过去分词做定语。problem 与 call 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词 called 作 problem 的后置
定语。故填 called。
2.(2017·浙江 6 月高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ________ (shine) object.
【答案】 shining
【解析】考查现在分词做定语。空处作 object 的前置定语,故填 shining。
3.(2016· 全 国 卷 Ⅰ )But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid 1980s,
when I was the first Western TV reporter________(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from
starvation in the wild.
【答案】permitted 
【解析】考查过去分词做定语。因为句中已有谓语动词 was,故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因 permit 与
reporter 之间为逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填 permitted。 
三.非谓语动词作补语
1.后接动词不定式作补语的动词及动词短语
(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补,即“动词/动词短语+宾语+to do”。常见的这类动词或动
词短语有:
advise 建议    allow 允许     ask 询问;要求
beg 恳求 cause 导致 encourage 鼓励
permit 准许 forbid 禁止 force 强迫
intend 打算 invite 邀请 order 命令;要求
persuade 说服 prefer 更喜欢 require 需要;要求
teach 教 remind 提醒 tell 告诉
want 想要 warn 警告 wish 希望;想要
wait for 等待 call on 号召;要求 depend on 依靠
She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
她耐心地向学生解释了所有的规则,并要求每个人都遵循这些规则。
He depends on you to help him with his English.
他指望你帮助他学英语。
(2)下列动词接省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语:
一感 (feel),二听(hear, listen to),三让(let,have, make),五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at),半
帮助 (help),但在变为被动语态时需加 to。
Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)
有人看见小偷进了银行。
(3)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语,它们是:
sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought + to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have
been done sth.
He is said to have been cheated in the street.
据说,他在大街上被骗了。
The accident is reported to have killed two people.
据报道,那次事故中有两人丧生。
2.非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补
(1)感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的宾语补足语有四种形式, 以
see 为例:

I saw him leave a few minutes ago.


我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时,我看见他的腿在空中乱踢,并且呼吸沉重。
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。
(2)使役动词 make, let, have, get 后接复合宾语的情况:
①make+宾语+
The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。
He tried to make himself understood.
他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。
②let+宾语+
Don't let your child play with matches.
别让你的孩子玩火柴。
Let the work be done immediately.
工作要马上去做。

He had the computer working all the night.


他让电脑工作了一夜。
He had his wallet stolen on his way home.
在回家的路上,他的钱包被偷了。

She got her bike running very fast.


她把自行车骑得飞快。
I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
3.动词 leave, keep, find, catch 后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况

(2)keep
(3)find
(4)catch sb. doing sth.     撞见某人正在做某
【考题印证】
单句语法填空
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for
several other bodily functions.
【答案】to process 
【解析】考查动词不定式做宾补。require sb.to do sth.“需要某人做某事”。故填 to process。 
2.(2017· 全 国 卷 Ⅰ )If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends
________ (camp), I would have laughed heartily.
【答案】camping 
【解析】考查现在分词做宾补。spend ...doing“花费……做”,此处为现在分词作宾补。故填 camping。
四.非谓语动词作宾语
1.动词不定式作宾语
(1)跟不定式作宾语的动词:

决心学会想希望, decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish;


拒绝设法愿假装 refuse, manage, care, pretend
主动答应选计划, offer, promise, choose, plan;
同意请求帮一帮 agree, ask/beg, help
(2)动词 tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise 等常接“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
Please tell me when to start the project.
请告诉我何时开始这个项目。
(3)在某些动词如 find, think, consider, feel, make, believe 后,常用 it 作形式宾语,然后加宾语补足语,
最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.
我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
2.动名词作宾语
(1)常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语):

consider, suggest/advise, look forward to,


考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想
excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish,
避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏
enjoy/appreciate
forbid/avoid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind,
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准避免
allow/permit, escape
(2)由“动词+介词”构成的短语,其后跟动名词作宾语,常见的有 be/get used to (习惯于), feel like (想
要), insist on (坚持), get down to (开始认真做某事), devote ... to ... (致力于……), object to (反对), stick to (坚
持), give up (放弃)等。
It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.
我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
(3)下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语,也可以接动词不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
【考题印证】
单句语法填空
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by
running.
【答案】dying 
【解析】考查动名词做宾语。此处作介词 of 的宾语,故填动词 die 的动名词形式 dying。
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so
he doesn't feel challenged.
【答案】looking
【解析】考查动名词做宾语。avoid 后接动名词形式作宾语,故填 looking。
3.(2018·浙江 6 月高考)I still remember ________ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动名词做宾语。作 remember 的宾语,表示曾经去拜访过一个朋友。故填 visiting。
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) Fast food is full of fat and salt; by______ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt
and fat than they need in their diet.
【答案】eating
【解析】考查动名词做宾语。eating by 在此处表示“通过”,是介词,后面接动名词形式作宾语。故填
eating。
5.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road,______ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof
over the top.
【答案】laying
【解析】考查动名词做宾语。laying 和句中的“digging up” “building”并列作 included 的宾语。故填 laying。
6.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm _________(rest).
【答案】resting
【解析】考查动名词做宾语。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配。故填 resting。
7.(2016·浙江高考)He would ask who we were and pretend not ________ (know) us.
【答案】to know
【解析】考查动名词做宾语。pretend 后面接不定式作宾语,此处是否定式 pretend not to do sth. “假装不做
某事”。故填 to know。
8.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include________(introduce) British visitors to the 120plus
pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
【答案】introducing 
【解析】考查动名词做宾语。include 后需跟动名词作宾语。故填 introducing。
五.非谓语动词作主语、表语及其他
1.动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作,常用 it 作形式主语,而把真正的主语,即
动词不定式移到句子的后面。
It's a great pleasure to talk with you.
和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。

[名师指津] 在“It is/was+adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中:若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征,


则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用 of,此时形容词常为 kind, nice, foolish, generous 等词,且 sb.与形容词之
间可构成逻辑上的系表关系;若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点,则构成不定式复合结构的介
词应用 for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It was important for us to live a lowcarbon life.
过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2.动名词作主语
动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。下列句型中常用动名词作主语:
(1)It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth.
(2)There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth.
It is no good coming before that.
在那之前来没有用。
There is no sense (in) worrying about it now.
现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。
3.动词不定式与动名词作表语
动词不定式作表语表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作,而动名词作表语表示通常的情况。
My dream is to enter Beijing University.
我的梦想是考入北京大学。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你们英语。
4.分词作表语
表示事物的特征或性质时,表语用现在分词;表示人的内心感受时,表语用过去分词。
Please describe a dog that is frightening.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
Please describe a dog that is frightened.
请描述一只惊恐的狗。
【考题印证】
单句语法填空
1. (2018·江苏高考改编)________ (develop) the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which
calls for a clear road map and timetable.
【答案】introducing 
【解析】考查动名词做主语。Developing 空处作主语,应用动名词形式。
2.(2016·浙江高考)It was both ________ (excite) and frightening to be up there!
【答案】exciting
【解析】考查动名词做宾语。句中 It 作形式主语,真正的主语是“to be up there”,主语是物的时候,表
语应该用现在分词形式的形容词。故填 exciting,且由 and 后的并列成分 frightening 的形式也可知答案。
六.独立主格结构
独立主格结构的几种形式:
1.名词/代词(主格)+非谓语动词
Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. (permit 的逻辑主语是 Weather 而非 we)
明天如果天气好,我们就进行比赛。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.(fix 的逻辑主语是 his eyes 而非 he)
他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
2.名词/代词(主格)+形容词/副词/介词短语
The students were having a discussion, their faces (being) red with excitement.
学生们正在讨论,因为激动,他们的脸都红了。
The boy came in, sword in hand.
男孩走进来,手里握着剑。
[名师指津] 为使句子简洁、明快,独立主格结构中的冠词或代词也常省略。
3.with/without+宾语(名词/代词)+宾语补足语(形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词)
几乎所有的独立主格结构都可在其逻辑主语前加上 with/without,构成 with/without 复合结构。
Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.
没有人注意,我偷偷地溜进了屋。
非谓语动词的时态和语态
1.动词不定式的时态和语态
时态形式 意义 主动语态 被动语态
与句子谓语动词的动作同
to be
一般式 时发生或在谓语动词的动 to do
done
作之后发生
在谓语动词的动作发生时 to be
进行式
正在进行 doing
在谓语动词的动作之前发 to have to have
完成式
生 done been done
发生在谓语动词的动作之
完成进 to have
前并且持续到谓语动词的
行式 been doing
动作发生时仍在进行

The boy pretended to be studying hard when his teacher came in.
当老师进来的时候,那个男孩假装正在努力学习。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天要举行的会议很重要。
2.动名词和现在分词的时态和语态
时态形式 意义 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生 doing being done
完成式 先于谓语动词的动作完成 having done having been done
Do you like playing chess?
你喜欢下棋吗?
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
完成作业后,他上床睡觉了。
3.非谓语动词的主动语态表示被动意义
(1)动词不定式作表语形容词的状语,和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式用主动形式
表示被动意义。
This book is difficult to understand.
这本书很难理解。
(2)动词 need, want, require 作“需要”讲时,后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,也可跟不定式的被
动结构;be worth 后也用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
Your paper needs checking/to be checked again.
你的试卷需要再检查一遍。

考点精讲

“3 招”巧解语法填空解题

1.分析非谓语动词发生的时间以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系

(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系, 且正在进行,要想到用现在分词形式(doing);

(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done);

(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作,或作目的状语,或跟在表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后表示原因或意料之外的结

果等, 要想到用不定式形式(to do)。


【思路点拨】
1.According to the study, when (face) the new challenges, fast walkers are more likely to be active
while quiet people tend to walk more slowly.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查现在分词做状语。本句中 face 与 fast walkers 之间是主谓关系,需用现在分词。故填 facing。
句意:根据这项研究,当面对新的挑战时,快走的人更有可能是活跃的,而安静的人往往走得更慢。
2.The hobby (select) by teens depends upon their free time.
【答案】selected
【解析】考查过去分词做定语。select 与 the hobby 之间是动宾关系,需用过去分词,故填 selected。
3.Last summer I was lucky _ (spend) a couple of days in this city and I just fell in love with its narrow
paved streets and neat beautiful house!
【答案】to spend
【解析】考查动词不定式做状语。本句中,to spend 表示 lucky 的原因,也是 be+adj.+to do 结构,故填 to
spend。句意:去年夏天,我很幸运,在这个城市呆了几天,我爱上了它狭窄的街道和整洁漂亮的房子!
4.When his father discovered his son practising on a violin one day, he gave him a beating, (say) that he
was going to beat the music out of the boy.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查现在分词做状语。本句中,gave 与 say 是同时发生的动作,且他们的逻辑主语都是 he,需

用现在分词形式,故填 saying。句意:有一天,当他父亲发现他的儿子在练习小提琴时,他打了他一顿,说

他要把这孩子的音乐打出来。
2.掌握非谓语动词的固定句式结构

(1)It's+形容词+(for/of sb.+)to do sth.;

(2)It's no good/use/pleasure doing sth.;

(3)find/think/believe/consider+it+adj.+to do sth.;

(4)be likely to do sth.很可能做某事。


【思路点拨】
5.It is common (find) this type of poetry, calligraphy art, hanging in people's homes.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词的固定句式结构。本句中,It is +adj.to do sth 是固定搭配,且 to do 是真正的主
语,it 是形式主语,故填 to find。句意:这种类型的诗歌、书法艺术、挂在人们的家中是很常见的。
6.People with positive attitude are more likely _ (succeed) than those with negative attitude.
【答案】to succeed
【解析】考查非谓语动词的固定句式结构。本句中,be likely to do sth 是固定搭配,故填 to succeed。句意:
持积极态度的人比消极态度的人更有可能成功。
7.Everyone in our class is working hard and doing what we could (enter) a good university.
【答案】to enter
【解析】考查动词不定式做目的状语。故用句意“我们班的每个人都在努力学习,尽我们所能进入一所

好大学。”可知“to enter a good university”即“进入一所好大学”是没有发生的动作,也是目的,需用动词

不定式来表示。故填 to enter。

3.牢记后跟非谓语动词的特定动词

(1)牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词;

(2)牢记用动词不定式或分词作补足语的动词。
【思路点拨】
8.Last year, scientists saw some monkeys (rub) themselves with a certain kind of insects to protect
themselves from fierce mosquitoes biting.
【答案】rubbing
【解析】考查现在分词做宾语补足语。本句中包含 saw some monkeys rubbing themselves 即“see sb doing
sth 看见某人正在做某事”结构,故填 rubbing。句意:去年,科学家们发现一些猴子与某种昆虫摩擦,以保
护自己免受蚊子的猛烈叮咬。
9.The Old Town is definitely worthy _ (see).
【答案】to be seen
【解析】考查动词不定式的固定搭配。be worthy to be done 值得被做是固定搭配,故填 to be seen。
10.So, what kinds of food do you avoid (eat)?
【答案】eating
【解析】考查动名词做宾语。avoid doing sth 避免做某事,故填 eating。
短文改错解题“2 视角”

1.从非谓语动词构成角度检查

(1)检查是否该有不定式符号 to;

(2)检查动名词或分词是否正确。

2.从非谓语动词用法角度检查

(1)检查介词后的非谓语动词是否正确;

(2)检查并列结构中非谓语动词形式是否一致;

(3)检查作主语、宾语或宾补的非谓语动词形式是否合适;

(4)检查作状语的分词表示主动还是被动。

【思路点拨】
1.In addition, communicate with our teachers and classmates is also a good way.
【答案】communicate 改为 communicating
【解析】考查动名词做主语。本句中 communicate with our teachers and classmates 是主语,动词原形不能
做主语。故把 communicate 改为 communicating。
2.Last evening he used it take his cousin out for ice cream.
【答案】在 take 前加 to
【解析】考查动词不定式做目的状语。use sth to do sth 是固定句式,本句式中,to do 是目的状语。故在
take 前加 to 。
3.He hopes create an environment for his students that is much more relaxing than the one he used to study
in.
【答案】在 hopes 后加 to
【解析】考查动词不定式做目的状语 hope to do sth 是固定句式。本句式中,to do 是目的状语。故在在
hopes 后加 to。
【思路点拨】
4.After that, I swore I must learn English well, especially spoken English, and never make that embarrassing
thing happening again.
【答案】 happening 改为 happen
【解析】考查非谓语动词做宾语补足语。本句中“make that embarrassing thing happening ”错用了“make
sth do 使某事做某事”结构,故把 happening 改为 happen。
5.I'd like work for you because I care a lot about presently affairs.
【答案】在 like 后加 to
【解析】考查固定搭配。would like to do sth 想做某事,是固定搭配,故在 like 后加 to。
6.To her surprise, the poor old man was sitting on the floor with the palm of his hand bleed.
【答案】bleed 改为 bleeding
【解析】考查 with 复合结构。bleed 是宾语“the palm of his hand”发出的动作,即 the palm of his hand 和
bleed 是主谓关系,故把 bleed 改为 bleeding。句意:令她惊讶的是,可怜的老人正坐在地板上,手掌流着血。
7.Arrived home, I almost forgot my tiredness.
【答案】Arrived 改为 Arriving
【解析】考查现在分词做状语。arrive 和逻辑主语 I 是主谓关系,故把 Arrived 改为 Arriving。
8.Yesterday morning I was determined to giving her a hand and do some washing.
【答案】giving 改为 give
【解析】考查固定搭配。be determined to do sth 决定做某事是固定搭配,故把 giving 改为 give。
9.Most high school students want to get into famous universities and they spend most of their time review
lessons.
【答案】review 改为 reviewing
【解析】考查固定搭配。spend time doing sth 花费时间做某事,是固定搭配,故把 review 改为 reviewing
。句意:大多数高中生都想考上名牌大学,他们大部分时间都在复习功课上。
10.Learning this news, I am really willing to travel with you and introducing Xi'an to you.
【答案】introducing 改为 introduce
【解析】考查固定搭配。be willing to do sth 愿意做某事,是固定搭配。本句中 and 连接两个并列的动词

不定式,故把 introducing 改为 introduce。

模拟训练

一.单项填空
1.【江苏省盐城中学 2019 届高三年级质量检测】The man ________ the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their

lives in the explosion was arrested.

A. having circulating B. to circulate

C. circulating D. to have circulated

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:传播 18 名火警在爆炸中丧生了的这条假消息的人被逮捕了。传播假消息与

the man 是主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语, 故选 C。

【点睛】区分非谓语动词时,主要是要区分谓语动词与非谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序。如果同时发生或者

非谓语动作从过去持续到谓语动作那个时间,一般使用现在分词形式;如果非谓语动作发生在位于动作之

后,使用不定式如果非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前,使用过去分词。本题考查的就是非谓语动作从过去

持续到谓语动作那个时间的情形。
2. 【天津市南开中学 2019 届高三年级模拟考试】______me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.

A. Calling B. Call C. To call D. Having called

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词的正确形式。句意:明天给我打电话,我会告诉你实验的结果。此句是祈使句,故用动词原

形。选 B。

3. 【江苏省南京市 2019 届高三年级三模考试】With the number of homecoming overseas students up in recent

years, the attraction of foreign degree holders has gradually faded.

A. shot B. being shot

C. shooting D. to shoot

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。句意:近年来,由于归国留学生人数的激增,外国学位持有者的吸引力逐渐减弱。本

句为 with 的复合结构,shoot 与 overseas students 构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作原因状语,故选

C。

4.【2019 年天津市十二所重点中学高三毕业班联考】The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly, not

whether to believe what he had said.

A. to know B. knowing

C. known D. having known

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:小男孩疑惑地盯着这个陌生人,不知道自己是否该相信他说的话。little boy

与 know 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词作伴随状语,故 B 项正确。

5. 【江苏省 2019 届苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调查】Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist

attractions around China, the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security check.

A. to reduce B. reduced

C. having reduced D. reducing

【答案】D

【解析】考查现在分词做结果状语。句意:人脸识别技术在中国各地的旅游景点运行良好,减少了人们在入

口处或安检处排队的时间。此处是现在分词最自然的结果状语,故答案为 D。

5. 【江苏省 2019 届苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调查】Actors should be good observers, watching people's body

language and speaking style, and this into their own abilities to progress in acting.

A. transferring B. transforming
C. transporting D. transmitting

【答案】B

【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词做伴随状语。句意:演员应该是很好的观察者,观察人们的肢体语言和说话风格,并

将其转化为自己的能力,从而在表演上取得进步。此处句子主语 Actors 和 transform 之间是主动关系,是现

在分词做伴随状语,与 watching 并列,故答案为 D。

6. 【天津市北辰区 2019 届高考模拟试卷】We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he Is busy preparing

for an international contest __________ in Shanghai next month.

A. held B. to hold

C. being held D. to be held

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。句意:我们最好推迟采访这位运动员,因为他正忙于

准备下个月在上海举行的国际比赛。此处 contest 和 hold 之间是一种被动关系,这里是动词不定式一般式的

被动式作后置定语,故选 D。

二.单句语法填空
1.(2019 浙江宁波重高期中)Clothes   (produce)by the machine are of great quality. 

【答案】produced

【解析】考查过去分词作定语。动词 produce 和主语 clothes 是动宾关系,故填过去分词 produced。句意:机器

生产的衣服质量很好。 
2.(2019 四川成都期中联考,56)Calligraphy(书法),   (consider)as one of the unique traditional Chinese arts,

has a long history of about 1,000 years. 

【答案】considered

【解析】考查过去分词作定语。动词 consider 和主语 Calligraphy 是动宾关系,故填过去分词 produced。句意:

被认为是中国特有的传统艺术之一的书法,有着大约 1000 年的历史。

3.(2019 山东 10 月)All that changed,however,thanks to a recent Facebook post    (write)on their local police

department’s page. 

【答案】written

【解析】考查过去分词作定语。动词 wrote 和主语 a recent Facebook post 是动宾关系,故填过去分词 written。

句意:然而,这一切都改变了,这要归功于最近在当地警察局页面上发布的一篇 Facebook 帖子 。

4.(2019 重庆一中)Looking around at people who have studied French or Spanish at university, I find there’s no

such chance   (use)what they’ve learned in the workplace. 


【答案】to use

【解析】动词不定式作定语。名词 chance 常用 to do sth 当后置定语。又根据句意“环顾一下在大学里学过法语

或西班牙语的人,我发现他们在工作中没有机会用到所学到的东西 。”  

5.(2019 浙江衢州十二校摸底,58)Most of the time she sat in front of the TV,   (watch)soap plays. 

【答案】watching

【解析】考查现在分词做状语。本句中 watch 和 sat 是同时发生的动作,且主语都是 she,故用 watching。句意:

她大部分时间坐在电视前看肥皂剧。
6.(2019 浙 江 十 校 联 盟 )Wind loading is a term engineers use       (measure)the effect of the wind on a tall

building. 

【答案】to measure

【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。use sth to do sth 用某物来做某事。又根据句意“风荷载是工程师用来衡量风

对高层建筑的影响的术语。”可知填 to measure。

7.(2019 浙江镇海中学 10 月)Nowadays, many stores make cloth shoes   (use)machines. 

【答案】using

【解析】考查现在分词状语。根据句意“如今,许多商店用机器生产布鞋”可知空格处表示生产的方式,故

填 using。

8.(2019 山东烟台 10 月)Lisa Bailey took her gloves off when   (take)her dog for a long walk on a winter day

and didn’t notice anything until that evening. 

【答案】taking

【解析】考查现在分词做状语。根据句意“丽萨·贝利在一个冬日带着她的狗散步时脱下了手套,直到那天晚

上才注意到有事情不对劲。”可知 take 和 took 是几乎同时发生的动作,且主语都是 Lisa Bailey,所以用现

在分词表主动,且和 when 一起做时间状语。故填 taking。

9.(2019 浙江杭州第二中学 10 月)I remember I told my mom more than once that I hoped    (pursue)an

acting career in the future. 

【答案】to pursue

【解析】考查动词不定式作宾语。hope to do sth 希望做某事,是固定搭配,故填 to pursue。句意:我记得我不

止一次告诉我妈妈我希望将来追求演艺事业。
10.(2019 浙江绿色评价联盟)Despite the challenge of   (construct)the world’s tallest skyscrapers, the passion

of exploration will never go out. 

【答案】constructing

【解析】考查动名词做宾语。介词 of 后面要接宾语,而 construct 是动词,又因为空格后又宾语,所以空格处


要填动名词形式,故填 constructing。建句意:尽管建造世界上最高的摩天大楼带来了挑战,但探索的热情

永远不会熄灭。 
11.(2019 北京清华附中 11 月)Wanting to stand out and   (notice)in the crowd at high school is natural. 

【答案】be noticed

【解析】考查不定式做宾语。本句中 and 连接两个并列的动词不定式;根据句意“在高中想在人群中脱颖而

出被人注意是很自然的。”可知,空格处需用不定式的被动式,故填 be noticed。 

12.(2019 浙江台州黄岩一模)Before   (leave)for England, Thomas bought a few forks.  

【答案】leaving

【解析】考查动名词做宾语。本句中,before 是介词,其后要用动名词作宾语,故填 leaving。  

13.(2019 天 津 一 中 )All the students got very excited at the news that the scientist, who was reported

(win)the Nobel Prize, was coming to their school. 

【答案】to have won

【解析】考查动词不定式做补语。sb be reported to do sth=it is reported to do sth 某人被据报道做某事,又根据

句意“听到这位被报道获得诺贝尔奖的科学家即将来到他们学校的消息,所有的学生都感到非常兴奋。”

可知获得诺贝尔奖已经发生了,故填 to have won。

14.(2019 四川成都外国语学校 11 月月考)So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow

people   (feel)more energetic. 

【答案】to feel

【解析】考查动词不定式做补语。allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事。句意:因此,它可以帮助减少免疫系统

的疲劳,让人感觉更有活力。故填 to feel。 

15.(2019 浙江台州黄岩一模)When he told his friends what it was, they all wanted   (take)a good look at the

strange thing. 

【答案】to take

【解析】考查动词不定式做宾语。want to do sth 想要做某事。句意:当他告诉他的朋友是什么时候,他们都想

看看这个奇怪的东西。故填 to take。  

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