History of Art

CINQUECENTO
 First…

What makes art good

or bad?
In pairs, spend 3 minutes
discussing and writing a few
sentences about your ideas.
 Gentle Spring, Frederick
Sandys, 1865.

Sandro Botticelli, Primavera, 1470s David Hockney, Portrait of an Artist, 1972.

Jackson Pollock, Lavender Mood, 1950. Picasso, Spring, 1956.

 What makes art good or bad?
What makes ‘good’, and
even great art stand out,
is the clarity with which
the artworks central
idea or concept shines
through and is embodied
in the artwork.
Daniel Lee Jacobs, art writer.
Bad Art is unchallenging, “All artists are willing to
safe, and stale. Art that has suffer for their work. But
nothing new to offer, why are so few
nothing interesting to bring to prepared to learn to
the table. Background noise draw?”
if you will, elevator music.
Banksy
Anna Choutova, artist.
Quattrocento recap
quiz!
What century was the
Quattrocento period?
What century was the
Quattrocento period?

15th century (1400-1500)

 What does the word
‘Renaissance’ mean in
French?
 What does the word
‘Renaissance’ mean in
French?

Rebirth
 What does the word
‘Renaissance’ mean in
French?

Rebirth

BONUS: Why do we describe the Renaissance as a rebirth?

Which city is known as
the birthplace of the
Renaissance?
Which city is known as
the birthplace of the
Renaissance?

Florence
Name three features of
the Quattrocento style
Name three features of
the Quattrocento style
Realism, humanism, illusionism, linear
perspective, depth, nudes, mythology,
inspiration from Ancient Greece and
Rome….
Which Florentine family
are known as the
‘Godparents of the
Renaissance’?
Which Florentine family
are known as the
‘Godparents of the
Renaissance’?
Medicis
Cinquecento
 Middle Ages/
Trecento Renaissance
14th century 15th and 16th centuries

1300 1400 1500 1600

Quattrocento period Cinquecento period

15th century
16th century
 Middle Ages/
Trecento Renaissance
14th century 15th and 16th centuries

1300 1400 1500 1600

Quattrocento period Cinquecento period

nto
Cinquece 15th century
16th century
00 in
means 5
Italian.
Rome was the artistic centre
of the Cinquecento period.
Why Rome?
We can thank Pope Julius II, who
controlled Rome from 1503- 1513.
Why Rome?
We can thank Pope Julius II, who
controlled Rome from 1503- 1513.

He wanted Rome to take over Florence

as the artistic centre, so spent a lot of
money on commissioning art.
Why Rome?
We can thank Pope Julius II, who
controlled Rome from 1503- 1513.

He wanted Rome to take over Florence

as the artistic centre, so spent a lot of
money on commissioning art.

He spent so much money on decorating

the Vatican and the city with Cinquecento
works that he almost bankrupted the
church.
 Why Rome?

Pope Leo X (1513-21) and Clement VII (1523-34) also spent lots of
money on art in Rome, confirming the city’s artistic importance.
 Why Rome?

n ic e w as
Ve
p r o d u cing
also
a lot of
i n q u e c ento
C
te r p ie c es at
mas e.
this tim

Pope Leo X (1513-21) and Clement VII (1523-34) also spent lots of
money on art in Rome, confirming the city’s artistic importance.
 Perfecting Quattrocento techniques…
Da Vinci linear perspective study.

Linear Perspective
- Created by Filippo
Brunelleschi during the
Quattrocento period.
- Creates extreme depth
and appearance of 3D.
 Perfecting Quattrocento techniques…
Da Vinci linear perspective study.

Linear Perspective Anatomy

- Created by Filippo - Focus on creating
Brunelleschi during the realistic bodies within
Quattrocento period. artworks.
- Creates extreme depth - Inspired by Humanism
and appearance of 3D. - Dissection was popular.
 Perfecting Quattrocento techniques…
Da Vinci linear perspective study.

Linear Perspective Anatomy

- Created by Filippo - Focus on creating
Brunelleschi during the realistic bodies within
Quattrocento period. artworks.
- Creates extreme depth - Inspired by Humanism
and appearance of 3D.
 Perfecting Quattrocento techniques…
Da Vinci linear perspective study.

“I will show you that I

know how to dissect the
brain, and also living
men, as I have dissected
dead ones to learn my
art” Sculptor Baccio Bandinelli

Linear Perspective Anatomy

Created by Filippo - Focus on creating
Brunelleschi during the
realistic bodies within
Quattrocento period.
- Creates extreme depth artworks.
and appearance of 3D. - Inspired by Humanism
- Dissection
 Perfecting Quattrocento techniques…
Da Vinci linear perspective study.

Linear Perspective Anatomy Illusionism

- Created by Filippo - Focus on creating - Trompe l’oeil, French
Brunelleschi during the realistic bodies within for “to deceive the eye”
Quattrocento period. artworks. - Illusion and merging art
- Creates extreme depth - Inspired by Humanism and architecture.
and appearance of 3D. - Dissection Cesare da Sesto
The Madonna and Child with Saint John the
Baptist and Saint George , c. 1514
…While developing a new style
DV

M
…While developing a new style
DV

Leonardo da
Michelangelo
Vinci
(1452–1519) (1475-1564)

Raphael
(1483-1520)
 Leonardo da Vinci
- Painter, sculptor, engineer, scientist, theorist, architect.
- His genius crossed so many disciplines that he represents an
ideal ‘Renaissance Man’
- Born near Florence, also lived in Milan and Rome.
-
Leonardo da Vinci
Painter, sculptor, engineer, scientist, theorist, architect.
- His genius crossed so many disciplines that he represents an ideal
‘Renaissance Man’
- Born near Florence, also lived in Milan and Rome.

Mona Lisa (c. 1503–19)

- Simplicity and realism of

figure and subject matter.
- Sfumato. Using subtle
graduations of light and
shadow rather than line.
- Intriguing expression.
 Leonardo da Vinci
- Painter, sculptor, engineer, scientist, theorist, architect.
- His genius crossed so many disciplines that he represents an ideal
‘Renaissance Man’
- Born near Florence, also lived in Milan and Rome.

Mona Lisa (c.

1503–19)

- Simplicity and
realism of figure and
subject matter.
- Sfumato. Using
subtle graduations of
light and shadow
rather than line.
- Intriguing expression.
Last Supper (c. 1495–98)
- Focus on human emotion, study of varied
reactions.
- Experimental medium, tempera or oil paint on
two layers of experimental preparational
ground.
 Raphael
- Painter, printmaker and architect who died at just 37.
- Learnt from his father, a painter, and later ran his own large workshop.
- Famous for his focus on Humanism, beauty and harmony.
 Raphael
- Painter, printmaker and architect who died at just 37.
- Learnt from his father, a painter, and later ran his own large workshop.
- Famous for his focus on Humanism, beauty and harmony.

The School of Athens

(1511)

- Fresco in the Vatican in

Rome
- Symbolic of philosophical
discourse between Plato
and Aristotle
- Considers science,
philosophy and religion.
 Raphael
- Painter, printmaker and architect who died at just 37.
- Learnt from his father, a painter, and later ran his own large workshop.
- Famous for his focus on Humanism, beauty and harmony.

The Marriage of the Virgin

The School of Athens
(1504)
(1511)

- Shows the marriage

- Fresco in the Vatican in
between Mary and Joseph
Rome
- Symbolic of philosophical - Three point perspective
discourse between Plato - Vibrant colours and
and Aristotle emotional expression
- Considers science, characteristic of Raphael/
philosophy and religion. c
 Michelangelo
- Painter, sculptor, poet and architect
- Born in Florence and died in Rome
- Infused Renaissance ideas with a psychological intensity and emotional realism.
 Michelangelo
- Painter, sculptor, poet and architect
- Born in Florence and died in Rome
- Infused Renaissance ideas with a psychological intensity and emotional realism.

David (1504)

- 5 meters tall
- Depicts the prophet David
before slaying Goliath,
mythology.
- Masterful example of
anatomy
- Classical contrapposto
(asymmetrical) stance.
 Michelangelo
- Painter, sculptor, poet and architect
- Born in Florence and died in Rome
- Infused Renaissance ideas with a psychological intensity and emotional realism.

David (1504)

- 5 meters tall
- Depicts the prophet
David before slaying
Goliath, mythology.
- Masterful example of
anatomy
- Classical contrapposto
(asymmetrical) stance.
 Architecture
- Focus on symmetry and geometry, with
mathematics used to create proportions.
- Sense of intellectual calm and harmony
created.

Bramante, 1502 Tempietto

chapel.
 Architecture
- Focus on symmetry and geometry, with
mathematics used to create proportions.
- Sense of intellectual calm and harmony
created.
St Peters Basilica, Rome
Central Plan
- Most famous Roman
Catholic church in the
- Based on circles or a
world
cross.
- Various architects involved
- Influenced from Ancient
such as Alberti, Raphael,
Bramante, Michelangelo, Rome
and Bernini. - Circularity links to
Humanism
 When
THE 5 W’S When w
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What t ng, building, g did it t
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What s power
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s i n
Who w
a Who
Why Who was the
Why was this creator?
made? Was it What was their life
commissioned, for like?
pleasure, for a What was their
historical purpose? style?
Why is it Are there figures
important? in the artwork?
Why should we Who are they?
study it?
Title of your groups’ Name of artist/ sculptor/
masterpiece architect

5W’s of
5W’s Group or individual
opinion and
thoughts on the
your masterpiece. How
master
piece…. T WORK does it make you
A R feel?
E
TITL
By artist name

Opini
on
5W’s
 Title of your groups’ Name of artist/ sculptor/
masterpiece architect

5W’s of
5W’s draw
ing
Group or individual
opinion and
thoughts on the
your masterpiece. How
master
piece…. T WORK does it make you
A R feel?
E
TITL
By artist name
You could also
include..
Relevant quotes Opini
on
5W’s
Drawings or quote
diagrams
References to other
works
Personal touches
 Be creative!
No typing/ use of online design programs.
You must create your poster by hand.

You will have access to computers next

lesson to complete this task.
MASTERPIECES 3CD
1. San Zaccaria Altarpiece (1505) by Giovanni Bellini, Church of San Zaccaria, Venice.
2. Villa Farnesina (1509–11), Rome by Baldassarre Peruzzi
3. Genesis Fresco (1508-12) by Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel Ceiling.
4. San Biagio at Montepulciano (1518–29), Florence, Antonio da Sangallo the Elder.
5. Giambologna, The Rape of the Sabine (1581-3) Marble, Piazza della Signora, Florence.
6. Jacopo Sansovino, Venus and Cupid (c.1550) Bronze, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
7. Assumption of the Virgin (1516-18) by Titian, Saint Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, Venice.
8. The Wedding Feast at Cana (1562-3) by Paolo Veronese, Gemaldegalerie, Dresden.
9. The Deposition (1526-8) by Jacopo Pontormo, Capponi Chapel, S. Felicita, Florence.
10. Benvenuto Cellini, Perseus with head of Medusa (1545-54) Bronze, Loggia dei Lanzi,
Florence.
MASTERPIECES 3A
1. Doge Leonardo Loredan (1502) by Giovanni Bellini, National Gallery, London.
2. Palazzo Farnese (1517–89), Rome, designed and commenced by Anontio da
Sangallo
3. School of Athens (Scuola di Atene) (1509-11) by Raphael, Fresco, Stanza della
Segnatura, Vatican.
4. Michelangelo, The Pietá(1499). Marble, St Peter’s Basilica in Rome
5. Creation of Adam (1511-12) by Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel Ceiling.
6. Venus of Urbino (1538) by Titian, Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
7. Giambologna, Mercury (1564-80) Bronze, Museo Nazionale del Bargello,
Florence.
8. Michelangelo, David (1501-4) Marble, Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence.
9. St Mark Freeing the Slave (1547-8) by Jacopo Tintoretto, Venice Academy
Gallery.
10. The Feast in the House of Levi (1573) by Paolo Veronese, Venice Academy
Gallery.
MASTERPIECES 3B
1. Mona Lisa (1503-06) by Leonardo da Vinci Louvre Museum, Paris
2. The Tempest (1508) by Giorgione, Galleria dell'Accademia, Venice.
3. Sleeping Venus (1510) by Giorgione, Gemaldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden.
4. Sistine Madonna (1513-14) by Raphael, Gemaldegalerie Alte Meister,
Dresden.
5. Madonna of the Harpies (1517) by Andrea del Sarto, Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
6. The Transfiguration (1518-20) by Raphael, Pinacoteca Apostolica, Vatican.
7. Assumption of the Virgin (Parma Cathedral) (1524-30) by Correggio,
Underside of the dome of Parma Cathedral.
8. Last Judgment Fresco (1536-41) by Michelangelo, Altar wall of Sistine
Chapel.
9. The Last Supper (1591-4) by Jacopo Tintoretto, Church of San Giorgio
Maggiore, Venice.
10. St Peter’s Basilica, Rome, (1504 onwards), various architects.
11. Michelangelo, Dying Slave (1513-16) Marble, Louvre, Paris.